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Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment By Prof Ahmed Abd El-Warith

Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment By Prof Ahmed Abd El-Warith

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Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment

By

Prof Ahmed Abd El-Warith

Objectives bull 1- definition of cancer

bull 2- etiology of cancer

bull 3- staging of malignant diseases

bull 4- principals of pathological classification of malignant diseases

bull 5- general symptoms and signs of malignancy

bull 6- principals of cancer management

( curative Vs palliative concept)

Definitions

Defining Cancer

Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide and

escape the body control

These cells are able to

1-Invade surrounding tissues

2-Send distant metastases

3 -Lost their functions

Defining Cancer

bull1048708 Primary Tumors

Represent de novo tumors in their initial site

bull1048708 Metastatic Tumors

Originate from the distant growth of the

primary tumors

History

scienceblogcancerresearchukorg

Posted on October 14 2010 by Kat Arney

Claims that cancer is only a lsquomodern man-made diseasersquo are false and

misleading

This is not only scientifically incorrect but misleading

Cancer has always been with us from ancient civilizations to today

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Cancer appears in medical history as early as 1600 BC in the Edwin Smith papyrus where the oldest description of the illness exists

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

The origin of the word lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo is credited to the Hippocratic physicians who used the terms karkinos and karkinoma

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Karkinos was used for any non-healing swelling or ulcerous formation even hemorrhoids karkinoma was reserved for non-healing

lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Objectives bull 1- definition of cancer

bull 2- etiology of cancer

bull 3- staging of malignant diseases

bull 4- principals of pathological classification of malignant diseases

bull 5- general symptoms and signs of malignancy

bull 6- principals of cancer management

( curative Vs palliative concept)

Definitions

Defining Cancer

Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide and

escape the body control

These cells are able to

1-Invade surrounding tissues

2-Send distant metastases

3 -Lost their functions

Defining Cancer

bull1048708 Primary Tumors

Represent de novo tumors in their initial site

bull1048708 Metastatic Tumors

Originate from the distant growth of the

primary tumors

History

scienceblogcancerresearchukorg

Posted on October 14 2010 by Kat Arney

Claims that cancer is only a lsquomodern man-made diseasersquo are false and

misleading

This is not only scientifically incorrect but misleading

Cancer has always been with us from ancient civilizations to today

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Cancer appears in medical history as early as 1600 BC in the Edwin Smith papyrus where the oldest description of the illness exists

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

The origin of the word lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo is credited to the Hippocratic physicians who used the terms karkinos and karkinoma

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Karkinos was used for any non-healing swelling or ulcerous formation even hemorrhoids karkinoma was reserved for non-healing

lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Definitions

Defining Cancer

Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide and

escape the body control

These cells are able to

1-Invade surrounding tissues

2-Send distant metastases

3 -Lost their functions

Defining Cancer

bull1048708 Primary Tumors

Represent de novo tumors in their initial site

bull1048708 Metastatic Tumors

Originate from the distant growth of the

primary tumors

History

scienceblogcancerresearchukorg

Posted on October 14 2010 by Kat Arney

Claims that cancer is only a lsquomodern man-made diseasersquo are false and

misleading

This is not only scientifically incorrect but misleading

Cancer has always been with us from ancient civilizations to today

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Cancer appears in medical history as early as 1600 BC in the Edwin Smith papyrus where the oldest description of the illness exists

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

The origin of the word lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo is credited to the Hippocratic physicians who used the terms karkinos and karkinoma

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Karkinos was used for any non-healing swelling or ulcerous formation even hemorrhoids karkinoma was reserved for non-healing

lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Defining Cancer

Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide and

escape the body control

These cells are able to

1-Invade surrounding tissues

2-Send distant metastases

3 -Lost their functions

Defining Cancer

bull1048708 Primary Tumors

Represent de novo tumors in their initial site

bull1048708 Metastatic Tumors

Originate from the distant growth of the

primary tumors

History

scienceblogcancerresearchukorg

Posted on October 14 2010 by Kat Arney

Claims that cancer is only a lsquomodern man-made diseasersquo are false and

misleading

This is not only scientifically incorrect but misleading

Cancer has always been with us from ancient civilizations to today

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Cancer appears in medical history as early as 1600 BC in the Edwin Smith papyrus where the oldest description of the illness exists

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

The origin of the word lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo is credited to the Hippocratic physicians who used the terms karkinos and karkinoma

