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Introductory Astronomy Week 1: Posi5onal Astronomy Clip 6: The Moon Moves Too 1

Introduction to Astronomy

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Introduction to Astronomy. Students can understand the background of the universe. We provide the understanding.

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Page 1: Introduction to Astronomy

Introductory  Astronomy    

Week  1:  Posi5onal  Astronomy  Clip  6:  The  Moon  Moves  Too  

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Moon  Moves  Too  •  Like  Sun,  Moon  moves  

around  celes5al  sphere  as  it  orbits  Earth  West  to  East  

•  Moon  is  faster:  orbits  in  a  sidereal  month  (27.32  days)  

•  RA  increases  by  48min  per  day  

•  Spin  locked  to  orbit  –  same  side  always  faces  Earth  

•  Moon  moves  rela5ve  to  Sun  by  44min  per  day  

•  Full  rota5on  rela5ve  to  Sun  in  synodic  month  (29.53  days)  

•  Posi5on  rela5ve  to  Sun  controls  rise/set  5mes  as  well  as  phases  

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Moon’s  Declina5on  •  Moon’s  orbit  inclined  5°  to  eclip5c  about  line  of  nodes  •  Like  Sun,  Moon  higher  in  Summer  •  Twice  a  year  line  of  nodes  aligns  with  Sun:  Eclipse  Season  

•  Tilt  precesses  to  the  West  every  18.6  years  so  twice  an  eclipse  year  of  346.6  days  

•  At  New/Full  Moon  during  eclipse  season  have  Solar/Lunar  eclipse  

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Solar  Eclipse  •  Moon  almost  same  angular  

size  as  Sun  •  With  near  perfect  alignment  

can  completely  obscure  Sun  –  from  up  to  250km  shadow  –  total  eclipse    

•  More  common  –  par5al  eclipse  

•  When  Moon  farthest  from  Earth  –  annular  eclipse  

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Lunar  Eclipse  •  Moon  enters  Earth  

shadow  from  West  •  Eclipse  can  be  total  or  

par5al.  Penumbral  eclipse  when  Moon  in  par5al  shadow  –  dims  slightly  

•  During  totality  Moon  illuminated  through  atmosphere  looks  red  

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Fun  with  the  Moon  •  Moon  appears  larger  near  horizon  

•  This  is  a  psychological  illusion  not  shared  by  op5cal  instruments  

•  Various  theories  as  to  mechanism  

•  Can  see  dark  part  of  crescent  Moon  –  “old  moon  in  new  moon’s  arms”  

•  This  is  physical  viewing  dark  part  by  reflected  Earthlight  

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Signs  of  the  Times  •  Astronomy  and  5mekeeping  are  always  closely  related  –  we  want  our  5me  to  match  what  happens.  

•  Our  24-­‐hour  days  are  adjusted  to  mean  solar  day.  •  Our  months  are  approximately  lunar.  •  Our  years  match  orbit  –  365.2564  days  is  a  sidereal  orbit.    

•  Tropical  orbit  is  365.2422  days  (precession).  •  Julius  Caesar  got  365.25  so  invented  leap  years.  •  Pope  Gregory  XIII  (1582)  corrected  for  the  .0078  10  

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Summary  •  Our  cosmos  now  has  moving  parts  

–  Sun  moves  around  Celes5al  Sphere  to  the  East,  completes  one  revolu5on  in  a  year.  The  eclip5c  5lted  rela5ve  to  celes5al  equator  by  23.5°  about  equinoxes  and  precesses  West  every  26,000  years  

–  Moon  moves  around  Celes5al  Sphere  to  the  East,  completes  one  revolu5on  in  a  month.  Moon’s  orbit  5lted  rela5ve  to  eclip5c  by  5°  about  line  of  nodes  and  precesses  West  every  18.6  years  

•  The  model  now  explains  day/night,  lunar  phases,  eclipses  •  What  else  moves?  11  

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Credits    •  Sky  Simula5on:  Starry  Night  hfp://www.starrynight.com/  •  Astronomy  Anima5ons:  University  of  Nebraska-­‐Lincoln  

Astronomy  Educa5on  Group  hfp://astro.unl.edu/  •  Solar  Eclipse  series,  Shadow  on  Earth:  NASA,  courtesy  

nasaimages.org  •  Annular  Eclipse:  Hinode/XRT  

hfp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/news20110106-­‐annulareclipse.html  

•  Moon  demonstra5on  video:  Duke  Media  Services  

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