Introduction to Engineering Mr. Phillip Knight. Engineering I Engineers build bridges. Engineers build bridges. Engineers test structures by loading them

Introduction to Introduction to EngineeringEngineering

Mr. Phillip KnightMr. Phillip Knight

Engineering IEngineering I

Engineers build bridges.Engineers build bridges. Engineers test structures by loading them Engineers test structures by loading them

to failure.to failure. Engineers design bridges for maximum Engineers design bridges for maximum

strength-to-weight ratio.strength-to-weight ratio. Unfortunately, these ideas don’t quite cut Unfortunately, these ideas don’t quite cut

it.it.

Engineering IEngineering I The essence of engineering is The essence of engineering is designdesign. . Engineering design entails the application of Engineering design entails the application of math, math,

science, and technologyscience, and technology to create something that to create something that meets a human need. meets a human need.

The engineering design process is, at the same time, The engineering design process is, at the same time, both systematic and creative. both systematic and creative.

And the engineering design process is always And the engineering design process is always iterative: engineers must explore many different iterative: engineers must explore many different alternatives before they can hope to achieve an alternatives before they can hope to achieve an optimum solution. optimum solution.

These are the essential characteristics of engineering.These are the essential characteristics of engineering.

Engineering IEngineering I Define Mathematics.Define Mathematics. Define Science.Define Science. Define Technology.Define Technology.

Mathematics - The study of the measurement, Mathematics - The study of the measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using numbers and symbols.numbers and symbols.

Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and material world gained through observation and experimentation. experimentation.

Technology - ??Technology - ??


What is Technology?What is Technology? Construct a definition of TechnologyConstruct a definition of Technology

What is an “-ology?”What is an “-ology?” Sociology, Biology, PsychologySociology, Biology, Psychology ““Ology” – derived from Logos, meaning “study Ology” – derived from Logos, meaning “study

of”of” So what is good working definition of the So what is good working definition of the

word “Technology”?word “Technology”?


How old is technology?How old is technology? Many archaeologists, sociologists believe Many archaeologists, sociologists believe

ONE technology has shaped our society to ONE technology has shaped our society to what it is today. Can you guess what it is?what it is today. Can you guess what it is?

The plow! The plow! What were the societal effects of this What were the societal effects of this

technology?technology? What innovations were made on it?What innovations were made on it?


Our earliest ancestors had to develop Our earliest ancestors had to develop ways to solve problems.ways to solve problems.

Ancient men……. Look at our teeth.Ancient men……. Look at our teeth. It is a fact that human teeth differ from that of It is a fact that human teeth differ from that of

strict carnivores.strict carnivores. It is also a fact that our digestive systems It is also a fact that our digestive systems

differ from strict carnivoresdiffer from strict carnivores


In order to eat we needed to develop tools.In order to eat we needed to develop tools. ToolsTools are the first essential element for all are the first essential element for all

technology systems.technology systems. These tools are made of materials (2nd)These tools are made of materials (2nd) We name eras according to material usageWe name eras according to material usage Stone Age Stone Age Bronze AgeBronze Age Iron AgeIron Age


Invention of the plow coincides with Invention of the plow coincides with domestication of animals in agriculture, domestication of animals in agriculture, likely oxen in Mesopotamialikely oxen in Mesopotamia

Importance of Agricultural Based tools:Importance of Agricultural Based tools: Plow, Carts, Carriages, Water Wheels.Plow, Carts, Carriages, Water Wheels.

The waterwheel was invented around 240 The waterwheel was invented around 240 BC. It was used primarily to grind grain for BC. It was used primarily to grind grain for food.food.


What was used prior to the water wheel for What was used prior to the water wheel for grinding grain?grinding grain?

Grinding Stones -

Is this technology?


Adaptations today resemble turbines spun by Adaptations today resemble turbines spun by the flow of water through a sluice in a dam.the flow of water through a sluice in a dam.

Additional gears and fly wheels were set up to Additional gears and fly wheels were set up to the original waterwheels to spin milling the original waterwheels to spin milling equipment for lumber.equipment for lumber.

Man adapted his tools to satisfy needs.Man adapted his tools to satisfy needs. Can you see the changes these technologies Can you see the changes these technologies

made in the way man lived?made in the way man lived?


Examine a Specific Artifact- Pick one!Examine a Specific Artifact- Pick one! What is it made of?What is it made of? We call these materials resources.We call these materials resources.

Natural and Man-made.Natural and Man-made. Renewable, Non-renewable and re-usable. Renewable, Non-renewable and re-usable.

What were the effects of this technology?What were the effects of this technology? How has “drive-thru” technology altered our How has “drive-thru” technology altered our

society?society? So now – Define technology!So now – Define technology!


Technology defined:Technology defined: The study of applying scientific knowledge to solve The study of applying scientific knowledge to solve

practical problems by converting available resources practical problems by converting available resources into useful products for societyinto useful products for society

Similar to the sciences, technology has a unique Similar to the sciences, technology has a unique academic-based body of knowledge. academic-based body of knowledge.

However, how do you think technology differs However, how do you think technology differs from “traditional” academic subjects?from “traditional” academic subjects?


Technology is a system having seven essential Technology is a system having seven essential elements:elements: CapitalCapital EnergyEnergy Resources/MaterialsResources/Materials ToolsTools PeoplePeople Information Information TimeTime

Story time: Scientists have observed monkeys in the South Story time: Scientists have observed monkeys in the South American rainforest. These monkeys eat brazil nuts off trees. The American rainforest. These monkeys eat brazil nuts off trees. The shell is too hard to bite open. These monkeys have found they can shell is too hard to bite open. These monkeys have found they can use a rock to break the shell of the nut open and get to the fruit use a rock to break the shell of the nut open and get to the fruit inside it.inside it.

According to our definition…is this technology?According to our definition…is this technology? Other examples?Other examples?



All Technology can be grouped into five All Technology can be grouped into five general classifications:general classifications:

ConstructionConstruction TransportationTransportation ManufacturingManufacturing CommunicationCommunication Bio-relatedBio-related


Technology is a unique academic discipline that borrows Technology is a unique academic discipline that borrows knowledge and information from all other academic areas:knowledge and information from all other academic areas:

Tech and Science (Nuclear energy plants)Tech and Science (Nuclear energy plants) Tech and Math (wind load on buildings)Tech and Math (wind load on buildings) Tech and Language Arts ($$$ Technical writers)Tech and Language Arts ($$$ Technical writers) Tech and Social Studies (Social responsibility)Tech and Social Studies (Social responsibility) Tech and Foreign Language (Global economy)Tech and Foreign Language (Global economy) Tech and Music (Instruments are tools)Tech and Music (Instruments are tools) Tech and Visual Arts (Escher)Tech and Visual Arts (Escher)

M.C. Escher ArtworkM.C. Escher Artwork


So know lets examine engineering.So know lets examine engineering. Engineering design entails the application of Engineering design entails the application of math, math,

science, and technologyscience, and technology to create something that meets to create something that meets a human need.a human need.

Human need is central.Human need is central.

Engineering IEngineering I Egyptian EngineersEgyptian Engineers

Imhotep: Engineer to King DjoserImhotep: Engineer to King Djoser Considered the first engineer, architect, & physician in Considered the first engineer, architect, & physician in

history known by namehistory known by name Pyramids, Dams, and CanalsPyramids, Dams, and Canals

Mesopotamian EngineersMesopotamian Engineers The wheel!The wheel! First Canals built by the Sumerians First Canals built by the Sumerians of Southern Mesopotamiaof Southern Mesopotamia Home and Wall constructionHome and Wall construction Iron weaponryIron weaponry Aqueducts and paved streets of Aqueducts and paved streets of King Engineer SennacheribKing Engineer Sennacherib

Engineering IEngineering I Greek Engineers:Greek Engineers:

Borrowed concepts of construction from Assyrians Borrowed concepts of construction from Assyrians and Mesopotamiansand Mesopotamians

11stst Metal Structure is attributed to the Greeks. Metal Structure is attributed to the Greeks. Golden age engineer Archytas of Taras, pure scientist Golden age engineer Archytas of Taras, pure scientist

and engineer.and engineer. Allegedly designed world’s first artificial, self-propelled Allegedly designed world’s first artificial, self-propelled

flying device: mechanical bird that flew using flying device: mechanical bird that flew using compressed air/steam.compressed air/steam.

Hellenistic Greeks were a mixture of Greek and Hellenistic Greeks were a mixture of Greek and Oriental people.Oriental people.

Archimedes and the science of hydrostatics was a Archimedes and the science of hydrostatics was a result of Hellenistic Greece.result of Hellenistic Greece.

Roman EngineersRoman Engineers Romans were adaptive engineers; Romans were adaptive engineers;

building off others ideas.building off others ideas. Most were civil engineers developing Most were civil engineers developing

roads, bridges, etc.roads, bridges, etc. Significant advances in architecture Significant advances in architecture

and everyday machinery.and everyday machinery. Kingdom of Anatolia: Indirect Central HeatingKingdom of Anatolia: Indirect Central Heating

System was called the hypocaustSystem was called the hypocaust Discovery of Cement!Discovery of Cement! Use of the waterwheel, trusses Use of the waterwheel, trusses

and the pendentive.and the pendentive.