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Karkinos was used for any non-healing swelling or ulcerous formation even hemorrhoids karkinoma was reserved for non-healing

lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Defining Cancer

bull1048708 Primary Tumors

Represent de novo tumors in their initial site

bull1048708 Metastatic Tumors

Originate from the distant growth of the

primary tumors

History

scienceblogcancerresearchukorg

Posted on October 14 2010 by Kat Arney

Claims that cancer is only a lsquomodern man-made diseasersquo are false and

misleading

This is not only scientifically incorrect but misleading

Cancer has always been with us from ancient civilizations to today

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Cancer appears in medical history as early as 1600 BC in the Edwin Smith papyrus where the oldest description of the illness exists

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

The origin of the word lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo is credited to the Hippocratic physicians who used the terms karkinos and karkinoma

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Karkinos was used for any non-healing swelling or ulcerous formation even hemorrhoids karkinoma was reserved for non-healing

lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

History

scienceblogcancerresearchukorg

Posted on October 14 2010 by Kat Arney

Claims that cancer is only a lsquomodern man-made diseasersquo are false and

misleading

This is not only scientifically incorrect but misleading

Cancer has always been with us from ancient civilizations to today

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Cancer appears in medical history as early as 1600 BC in the Edwin Smith papyrus where the oldest description of the illness exists

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

The origin of the word lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo is credited to the Hippocratic physicians who used the terms karkinos and karkinoma

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Karkinos was used for any non-healing swelling or ulcerous formation even hemorrhoids karkinoma was reserved for non-healing

lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

scienceblogcancerresearchukorg

Posted on October 14 2010 by Kat Arney

Claims that cancer is only a lsquomodern man-made diseasersquo are false and

misleading

This is not only scientifically incorrect but misleading

Cancer has always been with us from ancient civilizations to today

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Cancer appears in medical history as early as 1600 BC in the Edwin Smith papyrus where the oldest description of the illness exists

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

The origin of the word lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo is credited to the Hippocratic physicians who used the terms karkinos and karkinoma

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Karkinos was used for any non-healing swelling or ulcerous formation even hemorrhoids karkinoma was reserved for non-healing

lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Cancer appears in medical history as early as 1600 BC in the Edwin Smith papyrus where the oldest description of the illness exists

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

The origin of the word lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo is credited to the Hippocratic physicians who used the terms karkinos and karkinoma

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Karkinos was used for any non-healing swelling or ulcerous formation even hemorrhoids karkinoma was reserved for non-healing

lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

The origin of the word lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo is credited to the Hippocratic physicians who used the terms karkinos and karkinoma

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Karkinos was used for any non-healing swelling or ulcerous formation even hemorrhoids karkinoma was reserved for non-healing

lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of CancerBy Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou

Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)

Karkinos was used for any non-healing swelling or ulcerous formation even hemorrhoids karkinoma was reserved for non-healing

lsquolsquocancerrsquorsquo

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

What causes cancer

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

DNA controls cell functions

Cell division

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Stem

cell end stage

Development of Malignant Disease

Cell Arrest amp clonal expansion

Genetic mutation

Activation of pro=oncogene

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

What causes cancer

Cancer arises from the mutation of a normal gene

Mutated genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Causes of Cancer

bull bullDNA Mutations

bull ndashRadiation ndash and other environmental factors (Tobacco Alcohol Radon Asbestos etc)

bull ndashRandom somatic mutations

bull ndashInherited germ line mutations

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Causes of Cancer

bull bullGenetic predisposition-bull ndashRb p53 APC CDKN2A BRCA1 BRCA2

bull bullInfectious agentsbull ndashViral

bull bullHPV ndash cervical cancerbull bullHepatitis ndash liver cancer

bullndashBacterialbull bullH pylori ndash stomach cancer

bullEBV - Lymphoma

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Hallmarks of Cancerbull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)

Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all

bull1ndash Self-sufficiency in growth signals

bull2 ndashInsensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

bull3 ndashAbsence of apoptosisbull4 ndashLimitless prolferative

capacitybull5 ndashSustained angiogenesis

bull6 ndashTissue invasion and metastasis

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know

bull 1-When to suspect cancerbull 2-How to diagnose cancerbull 3-What the essential work up for

stagingbull 4-How to treat cancerbull 5-What is the prognosis of your

patient

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms-Cancer gives most people no symptoms

or signs that exclusively indicate the disease

-Unfortunately every complaint or symptom of cancer can be explained by a

harmless condition as well

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

1 -When to suspect cancer

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues-Persistent

-Progressive-Disabling

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

What are the clues -Symptoms amp Signs

changes according to the site of origin

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Think about the pathology and site -Mass that is able to invade locally

and spread distantly

Mass

lump

Pressure =on vital

organs

Blood vessels = bleedingNerves = pain

Obstruction =of lumens

To bone brain lung liver

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Do not forget the constitutional symptoms

-Fatigue-Fever

-Sweating-Wt loss

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

2 -How to diagnose cancer

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

2 -How to diagnose cancer

CANCER DIAGNOSIS - IS NOT A CLINCAL DIAGNOSIS X

- IT IS NOT A RADIOLOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS X - IT IS NOT SEROLOGICAL DGNOSIS X

- IT IS A PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSI - IT IS A TISSUE DIAGNOSIS-

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies

1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia

2-lymphopoliferative disorders= leukemia

bull Solid malignancies

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Categories of malignant disorders

Solid malignancies

Epithelial tissues Connective tissues

Surface glandular Bone Soft tissues

Carcinoma Sarcoma

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

3- What the essential work up for staging

T= tumorN= NodeM= Metastases

Clinical TNMRadiological TNMPathological TNM

-RADIOLOGYXRAYMRICTUS

SURGICAL STAGING

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

4 -How to treat cancer

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

Answer the following questions1-Does the patient have cancer2-What type of cancer3-What stage of cancer

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

ManagementMultidisciplinary

RADIATION MEDICAL ONCSURGERY

-Other Disciplines Radiology Pathology Lab

-Combined clinics-Tumor board

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Types of oncology problems

Patient with Suspected

Cancer diagnosis

Patient withEstablished

Cancer diagnosis

-Define the type-Define the stage Management

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

MANAGEMENT

DETERMINE THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVE

CURATIVE PALLIATIVE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

TREATMENT MODALITIES

CURATIVE

THERAPY

Aggressive Expensive recent updated complex

TOXICITY

LONG TERM IRREVERSIBLE

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

TREATMENT MODALITIES

PALLIATIVETreatment Simplest Avoid hospitalization Availability

Least toxic

TOXICITY

SHORT TERM ACUTE QUALITY OF LIFE

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Different Treatment Modalities

bull Local therapy = Surgery amp RTH

bull Systemic therapy = Cth Hormones Biologicals

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

Categories of malignant disorders

bull Liquid malignancies 1-Myeloproliferative disorders= leukemia 2-lymphopoliferative disorders= lymphoma

Systemic therapy bull Solid malignancies

According to stage

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

EarlyLocally

Advanced

General Staging of solid malignancies

Metastatic

local

+- Systemic

local

amp Systemic Systemic

+- Local

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

What can medicine offer the cancer patient

1-The cancer type amp extent ( stage)2-The host factors (age sex

co morbidities(3 -The available tools

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

5-What is the prognosis of your patient

1- Tumors that can be cured lymphomas leukemia early solid tumors

2- Tumors that can have prolonged survivalLocally advanced and some of the metastatic tumors

3- Tumors that can be palliatedMetastatic solid tumors

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU

THANK YOU

  • Introduction To Cancer Diagnosis amp Treatment
  • Objectives
  • Definitions
  • Defining Cancer
  • Slide 5
  • History
  • scienceblogcancerresearchukorg
  • Ancient Greek and GrecondashRoman Methods in Modern Surgical Treatment of Cancer By Niki Papavramidou Theodossis Papavramidis and Thespis Demetriou Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol17 (2010)
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • What causes cancer
  • PowerPoint Presentation
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Causes of Cancer
  • Slide 16
  • Hallmarks of Cancer bull Summarized by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) Six changes for cancer ndash found in most if not all
  • If you decided to be an oncologist What should you know
  • 1- When to suspect cancer
  • Slide 20
  • Cancer Signs and Symptoms
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • 2- How to diagnose cancer
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC PICTURE OF RCC
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • Categories of malignant disorders
  • 3- What the essential work up for staging
  • 4- How to treat cancer
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Different Treatment Modalities
  • Slide 40
  • General Staging of solid malignancies
  • 5-What is the prognosis of your patient
  • Slide 43
  • THANK YOU