INTRODUCTION - stela2010.files.wordpress.com · planning Land-use planning policies & plans Land qualities Land qualities Land-use requirements Land-use ... data (fisik atau ekonomik)

M. Luthfi Rayes JURUSAN TANAH FP UNIV. BRAWIJAYA

The Automated Land Evaluation

System

(ALES)


INTRODUCTION

• The Automated Land Evaluation System, or ALES, is a computer program that allows land evaluators to build

expert systems to evaluate land according to the method presented in the FAO “Framework for Land Evaluation”(FAO 1976).

• It is intended for use in project or regional scale land evaluation.

• The entities evaluated by ALES are map units, which may be defined either broadly (as in reconnaissance surveys and general feasibility studies) or narrowly (as in detailed resource surveys and farm-scale planning).

M. LUTHFI RAYES JURUSAN TANAH FP UB



What is land evaluation?

match

Land-use

planning

Land-use

planning

policies & plans

Land

qualities

Land

qualitiesLand-use

requirements

Land-use

requirements

suitabilitysuitability


Tabel .

Persyaratan

Penggunaan

Lahan utk

Jagung

(Djaenudinn

et al, 2000)


1050


ALES terdiri atas 7 komponen:

1. kerangka knowledge base yg mendeskripsikan penggunaan lahan (fisik & ekonomi) yg diusulkan

2. kerangka basisdata yg mendeskripsikan satuan peta lahan (SPL) yg dievaluasi

3.mekanisme pengambilan kesimpulan utk menghubungkan land use dan SPL, utk menentukan kesesuaian scr fisik dan ekonomi dr bbrp satuan peta utk bbrp penggunaan lahan yg diusulkan

4. fasilitas yg dpt menjelaskan shg memungkinkan pembuat model memahami dan kemudian lebih menyempurnakan model yg dibuat


ALES terdiri atas 7 komponen(lanjutan):

5. fasilitas konsultasi yg memungkinkan

pengguna awam utk mengajukan pertanyaan

kpd sistem ini, ttg land use yg ada

6. penyajian laporan pd layar monitor, printer,

flash disk atau CD (compact disk) dan

7. modul impor-ekspor yg memungkinkan

pertukaran data dg basisdata eksternal, SIG

dan spreadsheets (excel, dBase dll). Dalam

hal ini termasuk interface utk berh dengan SIG

sep IDRISI, ArcInfo dan ArcView.


• ALES is not a GIS and does not itself

display maps. It can, however, analyze

geographic land characteristics if map

units are appropriate defined, and

• it can directly reclassify IDRISI or Arc/Info

or ArcView maps with the same mapping

unit legend as the ALES database.


Fig. 1. An overview of the ALES program flow.


Who uses ALES?

• First, model builders construct and validate ALES models for the set of Land Utilization Types to be considered in the study, working with a group of land use experts.

• Second, model users enter land data and ask the program to compute evaluation results.

• Third, evaluation consumers use the results of the evaluation to make their land use decisions. They might also use ALES in consultation mode.

• All the while, the system administrator ensures that the computer system, including ALES, is working correctly.


Tujuan ALES

• Memungkinkan pengevaluasi lahan utk mengumpulkan, menyusun dan menginterpretasi berbagai macam informasi menggunakan prinsip dasar Kerangka-kerja Evaluasi Lahan FAO (1976)

• Menyajikan informasi yg telah diinterpretasi (kelas kesesuaian lahan) dlm bentuk yg secara langsung bermanfaat bagi perencana penggunaan lahan.

• Memanfaatkan informasi yg telah dikumpulkan dlm survei tanah dan inventarisasi SDL lainnya, yg kebanyakan tdk dimanfaatkan.

• Memungkinkan utk menggunakan data lahan dalam segala macam format yg berbeda, dan memudahkan tukar-munukar data dari sumber basis data tanah atau sumberdaya lahan lainnya.


