Introduction to Computer and Programming

CS-101

Lecture 6

By :

Lecturer : Omer Salih DawoodDepartment of Computer Science

College of Arts and Science

1Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Information

Technology and Systems, Flow of Control, Batch and Interactive

Processing

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Computer Science

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Computer Science

• Definition: Computer science (or computing science) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.

• Computer science began to be established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1960s

• Focuses on the process of computing through several areas of specialization, including theory, algorithms, data structures, programming concepts and languages.

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Computer Science

• Computer Theory:• Algorithms• Data Structures• Programming concepts and languages:• Computer architecture• Management information System:• Software Engineering

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Fields of computer science• Mathematical foundations• Theory of computation • Algorithms and data structures• Programming languages and compilers• Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems• Software engineering• System architecture• Communications• Databases• Artificial intelligence• Visual rendering (or Computer graphics)• Human-Computer Interaction• Scientific computing

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Mathematical foundations

• Mathematical logic • Number theory • Graph theory • Type theory • Category theory • Computational geometry • Numerical analysis

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Theory of computation

• Automata theory • Computability theory • Computational complexity theory • Quantum computing theory

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Algorithms and data structures

• Analysis of algorithms • Algorithms • Data structures

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Programming languages and compilers

• Compilers • Interpreters • Programming languages

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems

• Concurrency • Distributed computing • Parallel computing

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Software engineering

• Algorithm design • Computer programming • Formal methods • Reverse engineering • Software development

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

System architecture

• Computer architecture • Computer organization • Operating systems

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Communications

• Computer audio • Networking • Cryptography

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Databases

• Data mining • Relational databases

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Artificial intelligence

• Artificial intelligence • Artificial life • Automated reasoning • Computer vision • Machine learning • Natural language processing/Computational

linguistics • Robotics

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Visual rendering (or Computer graphics)

• Computer graphics • Image processing

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Human-Computer Interaction

• Human computer interaction : The study of making computers and computations useful, usable and universally accessible to people, including the study and design of computer interfaces through which people use computers.

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Scientific computing

• Bioinformatics • Cognitive Science • Computational chemistry • Computational neuroscience • Computational physics • Numerical algorithms • Symbolic mathematics

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

2. computer Engineering

• Definition: Computer Engineering (also called Electronic & Computer engineering or Computer Systems Engineering) is a discipline that encompasses broad areas of both electrical engineering and computer science

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

computer Engineering

• Algorithms • Computer architecture and

organization • Computer systems

engineering • Circuits and signals • Database systems • Digital logic • Digital signal processing • Electronics • Embedded systems

• Human-computer interaction • Operating systems • Programming fundamentals • Social and Professional issues • Software engineering • VLSI design and fabrication • Computer Networking • Distributed Systems • Advanced Database systems

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Information Technology and Systems

Information System: An Information System (IS) is the system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in a given organization, including manual processes or automated processes.

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Applications of information systems

• Information systems deal with the development, use and management of an organization's IT infrastructure.

• The study of information systems, focuses on why and how technology can be put into best use to serve the information flow within an organization.

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Decision support features MIS DSS EIS ES

Type of decision maker

Many

operational

managers

Individuals and

Small groups of

tactical

managers

Individual

strategic

manager

Individual

strategic, tactical,

or operational

manager

Type of problem Structured Semi-structured Unstructured Structured

Type of

information

Pre-designed

reports on

Internal

operations

Interactive

queries and

responses for

specific

problems

Online access to

internal and

external

information on

many issues

Conclusions and

recommendations

for a particular

complex problem

Type of use Indirect Direct Direct Direct

Phase of decision making Intelligence Design, choice Intelligence Implementation

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Flow of Control

Flow of control: Flow control is the management of data flow between computers or devices or between nodes in a network so that the data can be handled at an efficient pace.

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Batch and Interactive Processing

Batch processing: collecting jobs in a single batch and then execute them without further interaction what the user.

Interactive processing: Allows a program being executed to carry on a dialogue with the user through remote terminals. Requires real-time processing.

Mr.Omer Salih Dawood

Thank you for your attention

Lecturer : Aasd Abd ElrashidMr.Omer Salih Dawood