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Introduction to Alternative Fuels Technology

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Why are we doing this ?

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Future car

Is she driving an AFV?

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Bio-what?

What kind of fuel are you using?

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History

First Automobiles

1765 Richard Trevithick Steam

1847 Moses Farmer Electric

1863 E’ tienne Lenoir Internal Combustion

1898 Rudorf Diesel Diesel Compression

1902 M. Krieger Hybrid/Electric

1980 Ed Passerini Solar Car

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History 2

Automobile Performance

1851 Speed Record 19 mph Electric

1898 First Official Race 39 mph Electric

1899 Mile per Minute 60 mph Electric

1902 Electric’s Lose Lead 75 mph Steam

1906 100 Mile Barrier Broke 127 mph Steam

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The End of Cheap Oil

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The U.S. Accounts for 26% of World Oil Consumption and 9% of World Oil Production,

but Has Only 2% of World Oil Reserves

Petroleum

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Transportation Is Almost Entirely Dependent on Oil. It Accounts for 67% of U.S. Oil Use Now. This Will Increase Significantly in the Future

Sector Use

0246810

1214161820

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Mil

lio

n B

arre

ls p

er D

ay Transportation

Industrial

Residential &Commercial

Electric Utilities

53%

67%

72%

Source: EIA 2000

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U.S. Highway Transportation Uses More Oil Than Is Produced Domestically

Transportation Use

Source: EIA 20000

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Mil

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ns

of

Ba

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s p

er

Day

Heavy Trucks

Domestic Oil Production

Automobiles

Light Trucks

Pas

sen

ger

Veh

icle

s

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The Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 (CAAA) EPA

•Improve air quality by reducing mobile source Improve air quality by reducing mobile source pollutants with cleaner fuels pollutants with cleaner fuels •Purchase LEVs in Clean Fuel Fleet ProgramPurchase LEVs in Clean Fuel Fleet Program•Metropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 or Metropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 or greatergreater in non-attainment•Centrally fueled fleets of 10 or more vehiclesCentrally fueled fleets of 10 or more vehicles•State, federal, and fuel provider fleets for 70% State, federal, and fuel provider fleets for 70% of fleet for <8,500 GVWR and 50% of fleet up to of fleet for <8,500 GVWR and 50% of fleet up to 26,000 GVWR26,000 GVWR•New acquisitions since 1999New acquisitions since 1999

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The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) DOE

•Reduce oil consumption through Reduce oil consumption through alternative fuel infrastructure implement alternative fuel infrastructure implement and acquisition of LEVs alternative fuel and acquisition of LEVs alternative fuel vehiclesvehicles•Metropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 Metropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 or greateror greater •Centrally fueled fleets of 20 or more Centrally fueled fleets of 20 or more vehicles less than 8,500 lbsvehicles less than 8,500 lbs•State, federal, and fuel provider fleets, State, federal, and fuel provider fleets, 75%, 75%, and 90% respectively75%, 75%, and 90% respectively•New acquisitions since 1997New acquisitions since 1997

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What are Alternative Fuels?

Definition

Fuels that are substantially non-petroleum and yield energy security and environmental benefits.

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What are Alternative Fuels?

Defined by EPA, Recognized by DOE

Natural Gas – Compressed or LiquefiedPropane/Liquefied Petroleum GasEthanol (denatured, E-5, E-85, )Methanol (M-85)Electricity and Hybrid ElectricBiodiesel (B100 neat, B20, B5)Hydrogen (ICE and Fuel Cell)

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Clean Cities also promotes

• Idle reduction

• Fuel economy

• Conservation activities

• Mass Transportation

• Share a ride

• Hybrid/electric.

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Niche Markets have potential

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Bio-fuel Production

• Ethanol plant in Bartow• Alcohol and gasoline

• Biodiesel plant in Lakeland• Vegetable oil and petro-diesel

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Ethanol

• Flexible Fuel Vehicle• E85 or E5 percentage Ethanol to gasoline• Dodge, Chrysler, Ford, GM, BMW

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Biodiesel

• B100 neat, B20, B10, B5• Percentage vegetable oil

to diesel

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Plug-ins

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Electric Vehicle

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Charging

• Toyota Rav4 Electric Vehicle charging at Photovoltaic powered utility integrated system in New Syrmra

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Solar Car

Photovoltaics, battery and electric motor powered electric vehicle

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Hybrid – Electric and Gasoline

Toyota Honda Ford

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Neighborhood Electric Vehicle NEV

• GEM Chrysler and Station

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GAS

Compress Natural Gas CNG Liquefied Natural Gas LNG Propane – LPG Dedicated and Bi-fuel GM and Toyota

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Hydrogen

Fuel Cell with electric drive

Internal Combustion Engine