Engineering IEngineering I The Oriental Engineers:The Oriental Engineers:

Centered on religious activities.Centered on religious activities. Indian – Skills with iron worksIndian – Skills with iron works Arabic – Skills with water clocks and Arabic – Skills with water clocks and waterwheels and the first practical windmill.waterwheels and the first practical windmill. Chinese – Suspension and cable stayed Chinese – Suspension and cable stayed bridges, canals and dams.bridges, canals and dams.

The European Engineers:The European Engineers: Middle Ages was the height of invention.Middle Ages was the height of invention. Advances in cathedrals..the flying buttressAdvances in cathedrals..the flying buttress 1818thth century advanced hydraulics, canal building. century advanced hydraulics, canal building. Renaissance saw the advent of engineering Renaissance saw the advent of engineering schools and engineering became a defined schools and engineering became a defined discipline.discipline.

Careers in Engineering Careers in Engineering

ABET – The Accreditation Board for Engineering and ABET – The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology.Technology.

Engineering defined as:Engineering defined as: The profession which the knowledge of the The profession which the knowledge of the

mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to use, economically, the materials and develop ways to use, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

Using materials and forces for the good of humankind.Using materials and forces for the good of humankind.


Discipline: A specific area practiced by an engineer.Discipline: A specific area practiced by an engineer. They do overlap.They do overlap. There are several sub-categories under each of the There are several sub-categories under each of the

major headings.major headings. Role: The jobs within the disciplines that are held by Role: The jobs within the disciplines that are held by

engineers.engineers. Research, Inventor, Supervisor, Human Resources, Research, Inventor, Supervisor, Human Resources,

Sales, Financial ManagementSales, Financial Management Example: Degreed Mechanical Engineer that is the Example: Degreed Mechanical Engineer that is the

head of Sales for Ford Motor Corporation.head of Sales for Ford Motor Corporation.


Disciplines:Disciplines: Aerospace: the flight of all kinds of vehicles operating Aerospace: the flight of all kinds of vehicles operating

under different speeds and altitudes.under different speeds and altitudes. Agricultural: all systems and sciences for the Agricultural: all systems and sciences for the

production and processing of agricultural products.production and processing of agricultural products. Architectural: structural integrity, safety and aesthetic Architectural: structural integrity, safety and aesthetic

integrity of structures.integrity of structures. Chemical: the development of processes, and the Chemical: the development of processes, and the

design and operation of plants in which materials design and operation of plants in which materials undergo chemical changes during their manufacture.undergo chemical changes during their manufacture.


Disciplines:Disciplines: Civil: All principalities of communication, Civil: All principalities of communication,

transportation, construction, and manufacturing.transportation, construction, and manufacturing. Electrical: applications of electricity ranging from Electrical: applications of electricity ranging from

electric light, power systems to electronic appliances electric light, power systems to electronic appliances including computer engineers.including computer engineers.

Industrial: the production of manufacturing systems.Industrial: the production of manufacturing systems. Mechanical: machines, production of power, and Mechanical: machines, production of power, and

manufacturing methods.manufacturing methods.


Disciplines:Disciplines: Nuclear: Use and management of nuclear technology.Nuclear: Use and management of nuclear technology. Petroleum: the extraction of liquid and gaseous Petroleum: the extraction of liquid and gaseous

hydrocarbon products from the earth.hydrocarbon products from the earth.

Careers in Engineering Careers in Engineering Assignment:Assignment:

Prepare a PowerPoint PresentationPrepare a PowerPoint Presentation 2 people per team maximum2 people per team maximum 5 slide minimum5 slide minimum 5 related pictures or illustrations5 related pictures or illustrations

Slide one: Title of your discipline, your names, date and school.Slide one: Title of your discipline, your names, date and school. Slide two: Description of the engineering discipline.Slide two: Description of the engineering discipline. Slide three: Educational Preparation including number of years, Slide three: Educational Preparation including number of years,

three Georgia schools offering the degree program, three non-three Georgia schools offering the degree program, three non-Georgia schools offering the degree program.Georgia schools offering the degree program.

Slide four: from Hotjobs.com or Monster.com list three examples Slide four: from Hotjobs.com or Monster.com list three examples of current job openings for this area (DO NOT LIST HEAD of current job openings for this area (DO NOT LIST HEAD HUNTERS AS POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS).HUNTERS AS POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS).

Slide five: Average Georgia Income, Average US Income.Slide five: Average Georgia Income, Average US Income.

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Introduction to Engineering Mr. Phillip Knight. Engineering I Engineers build bridges. Engineers build bridges. Engineers test structures by loading them