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Introduction to Introduction to Information Information Systems in Systems in BusinessBusiness
Dr WagnerDr Wagner
Decision & Information TechnologiesDecision & Information Technologies
THE CHANGING BUSINESS THE CHANGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
• GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION
• INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIESINDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES
• TRANSFORMATION OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENTERPRISETHE ENTERPRISE
GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION
• MANAGEMENT & CONTROLMANAGEMENT & CONTROL
• COMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETSCOMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETS
• GLOBAL WORK GROUPSGLOBAL WORK GROUPS
• GLOBAL DELIVERYGLOBAL DELIVERY SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIESINDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES• KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIESKNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIES• PRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY• NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICESNEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES• KNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSETKNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSET• TIME-BASED COMPETITIONTIME-BASED COMPETITION• SHORTER PRODUCT LIFESHORTER PRODUCT LIFE• TURBULENT ENVIRONMENTTURBULENT ENVIRONMENT
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1997
YEAR
% SERVICE
% WHITE COLLAR
% BLUE COLLAR
% FARMING
LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1997LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1997
TRANSFORMATION OF TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISEENTERPRISE• FLATTENINGFLATTENING
• DECENTRALIZATIONDECENTRALIZATION
• FLEXIBILITYFLEXIBILITY
• LOCATION INDEPENDENCELOCATION INDEPENDENCE
• LOW TRANSACTION COSTSLOW TRANSACTION COSTS
• EMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENT
• COLLABORATIVE WORKCOLLABORATIVE WORK
FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEMSYSTEM
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
FEEDBACK
INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
Customers SuppliersCustomers Suppliers
Regulatory Stockholders CompetitorsRegulatory Stockholders CompetitorsAgenciesAgencies
ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS
ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
INFORMATIOINFORMATIONN
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
MAJOR MAJOR BUSINESS FUNCTIONSBUSINESS FUNCTIONS
• SALES & MARKETINGSALES & MARKETING
• MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING
• FINANCEFINANCE
• ACCOUNTINGACCOUNTING
• HUMAN RESOURCESHUMAN RESOURCES
SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGY
POLITICAL POLITICAL SCIENCESCIENCE
PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGY
COMPUTER COMPUTER
SCIENCESCIENCEOPERATIONS OPERATIONS
RESEARCHRESEARCH
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
SCIENCESCIENCE
TECHNICAL APPROACHESTECHNICAL APPROACHES
APPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMSAPPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMS
MISMIS
BEHAVIORAL APPROACHESBEHAVIORAL APPROACHES
• 1950s:1950s: TECHNICAL CHANGES TECHNICAL CHANGES
• 60s-70s:60s-70s: MANAGERIAL MANAGERIAL CONTROLCONTROL
• 80s-90s:80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL INSTITUTIONAL CORE ACTIVITIESCORE ACTIVITIES
GROWING IMPORTANCE?GROWING IMPORTANCE?
SCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMSSCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMS
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSTYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
DATA WORKERSDATA WORKERS
KIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVEDKIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVED
STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR MANAGERSMANAGERS
MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGERSMANAGERS
OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL
OPERATIONAL LEVEL OPERATIONAL LEVEL MANAGERS MANAGERS
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE &KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE &
SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMANSALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN RESOURCESRESOURCESMARKETINGMARKETING
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMSMAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS
• EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)(ESS)• DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)(DSS)• MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)(MIS)• OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)(OAS)• TRANSACTION PROCESSING TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
(TPS)(TPS)
**
TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONSTYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONSSales & Marketing SystemsSales & Marketing Systems
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:
• Sales management, market research, Sales management, market research, promotion, pricing, new productspromotion, pricing, new products
MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:
• Sales order info system, market Sales order info system, market research system, pricing systemresearch system, pricing system
**
MISMIS
MIS FILESMIS FILES
SALES DATA
UNIT PRODUCT COST
PRODUCT CHANGE DATA
EXPENSE DATA
MISREPORTS
MANAGERSMANAGERS
TPS
Order Processing
System
Materials Resource
Planning System
General Ledger
System
ORDER FILE
PRODUCTION MASTER FILE
ACCOUNTING FILES
TPS DATA FOR MIS TPS DATA FOR MIS APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
Enterprise-Wide Enterprise-Wide SystemsSystems
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)• Customer Relationship Management Customer Relationship Management
(CRM)(CRM)• Strategic Enterprise Management Strategic Enterprise Management
(SEM)(SEM)• Supply Chain Management (SCM)Supply Chain Management (SCM)• Data Warehouse/BIData Warehouse/BI• Enterprise PortalsEnterprise Portals
Sales & Marketing
Accounting
Finance
Manufacturing
Human Resources
ERP SYSTEMERP SYSTEM
Business ProcessesBusiness Processes
Enterprise-wideEnterprise-wide Business ProcessesBusiness Processes
Vendors Customers
BENEFITS OF ERP BENEFITS OF ERP SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
• FIRM STRUCTURE & ORGANIZATION:FIRM STRUCTURE & ORGANIZATION: One organizationOne organization
• MANAGEMENT:MANAGEMENT: Firmwide knowledge- Firmwide knowledge-based management processesbased management processes
• TECHNOLOGY:TECHNOLOGY: Unified platform Unified platform• BUSINESS:BUSINESS: More efficient operations & More efficient operations &
customer-driven business processescustomer-driven business processes
CHALLENGES OF ERP CHALLENGES OF ERP SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
• DAUNTING IMPLEMENTATIONDAUNTING IMPLEMENTATION
• HIGH UP FRONT COSTS & FUTURE HIGH UP FRONT COSTS & FUTURE BENEFITSBENEFITS
• INFLEXIBILITYINFLEXIBILITY
• HARD TO REALIZE STRATEGIC HARD TO REALIZE STRATEGIC VALUEVALUE
**
CRM ProcessesCRM Processes
• MarketingMarketing– Focus on lead generation and awareness of the products
and services being offered by a firm
• SalesSales– Convert leads into sales
• Customer ServiceCustomer Service– Retain and upgrade existing customers
• Data AnalyticsData Analytics– Measuring the performance of your CRM
deployment with KPIs
IMPACT OF THE INTERNET ON IMPACT OF THE INTERNET ON BUSINESS SYTEMSBUSINESS SYTEMS
• COMMUNICATE & COLLABORATECOMMUNICATE & COLLABORATE
• ACCESS INFORMATIONACCESS INFORMATION
• DISCUSSDISCUSS
• OBTAIN INFORMATIONOBTAIN INFORMATION
• ENTERTAINENTERTAIN
• TRANSACT BUSINESS TRANSACT BUSINESS