Introduction

to Migration

Migration is Global

In 2005, 191 million people were counted as living outside the country of their birth

The number of migrants worldwide has doubled since World War II

If they lived in the same place, international migrants would form the 5th most populous country in the world

Migration is Global

Source: United Nations Population Division. Trends in Total Migrant Stock, 2005 Revision. p 11.

Types of Migration

Primitive Migration When run out of food (disasters,

plagues) Free Migration

Group migration (being invaded) Does not occur much anymore (due to

too many rules) Restricted Migration

U.S. Emergency Quota Act of 1921 -3%

Types of Migrations

Impelled Migration Do not have to leave, but feel pressure

Forced Migration Lots of pressure to leave

Rural-to urban Migration Most important Internal migration Industrialized countries have 75% of

pop in cities. VS. 24-40% in low industry areas

European Migrations to

USA

Why do people migrate?

1. Economics(push/pull factors)

2. Politics (push factors)

3. Social Forces(pull factors)

Economic Causes of Migration

Better economic conditions, employment, etc.

Escape overpopulation and its effects Escape poor climate conditions such as

drought, el Niño, etc. Escape natural disasters

Many people risk their lives to find a better or safer homeland…

Political Causes of Migration

Escape war, invasion, military takeover, etc.

Escape persecution on ethnic, political, religious, or other grounds

Escape prosecution for crimes committed

Political Causes of Migration

Result of enslavementForced migration, with or without political agreement

Example of “push” migration: SUDAN

In the African nation of Sudan, drought, famine and civil war have brought about increased migration over the past

two decades. The number of Sudanese changing

residence has climbed from 1.3 million in 1983 to 3.4 million in 2000.

Social Causes of Migration

Spread a religion Reunite with family, friends, etc. Spread a political philosophy, such as

Marxism, democracy, etc. Find personal freedom, to live a certain

lifestyle, or to hold certain beliefs

What are the effects of migration?

1. Effects on the immigrants2. Effects on the host country3. Effects on the home country4. Multi-national issues

Effects on the Immigrants

Issues of identity Issues of adaptation and assimilation Differing cultural values between

generations

Effects on the Host Country

Economic impacts positive and negative (guest workers) real and perceived

Welfare issues Social attitudes

Effects on the Home Country

Remittances Loss of revenue

Effects on the Home Country

Families left behind “Brain drain” Population decrease

Multi-National Issues

“Open border” policies Immigration policies Security issues Human trafficking/slavery

Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking