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Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 1
CLOUD 101 Introduction to Cloud Computing & Potential Broadcast Applications
Ron W. Clifton CliftonGroup International Limited
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 2
Objective and Outline Provide an introduction to cloud computing technologies and discuss some potential applications for public broadcasting
• Part I: The cloud computing model • Part II: Potential broadcasting
applications
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 3
Part I
Introduction to Cloud Computing
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 4
Is Cloud real or is it just hype?
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 5
It’s real!
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 6
Demand Driving the Cloud
Source: CA Technologies
…business demand is outpacing budgets and resources – as well as traditional means of delivery
Previous Steady State
Recession & Credit Crisis
Business IT Demand
Growing alignment gap
IT Budgets &Resources
2003 - 2008 2008 - 2009 New Normal
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 7
Evolution of Cloud Computing • Industry survey (2011):
• 80% of enterprises surveyed had deployed at least one cloud service.
• Over 50% have deployed six or more cloud services, while maintaining legacy infrastructures.
Distributed
Internet
Virtual
CLOUD
Mainframe
Source: CA Technologies
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 8
Defining Cloud Computing The National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) Cloud Computing Model Enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 9
Defining Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is more than just “doing stuff in the cloud”
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
THREE SERVICE MODELS
Broad Network Access
Rapid Elasticity
Measured Service
On-Demand Self Service
Resource Pooling
FIVE MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS
PRIVATE PUBLIC HYBRID COMMUNITY FOUR DEPLOYMENT
MODELS
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 10
Four Deployment Models
Public Public Cloud Service over Internet
Utility Computing Model Uses OpEx
Multiple tenants
Public Hybrid Cloud
2 or more Public, Private or Community Combination OpEx & CapEx
Resource portability Federated Clouds
Public Private Cloud
Service over Internet Grid Computing Model
Uses CapEx Solo Tenant
Public Community Cloud
Public, Private or Hybrid Federated Clouds
OpEx (Users), CapEx (Community) Resource Portability
Source: Wikipedia and Sam Johnston
Public
Public
Private/ Internal
Public/ External
Amazon (AWS)
Google Apps Eng
AT&T
Microsoft Azure
The Cloud
On Premises/ Internal
“Cloud in a Box” – Azure for Enterprise – MS+HP - IBM Cloudburst - Eucalyptus cloud SW ~private AWS
Off Premises/ Third Party
HYBRID
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 11
Evolution of the Cloud
Source: Dell
Distribution in 3-5 years
Distribution today
Traditional Virtualized Private Cloud
Public Cloud
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 12
Private Clouds: Government View
• 72%: Control over physical security • 61%: Compliance with Fed regs & specs • 56%: Superior data protection • 43%: Ability to share IT resources within
agency and with other agencies • 38%: Ability to respond to user req’ts
Source: Information Week Analytics/Information Week Government 2011
Benefits of Private Clouds for the Federal Government
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 13
Three Service Models
Source: derived from Microsoft
PaaS
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
O/S
Middleware
Runtime
Data
Applications
SaaS
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
O/S
Middleware
Runtime
Data
Applications
Legacy
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
O/S
Middleware
Runtime
Data
Applications
= YOU provide & manage
IaaS
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
O/S
Middleware
Runtime
Data
Applications
= VENDOR provides & manages
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 14
Five Major Characteristics
Example: HP Blade Server
Broad Network Access
Rapid Elasticity
Measured Service
On-Demand Self Service
Provisioning Layer
Virtualization & Resource Pooling
Virtual/ Physical SW
Stacks Stateless Compute Logically
Configurable Network
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 15
The Scalable/Elastic Cloud
Source: Multiple
Actual Demand
Scalable Cloud Elasticity
Automated Trigger Actions
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 16
Example Industry Structure
e.g. VMWare. Oracle. Xen, HP, Dell, and many others
e.g. Cloud.com, RackSpace, Eucalyptus and many others
e.g. RightScale, Abiquo and others
e.g. Terremark, Amazon, OpSource, SHI, & many others
Virtualization – e.g. Hypervisor
Provisioning (single cloud)
Cloud Management (multiple clouds)
Service Providers
Cloud Migration Consultants e.g. CA Technologies, Fujitsu and many others
CPU/ Servers Storage Network
Load Balancing
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 17
Sample Cloud Vendors
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 18
Example Cloud vendors
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 19
Example Cloud Vendor Pricing
source: cloudorado.com (a particular sample day)
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 20
Sample Cloud Applications • Application
Hosting • Backup & Storage • Content Delivery • Databases • E-Commerce • Enterprise IT
• High Performance Computing
• On-Demand Workforce • Media Hosting • Search Engines • Web Hosting • Development
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 21
Examples: media in the Cloud
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 22
Example: media in the Cloud
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 23
Part II
Potential Broadcasting Applications
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 24
The Paradigm Shift • The technology exists today to implement the
complete broadcast workflow from ingest to transmission in the cloud
• There are many excellent public cloud options but for Broadcast, a private/hybrid community cloud configuration may be ideal (e.g. station groups)
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 25
Why Cloud and why now?
