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Introduction to Genetics: History and Genetic Research
BIO 250: Genetics
Dr. Ramos
Genetics
Major areas of study
• Mendelian or classical genetics – Principles of transmission genetics
• Molecular Genetics – Biochemical and molecular mechanisms by which
hereditary information is stored in DNA and transmitted into protein.
• Population and Evolutionary Genetics – Factors determine genetic compositions of groups
of related organisms and how genetic changes occur.
How do genetics impact your life?
Genetic Research and Applications
• Genetic improvement of agricultural crops
– Adapt plants to:
• Higher temperatures
• Decreased water availability
• Floods
• Resistance to disease
Genetically modified organisms (GMO)
Genetic Research and Applications
• Genomic Medicine
– Human Genome Project
Genetic Research and Applications
• Genomic Medicine
– Tailor medical treatments
– Genetic basis of disease
– Cancer genomics
– Prenatal and newborn genomic analysis
Genetic Research and Applications
• Forensics
– Use of genetic material during investigations
– Identify remains
– Solve crimes
• Conservation genetics
Genetic Research and Applications
Genetic Research and Applications
• Biotechnology
– Combines other disciplines
– Pharmaceutical research
– Bioremediation
– Industrial applications
What will you learn this semester?
Gene- unit of heredity. Coding region of DNA that determines a protein.
DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid
Long double helical molecule composed of deoxyribonucleotides.
Codes genetic material.
How did we learn about genes?
Ancient genetics Modern genetics
History of Genetics
• Before 1866 • Progeny usually
looks like parents. • Efforts to
domesticate and breed animals and plants.
• 1866 – Mendel and the “Rules of Inheritance”.
• 1944 – Avery, McLead, and McCarty demonstrate DNA is hereditary material.
• 1953 – Watson and Crick proposed the double stranded model for DNA using data from Rosalind Franklin.
Modern Genetics
Development of genetic tools
Genomics and applications
Glossary Sheet
• Terms you should know from this lecture:
• Terms you should know for the next lecture:
Genetics Heredity
Gene DNA
Phenotype Genotype
Dominant Recessive
Alleles Genotype
Homozygous Heterozygous