Introduction to Modelling

Presentation by:

Omar Wani, Mahmood Mahmoodian

Models: What comes to mind?

Source:

http://www.fashionmagazine247.com/

http://www.steampoweredclassroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/dsc06860.jpg

What comes to mind?

Source:

http://www.fashionmagazine247.com/

http://www.steampoweredclassroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/dsc06860.jpg

Models in Science

• Observing something (Experimentation)

• Finding a rule (Hypothesis)

• Checking whether the rule is right (Verification)

http://svitalsky.com/illustrations/vedec.gif

Dominos falling

The number of dominos and the time of complete fall are

related

If we double the number of dominos,

the time of fall increases

twofold

https://origin.ih.constantcontact.com/fs132/1100617686073/img/169.jpg

Finding the rules of the game

http://wallpoper.com/images/00/35/81/27/chess-board_00358127.jpg

Finding the rules of the game

• Rainfall causes stream flow

• More rainfall means more streamflow

• And more rainfall means more sediments

http://hydrology.asu.edu/wiki/images/Model.jpg

Models for Environment

• For rainfall

• For flow

• For water quality

• For ground water

• For drainage

• For evaporation

• etc

Different Environment Models

Physical modelling

Physical model is a smaller or larger physical copy of an object that we

would like to study its behaviour.

A physical model of something large is usually smaller, and of something

very small is larger.

A Physical model allows visualization from examining the model.

Water molecules:

Solar system:

Source: [1]

Source: [4] Source: [3]

Source: [2]

Examples:

Analysis of rivers, floods and design of flood mitigation structures:

Testing of flow patterns and scour around bridge piers:

Source: [8]

Source: [7]

Source: [10]

Source: [9]

Source: [6] Source: [5]

Design of harbor and lake flushing:

Design of dam and analysis of its failure!

Examples:

Source: [14] Source: [15] Source: [13]

Source: [12] Source: [11]

Sediment transport in a river:

Even Tsunami analysis!

Examples:

Video:

Advantages of a physical model: • You can understand better your system by

visualization.

• You can improve it.

• You can have a proof of concept.

• Sometimes you can use it to predict the

• behaviour of the real system.

Disadvantages: • Sometimes it can be expensive, time-

consuming and maybe inaccurate!

Source: [18]

Source: [17] Source: [16]

Source: [20]

From simple

𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑘 × 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛

To complex

Mathematics of a model

http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/

42580/media/image2.jpeg

From common sense

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑂𝑢𝑡 = 𝐼𝑛 − 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒

To uncommon sense

Mathematics of a model

https://safetygonesane.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/waterways3_rospa_owned_dsc_0309-1.jpg

Using Computers

Details to fill

What Actual Models Look Like

Or this (better visualization)

What Actual Models Look Like

http://cdn.toonvectors.com/images/35/15669/toonvectors-15669-940.jpg

Questions?

Sources:

http://new.mhl.nsw.gov.au/PhysicalModelling

https://en.wikipedia.org

Sources of photos and video:

1. http://www.lifehacker.com.au/2015/07/lifehacker-test-how-well-do-you-know-the-planets-in-our-solar-system/

2. http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/solar_system/

3. http://phys.org/news/2010-04-molecule.html

4. http://sweetpics.site/h/how-to-make-a-water-molecule-model.html

5. http://www.vaw.ethz.ch/people/fb/hifloria/projects/data/fb_sihldurchlaesse_hbz_im_hyd_modellversuch

6. https://www.baw.de/EN/die_baw/technische_ausstattung/technische_ausstattung.html?id=20328b13cb23ec335ea315415bbd95c3

7. http://www.tidallagoonswanseabay.com/the-project/coastal-and-flood-defences/55

8. http://file.scirp.org/Html/15-8101734_25109.htm

9. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/hydraulics/12022/004.cfm

10. : http://www.vaw.ethz.ch/people/wb/archive/wb_223_scour_prot_plunge_dietikon_weir

11. http://www.sfakia-crete-forum.com/read.php?3,1233

12. http://www.yelp.com/biz/bay-model-visitor-center-sausalito

13. http://www.mdba.gov.au/sites/default/files/archived/annualreports/mdbc/AR_2007-08/enlarge/dartmouth-dam.htm

14. https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/2yw9m3/model_of_a_dam_failure

15. http://www.nhcweb.com/muskrat-falls-physical-modeling.asp

16. http://www.stillwatersci.com/case_studies.php?cid=17

17. http://www.appstate.edu/~liutkuscm/Teaching.html

18. http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a17680/highest-man-made-waves/

20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3lCXHxVFzU

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh

Framework Programme for research, technological development and

demonstration under grant agreement no 607000