Public Cloud Solutions for Broadcasting
M&E Market and Broadcast Industry Drivers/Trends • IP Connectivity & File Based Workflow • OTT Content Delivery & Mobile devices • TV Everywhere • Emerging standards
• Move from legacy H/W to S/W • Dedicated and virtualized server
implementations • Cloud services
Cloud Computing Industry Trends • Second gen cloud computing technologies & standards • Availability of mature private & hybrid cloud solutions • Low cost terrestrial broadband connectivity
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 26
Typical Historical Media Workflow
Derived from: SMPTE and others
ACQUIRE PREP PRODUCE TRANSMIT
ARCHIVE (e.g. LTO)
Server
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 27
File-Based Workflow
Derived from: Broadcast Engineering & SMPTE
P2
PD
SxS
CF
Field Production
Work in progress
Audio AAF
NLE
Playout
Graphics Archive
MXF
MXF
MXF, IMX, DV AVC, J2K
MXF
News Live Production
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 28
Examples: Cloud Functionality • Ingest &Transcoding • Media asset
management (MAM) • Hosting for OTT
delivery (linear and COD)
• File-based workflow
• Archival & Disaster recovery
• QC/test and verify all formats
• Developmental stress testing and simulation
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 29
The Ingest Challenge
STUDIOS
PRODUCTION
Affiliate & Syndicated Feeds
OB/SNG/DSNG Feeds
User Generated Content (UGC)
Various tape and hard drive formats
Other Content
Other Content
(e.g. Ads)
Public Internet
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 30
The Ingest Challenge Ingest conversion to file based format for editing, archival and proxy access - real time as well as file based. Today’s ingest examples:
• Tape input from legacy sources and raw multi-year archives (Sony, DV, HD, HDSR, IMX)
• File formats (e.g. DNX-145, XD CAM 50, QTIME 45m, IMX-30/40/50, MXF, J2K)
• Web UGC: cell phone, QuickCam, Home
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 31
Brute Force Approach
UGC
Public
P1 P2 P3 P4
C0 C1 C2 C3
Cloud Functionality
Production Workflow
Common dBase Other
“FAT PIPES!”
Ingest &
Transcode
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 32
The Cloud Paradigm Shift
“THIN PIPES!”
Public
P1 P2 P3
C1 C2 C3 C4
Production Workflow
Common dBase(s)
UGC
Other
P4
Ingest &
Transcode
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 33
The Cloud Paradigm Shift Inherently native multiplatform OTT delivery
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 34
The Cloud Paradigm Shift Native multi-cloud connectivity
for backup, diversity, regulations, DRM etc..
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 35
Cloud Transcoding Concepts
Pub
lic
Ingest & Manage Content
Linear & File
Based VOD/COD
dBase
USERS: U1
Transcoder
U2
Transcoder
U3
Transcoder
- OR - Transcoders
U1 USERS: U1 U1
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 36
Example Cloud Transcoding
Source: KulaByte
101010010111 Origin Encode
Public Cloud Encoding
Content Distribution
Capture Input Format
Bit Rate
RTMP (Flash)
HTTP (iPAD,
ROKU …)
RTSP (Android,
BB … 720p 2.50 Mbps X X
2.25 Mbps X X 2.20 Mbps X X
540p 1.75 Mbps X X 1.50 Mbps X X
480p 1.25 Mbps X X 1.00 Mbps X X
360p 750 Kbps X X 288p 500 Kbps X X 270p 250 Kbps X X X 180p 150 Kbps X X X
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 37
Media Asset Management (MAM) SaaS and Cloud-Based Outlook:
“Some of the biggest challenges to the SaaS model have traditionally been around security, robustness and infrastructure. Technological advances, declining storage costs and the proliferation of high-speed broadband have transformed the business landscape and the SaaS model is no longer seen as a risky option.”
Source: Frost and Sullivan
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 38
Cloud Archival Concepts
Manage Archival Cache Manage
LTO
LTO PRIMARY
LTO BACKUP P1 P2 P3
Production Workflow
P4
Public
C1 C2 C3 C4
Common dBase(s)
UGC
Other
Ingest &
Transcode
Example LTO tapes (Linear Tape Open)
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 39
Cloud Archival Concepts
Manage Archival Cache Manage
LTO
LTO PRIMARY
P1 P2 P3
Production Workflow
P4
Public
C1 C2 C3 C4
Common dBase(s)
UGC
Other
Ingest &
Transcode
LTO BACKUP
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 40
Cloud Archival Concepts
Manage Archival
Manage LTO
LTO PRIMARY
LTO BACKUP
P1 P2 P3
Production Workflow
P4
Public
C1 C2 C3 C4
Common dBase(s)
UGC
Other
Ingest &
Transcode
Low Latency Cache
Cache
Cache
Low latency mid-term cache on demand
Disaster Recovery
Note: Cloud spinning disk archival is catching up. See Cloud 102 for AWS Glacier discussion
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 41
Cloud transmission – why not?
Public
P1 P2 P3
C1 C2 C3 C4
Production Workflow
Common dBase(s)
UGC
Other
P4
Remote Transmitter
Ingest &
Transcode
It’s being done today!
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 42
Summary • The technologies exist today to implement the
complete end-to-end broadcast workflow using cloud computing technologies
• This is a natural migration from our legacy
broadcast infrastructure and the way of the future
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 43
For further reading …
Page: Cloud 101: Clifton Final 44
Thank you for your time
Q&A?
(see also Cloud 102 tomorrow) Ron Clifton, BASc, MASc, PEng CliftonGroup International Ltd