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8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-of-pavement 2/14
Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng
Introduction of Pavement
1. Types of Pavement
2. Pavement Layers
8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-of-pavement 3/14
Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng
Líp mÆt trªn
Líp mÆt duíi
Líp mãng trªn
Líp mãng duíi
Wearing course
Binder course
Road base (Base)
Sub-Base
Líp ®¸y ¸o ®uêng Capping layer
(improved sub-grade)
TÇngmÆt
TÇngm
ãng
NÒn ®¾p hoÆc ®Êt tô nhiªnEmbankment or Natural ground
(Sub - Grage)MãngnÒn®Êt
trongkhuvôc
t¸cdông
A
ã®uêng
KÕtcÊu¸o®uêng(~1,2m
)
Roadfoundation
Surfacing
Subgrade
8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
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Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng
1. Concrete Slabs2. Leveling Layer
3. Base/Subbase Layer
4. Subgrade
B/2C
b
Bm/2d
1
3
2
4 1 : m
1,5-2%
8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
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Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng
Bitumen Sealing
Graded Crushed Stone - Type 1
Graded Crushed Stone - Type 2
Subgrade
2 0
1 5
2
Graded Crushed Stone - Type 1
Graded Crushed Stone - Type 2
Subgrade
2 0
1 5
Natural Gravel 2 4
Subgrage
3 0
1 5
7
5 AC fine mix
Graded Crushed
stone - Type 1
AC medium mix
Graded crushed
stone - Type 2
8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
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Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng
3 0 c m
Natural Gravel
1 2 c m Macadam
3 0 c m
Macadam
1 2 c m
Dense Macadam
6 c m
2 0 c m
C¸t gia cè xi m¨ng
Bª t«ng xi m¨ng l¾p ghÐp
Subgrage
3 0
1 5
7
5 AC fine mix
Graded Crushed
stone - Type 1
AC medium mix
Graded crushed
stone - Type 2
Graded Crushed Stone - Type 1
Graded Crushed Stone - Type 2
Subgrade
2 0
1 5
Paving concrete brick
Cement treated sand
8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
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Asphalt Concrete Pavement
Bitumen Treatment Surface
Asphalt Concrete Pavement
Natural Gravel Pavement
8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
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Cement Concrete Pavement Block Pavement (Stone Paving)
Block Pavement (Cement Brick Paving)
8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
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Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng
Soil and Natural
Gravel
- Poor grading- Well graded
Rock Binders
Aggregate- Single-sized
- Poor grading
- Well graded
Block
- Organic
- Non-
organic
Recycling
materials
- Pavement
recycling
- Waste
materials
Man-made
block
materials
-Bricks(concrete;
fired clay
Asphalt Mix
Cement Treated
Cement Concrete
Bitumen/Cement…stabilized base
8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
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Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng
Introduction of Pavement
1. Types of Pavement
2. Pavement Layers
8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
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Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng
Pavement Layers
UNBOUND PAVEMENT LAYERS
Unbound pavement layers can include capping layers, sub-base courses
and base courses constructed from gravel and stone materials without
addition of a binder. Some minor rural pavement can have surface of
unbound layer.Unbound materials can be spread by hand of by use of motor grader, or
even a dozer, then compacted to specified density using suitable rollers,
normally static or vibrating steel rollers. Optimum water content normally
is required while compacting for achieving the specified density.
Grading and plasticity of unbound materials are commonly major factors
impact the qualification of unbound pavement.
Criteria for construction quality control of unbound layers are density,
CBR which can be defined in-lab or in-situ tests.
8/13/2019 Introduction of Pavement
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Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng
Pavement Layers
STABILIZED PAVEMENT LAYERS
Stabilization can be defined as any process in which soil/ natural gravel/
crushed stone is improved more stable.
“Mechanical stabilization” is the process where the material is made more
stable by adjusting the particle size distribution (made grading better).
“Chemical stabilization” improves properties of soil/natural gravel/ crushedstone, such as cement/lime stabilization
Mechanical & adhesion stabilization is process in which bitumen is used as
binder to improve adhesion between soil/aggregate particles.
Mix design is required for stabilized layer. Materials qualification of soil/aggregate and of mix as well must be control during construction.
Stabilized layers may be construction using either the mix-in-place method
or plant-mix method. Mix-in-place operation is taken on construction with
stabilizer using in situ subgrade or borrow soil
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Dr.Eng. Trần Thị Kim Đăng
Pavement Layers
ASPHALT PAVEMENT LAYERS
Asphalt pavements or bituminous pavements consist of selected mineralaggregate bound together by bituminous binder. Asphalt includes a multitude
of different pavement types ranging from thin surface dressings to thick
layers of asphalt concrete.
A surface dressing (surface treatment) is a wearing course made by a thinfilm of binder which is sprayed on to the road surface and immediately
covered with a single layer of stone chippings of uniform size. A single
surface dressing consists of one application of binder and chippings. If two
applications are used, the wearing course is called a double surface dressing.
Premixed asphalt is a paving material manufactured by mixing aggregates,filler and bitumen.
Asphalt concrete is made from a continuously graded aggregate. Asphalt
concrete of different qualities ay used for the construction of wearing course,
binders course and base course.