KEUNGGULAN & KENDALA

• Mengevaluasi lahan utk berbagai TPL dan banyak SPT serta utk berbagai skala peta

• Mengevaluasi lahan scr fisik dan ekonomik

• Dgn basisdata yg terstruktur, � perubahan data (fisik atau ekonomik) dpt dilakukan kapan saja dan “scr otomatis” hasil evaluasi akan berubah sesuai data terbaru

• Belum seluruh daerah di Indonesia miliki Data spasial & tabular

• Perlu Keakhlian ?????


Fig. 2. An overall structure of LE. ALES is only involved in steps (7), through (11).


INITIAL CONSULTATIONS

• Objectives

• Data and assumptions

• Planning of the land evaluation

Major kinds of land use or land utilization types

Land Mapping Unit

Comparison of Land use with land

- matching

- economic and social

analysis

- Environmental Impact

Land Use Requirements and Limitations

Land Suitability Classification

Land Qualities

Presentation of Results


Land Evaluation Approach in ALES

• A two-stage approach

– Physical land evaluation is first conducted matching soils, climate and land use with crop requirements (this eliminates land units which are not physically suitable.

– Socio-economic evaluation conducted next to derive the suitability of the land unit for specific land utilization types e.g rain fed agriculture with low inputs or commercial agriculture with high inputs, etc.


Struktur Program ALES

Dalam ALES setiap evaluasi terdiri atas

• Sejumlah tipe penggunaan lahan (TPL) yaitu penggunaan lahan yg diusulkan dan sejumlah satuan peta lahan (SPL) yaitu areal lahan yg akan dievaluasi.

• Setiap satuan peta dievaluasi utk setiap TPL shg menghasilkan suatu matriks kesesuaian lahan.


• Ada 2 macam kesesuaian dalam sistem

FAO yaitu kesesuaian scr fisik dan

kesesuaian scr ekonomi.

• ALES dapat mengevaluasi keduanya


STRUCTURE OF THE LAND SUITABILITY STRUCTURE OF THE LAND SUITABILITY

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMCLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

�� Land Suitability OrdersLand Suitability Orders: : S, S, NN

Reflects kinds of suitabilityReflects kinds of suitability

�� Land Suitability ClassesLand Suitability Classes: : S1, S2, S3, S1, S2, S3, S4S4, , N1, N2N1, N2

Reflects degrees of suitability within ordersReflects degrees of suitability within orders

�� Land Suitability SubclassesLand Suitability Subclasses: : m, o, n, t, e, a, h, p, c, l, v,I.m, o, n, t, e, a, h, p, c, l, v,I.

Reflects kinds of limitations or main kinds of Reflects kinds of limitations or main kinds of

improvement measures required within classes.improvement measures required within classes.

�� Land Suitability UnitsLand Suitability Units: : --1, 1, --22

Reflects minor differences in required management Reflects minor differences in required management

within subclasses.within subclasses.


Kelas kesesuaian lahan secara kualitatif (fisik)

dan pengertiannya

Kelas Simbol Nama Pengertian

1 S1 Sangat sesuai Tanpa/sedikit pembatas

2 S2 Cukup sesuai Tingkat pembatas sedang

3 S3 Sesuai

marjinal

Tingkat pembatas berat

4 N Tidak sesuai Tingkat pembatas sangat berat

dan sukar untuk diatasi


Kelas kesesuaian lahan secara kualitatif (ekonomik)

dan pengertiannya

Klas Simbol

Nama Pengertian

1 S1 Sangat sesuai Sangat menguntungkan

2 S2 Cukup sesuai Cukup menguntungkan

3 S3 Sesuai marjinal Kurang menguntungkan

4 N1 Secara ekonomik tidak sesuai

Memungkinkan tetapi tidak menguntungkan (utk sementara)

5 N2 Tidak sesuai permanen

Tidak memungkinkan


Contoh TPL (LUT)

