Introduction of Pavement

8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement

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Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng

Introduction of Pavement

1. Types of Pavement

2. Pavement Layers




Líp mÆt trªn

Líp mÆt duíi

Líp mãng trªn

Líp mãng duíi

Wearing course

Binder course

Road base (Base)

Sub-Base

Líp ®¸y ¸o ®uêng Capping layer

(improved sub-grade)

TÇngmÆt

TÇngm

ãng

NÒn ®¾p hoÆc ®Êt tô nhiªnEmbankment or Natural ground

(Sub - Grage)MãngnÒn®Êt

trongkhuvôc

t¸cdông

A

ã®uêng

KÕtcÊu¸o®uêng(~1,2m

)

Roadfoundation

Surfacing

Subgrade




1. Concrete Slabs2. Leveling Layer

3. Base/Subbase Layer

4. Subgrade

B/2C

b

Bm/2d

1

3

2

4 1 : m

1,5-2%




Bitumen Sealing

Graded Crushed Stone - Type 1


Subgrade

2 0

1 5

2



Subgrade

2 0

1 5

Natural Gravel 2 4

Subgrage

3 0

1 5

7

5 AC fine mix

Graded Crushed

stone - Type 1

AC medium mix

Graded crushed

stone - Type 2




3 0 c m

Natural Gravel

1 2 c m Macadam

3 0 c m

Macadam

1 2 c m

Dense Macadam

6 c m

2 0 c m

C¸t gia cè xi m¨ng

Bª t«ng xi m¨ng l¾p ghÐp

Subgrage

3 0

1 5

7

5 AC fine mix

Graded Crushed

stone - Type 1

AC medium mix

Graded crushed

stone - Type 2



Subgrade

2 0

1 5

Paving concrete brick

Cement treated sand




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Asphalt Concrete Pavement

Bitumen Treatment Surface

Asphalt Concrete Pavement

Natural Gravel Pavement


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Cement Concrete Pavement Block Pavement (Stone Paving)

Block Pavement (Cement Brick Paving)




Soil and Natural

Gravel

- Poor grading- Well graded

Rock Binders

Aggregate- Single-sized

- Poor grading

- Well graded

Block

- Organic

- Non-

organic

Recycling

materials

- Pavement

recycling

- Waste

materials

Man-made

block

materials

-Bricks(concrete;

fired clay

Asphalt Mix

Cement Treated

Cement Concrete

Bitumen/Cement…stabilized base




Introduction of Pavement

1. Types of Pavement

2. Pavement Layers




Pavement Layers

UNBOUND PAVEMENT LAYERS

Unbound pavement layers can include capping layers, sub-base courses

and base courses constructed from gravel and stone materials without

addition of a binder. Some minor rural pavement can have surface of

unbound layer.Unbound materials can be spread by hand of by use of motor grader, or

even a dozer, then compacted to specified density using suitable rollers,

normally static or vibrating steel rollers. Optimum water content normally

is required while compacting for achieving the specified density.

Grading and plasticity of unbound materials are commonly major factors

impact the qualification of unbound pavement.

Criteria for construction quality control of unbound layers are density,

CBR which can be defined in-lab or in-situ tests.




Pavement Layers

STABILIZED PAVEMENT LAYERS

Stabilization can be defined as any process in which soil/ natural gravel/

crushed stone is improved more stable.

“Mechanical stabilization” is the process where the material is made more

stable by adjusting the particle size distribution (made grading better).

“Chemical stabilization” improves properties of soil/natural gravel/ crushedstone, such as cement/lime stabilization

Mechanical & adhesion stabilization is process in which bitumen is used as

binder to improve adhesion between soil/aggregate particles.

Mix design is required for stabilized layer. Materials qualification of soil/aggregate and of mix as well must be control during construction.

Stabilized layers may be construction using either the mix-in-place method

or plant-mix method. Mix-in-place operation is taken on construction with

stabilizer using in situ subgrade or borrow soil




Pavement Layers

ASPHALT PAVEMENT LAYERS

Asphalt pavements or bituminous pavements consist of selected mineralaggregate bound together by bituminous binder. Asphalt includes a multitude

of different pavement types ranging from thin surface dressings to thick

layers of asphalt concrete.

A surface dressing (surface treatment) is a wearing course made by a thinfilm of binder which is sprayed on to the road surface and immediately

covered with a single layer of stone chippings of uniform size. A single

surface dressing consists of one application of binder and chippings. If two

applications are used, the wearing course is called a double surface dressing.

Premixed asphalt is a paving material manufactured by mixing aggregates,filler and bitumen.

Asphalt concrete is made from a continuously graded aggregate. Asphalt

concrete of different qualities ay used for the construction of wearing course,

binders course and base course.

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Introduction of Pavement