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Abitaboutme…
• PleasecallmeBryce• Myresearchisonalgorithmicgametheory
• RelatedtotheAIsubfieldofmulti-agentsystems
• I’maSwattie (classof2008)• Major:CS,(almostfinishedanECONmajor)• Activities:orchestra,windensemble,ultimate,fencing,puckers,ICPC
• MyfavoriteclassatSwatwasCS63withLisaMeeden
AdministrativeStuff
50% Labs
20% Exam1
20% Exam2
5% ClassParticipation
5% ReadingQuizzes
Coursewebpage:cs.swarthmore.edu/~bryce/cs63/s17
Besuretocheckout:• Readings• Resources
Piazzaforum:piazza.com/swarthmore/spring2017/cs63
Grading
OfficeHoursAtsomepointthissemester…
• youwillneedhelponthelabs,and• somethingfromlecturewon’tmakesense.
Whenthishappens,comeaskquestions.• Officehours
• M12:30–4:00,WF12:30–2:00• My door isusuallyopentherestofthetimetoo.
• Piazzaforum
Ihavesetaside6.5hourseveryweekforofficehours.Ifallyouattendis4hoursoflecture+lab,youwillnotgetthemostyoucanoutofthisclass!
Alothaschangedin10years…
• WatsonbeatKenandBradonJeopardy:• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P18EdAKuC1U
• Self-DrivingCarsareprogressingfast:• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsaES--OTzM
• AlphaGo beatLeeSedol atgo:• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUbqykXVx0A
WhatisAIabout?
• Onegoalofstudyingartificialintelligenceistobetterunderstandhumanintelligence.
• Anothergoalistocreatemachinesthatareassmartasorsmarterthanhumans.
• Inpractice,AIisaboutmakingcomputersandothermachinesperformtasksthat(forhumans)seemtorequireintelligence.
Somehistory
“Weproposethatatwo-month,tenmanstudyofartificialintelligencebecarriedoutinthesummerof1956atDartmouthCollege...Thestudyistoproceedonthebasisoftheconjecturethateveryaspectoflearningoranyotherfeatureofintelligencecaninprinciplebesopreciselydescribedthatamachinecanbemadetosimulateit.”-DartmouthAIProjectProposal,1955
“Aphysicalsymbolsystemhasthenecessaryandsufficientmeansforgeneralintelligentaction.”-NewellandSimon,1976
Somehistory
1958LISP
1950sPerceptron Neural Nets
1956Dartmouth Conference
1960sBlocks World
1972 Prolog
1970s Expert
Systems
1980s Backprop
Neural Nets
1980s Probabilistic Reasoning
1990s Machine Learning
1997Deep Blue
vs. Kasparov
2000s Deep Learning
Neural Nets
2010sBig Data
2000s-2010sWidespread Applications
Good old-fashioned AI
AI winter
Whatisthisclassabout?
Learning• Givendata,suchas:
• sensorreadings• pastactionoutcomes
• Constructamodeloftheworldorofhowtoact.
neuralnetworks,reinforcementlearning
Search• Anagent’smodeloftheworldincludes:
• it’scurrentstate• goalsitwantstoachieve
• Whatactionsshouldtheagenttaketomakeprogresstowarditsgoals?
routeplanning,gameplaying
Agents
Entitiesthatmakedecisionsandact.
Input:Theworldgeneratesobservations.
Output:Actionsaffecttheenvironment.
TheAgentFunction
Wecanthinkoftheentireagent,orsomeportionofitasimplementingafunction.
Afunctionmapsinputtooutput,suchas:• RobotInput:sensordata• Robotoutput:motoractions
Sometimesthisfunctiondirectlymapsinputtooutput,sometimesthereisinternalstatethataffectsthemapping.
f(history)=actionf(percept,state)=command
Modeling
Inputtoanagentisn’tacompletedescriptionoftheworld.Theagentislimitedbywhatitcanperceive.
Nowherenearallofwhatcanbeperceivedcanrealisticallybeprocessed.Somesortofabstractionmusttakeplacebeforeagentscanmakedecisions.
Anagentneedstobuildamodelfromwhatitcanperceiveandactbasedonthatmodel.Thesearehardproblems!