• cashew-lo° Anacardium occidentale, low capital input • chilli-lo° Capsicum frutescens, low capital input• citrus-lo° Citrus spp, low capital input• cocoa-hi° Theobroma cacao, medium to high capital input• cocoa-lo° Theobroma cacao, low capital input• coconut-lo° Cocus nucifera, low capital input• coffee(arab)-hi° Coffea arabica, medium to high capital input• coffee(arab)-lo° Coffea arabica, low capital input • coffee(rob)-hi° Coffea canephora, medium to high capital input• coffee(rob)-lo° Coffea canephora, low capital input • maize-hi° Zea mays, high capital input• mango-lo° Mangifera indica, low capital input


Each Land Utilization Type was defined by a set of

Land Use Requirements. For example:

- Land Use Requirements for LUT

'rice upland-hi'

– c : temperature

– e : erosion hazard

– m : moisture conditions

– r : rooting conditions

– t : nutrient availability/retention capacity

– w : oxygen availability (wetness)

– x : soil toxicities (FeS, CaCO3)

– z : excess of salts (salinity, sodicity)


Each LUR of each LUT is measured in 4 severity levels: (1) nolimitation, (2) slight limitation, (3) moderate limitation, and (4) severe limitation.

The database schema consists of the following diagnostic Land Characteristics:


Each of these is measured in classes, which are defined according to the available survey information. For example,


The database itself consists of a list of the map units to be evaluated, along with the values of each landcharacteristic in the database schema (In the actual model there are 953 mapping units, derived from resource mapping units and subdivided into soil types)


BP035

EZ123

BP225

Data/profil:

“serie”

slope

relief

landform

dissection

BK185

BP087

BK016

EZ035

BP145

51

49

63


Each map unit has its data values, for example:

Gbr 4. Alur penggunaan pohon keputusan dlm menentukan kelas

kesesuaian lahan (Djaenudin dan Hendrisman, 2005). Tanda

* merupakan hasil keputusan.


Once the model was set up and the database constructed, ALES was asked to compute Land Quality values, and then combine these into overall physical suitability. The results is an evaluation matrix, of which the following is only a small part:


Running

ALES Program























Compound MU suitability classificationMAP LEGENDMAP LEGEND

Jambu meteNN dom. with S1 a/o S2 a/o S3S1S1 dom. with S2 a/o S3S1 dom. with N; or with N and S2 a/o S3S2S2 dom. with S1S2 dom. with S3S2 dom. with N; or with N and S1 a/o S3S3S3 dom. with S 1 a/o S2S3 dom. with N; or with N and S1 a/o S2S1+S2+S3 dom. with N


Legend for Compound MU classification

Compound Homogeneous MU classes in CMU

description of Compound MU class MU number of homogeneous MUs:

class code 1 2 3 4

S1 S1 S1 S1=90 - -

S1 dom. with S2 a/o S3 S1- - S1,(S) S1,(S2,S3) -

S2 dom. with S1 S2+ - S2,(S1) S2,(S1,S3) -

S2; or S2 dom. with S1 and S3 S2 S2 S2=90 S2,(S1,S3) -

S2 dom. with S3 S2- - S2,(S3) S2=S3,(S1) -

S3 dom. with S1 a/o S2 S3+ - S3,(S) S3,(S1,S2) -

S3 S3 S3 S3=90 - -

S1 dom with N; or S1 dom. with N and S2 and/or S3 S1N - S1,(N) S1,(S,N) -

S2 dom. with N; or S2 dom. with N and S1 a/o S3 S2N - S2,(N) S2,(S+N) -

S3 dom. with N; or S3 dom. with N and S1 a/o S2 S3N - S3,(N) S3,(S+N) -

S1+S2+S3 dom. with N SN - - - S1+S2+S3,(N)

N dom. with S1 a/o S2 a/o S3 NS - N,(S) N,(S+S) N,(S1+S2+S3)

N N N N>=75 - -

Terima KasihTerima Kasih

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INTRODUCTION - stela2010.files.wordpress.com · planning Land-use planning policies & plans Land qualities Land qualities Land-use requirements Land-use ... data (fisik atau ekonomik)