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Introduction to
nternationaRelationsTheories and approaches
Robert JacksonGeorg S0rensen
OXPORDUNIVERSITY PRESS
I DETAILED CONTENTS
ABOUT THIS BOOK xvi
GUIDE TO LEARNING FEATURES xviii
GUIDE TO THE ONLINE RESOURCE CENTRE xx
POLITICAL MAP OF THE WORLD, APRIL 2008 xxii
1 W h y Study IR? 1
International Relations in Everyday Life 2
Brief Historical Sketch of the State System 7
The Global State System and the World Economy 15
IR and the Changing Contemporary World of States 18
Conclusion 25
KEY POINTS 26
QUESTIONS 27
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 27
WEB LINKS 27
2 IR as an Academic Subject 28
Introduction 29
Utopian Liberalism: The Early Study of IR 30
Realism and the Twenty Years' Crisis 35
The Voice of Behaviouralism in IR 39
Neoliberalism: Institutions and Interdependence 42
Neorealism: Bipolarity and Confrontation 44
International Society: The English School 46
International Political Economy (IPE) 49
Dissident Voices: Alternative Approaches to IR 52
Which Theory? 53
Conclusion 55
KEY POINTS 55
QUESTIONS 56
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 56
WEB LINKS 57
xii Detailed Contents
Realism 58
Introduction: Elements of Realism 59
Classical Realism 60
Thucydides 61
Machiavelli 62
Hobbes and the Security Dilemma 64
Morgenthau's Neoclassical Realism 66
Schelling and Strategic Realism 69
Waltz and Neorealism .• • 73
Neorealist Stability Theory 77
Realism after the Cold War: The Issue of NATO Expansion 79
Hegemony and the Balance of Power 84
Two Critiques of Realism 87
Research Prospects and Programme 91
KEY POINTS 93
QUESTIONS 94
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 94
WEB LINKS 94
Liberalism 95
Introduction: Basic Liberal Assumptions 96
Sociological Liberalism 98
Interdependence Liberalism 101
Institutional Liberalism 105
Republican Liberalism 109
Neorealist Critiques of Liberalism 113
The Retreat to Weak Liberalism 115
The Counter-attack of Strong Liberlalism 117
Liberalism and World Order 121
Liberalism: The Current Research Agenda 123
KEY POINTS 124
QUESTIONS 125
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 126
WEB LINKS 126
Detailed Contents xiii
5 International Society 127
Basic International Society Approach 128
The Three Traditions: Theory 133
The Three Traditions: Practice 134
Order and Justice 138
Statecraft and Responsibility 144
National Responsibility 144
International Responsibility 145
Humanitarian Responsibility 145
Critiques of International Society 150
The Current Research Agenda 155
KEY POINTS 157
QUESTIONS 157
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 158
WEB LINKS 158
6 Social Constructivism 159
Introduction 160
The Rise of Constructivism in IR 160
Constructivism as Social Theory 162
Constructivist Theories of International Relations 166
Cultures of Anarchy 166
Norms of International Society 168
The Power of International Organizations 170
A Constructivist Approach to European Cooperation 171
Domestic Formation of Identity and Norms 173
Critiques of Constructivism 175
The Constructivist Research Programme 178
KEY POINTS 179
QUESTIONS 180
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 180
WEB LINKS 180
7 International Political Economy: Classical Theories 181
Introduction: What is IPE? 182
Mercantilism 184
xiv Detailed Contents
Economic Liberalism 186
Marxism 189
Conclusion , 195
KEY POINTS 196
QUESTIONS 196
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 196
WEB LINKS 197
8 International Pol i t ical Economy: Contemporary Debates 198
The Relationship between Politics and Economics: The Debate on US Hegemonic Stability 199
Development and Underdevelopment in the Third World 205
Economic Globalization and a Changing Role for States 214
Recent Theoretical Developments in IPE 220
Conclusion: The Future of IPE 222
KEY POINTS 223
QUESTIONS 224
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 224
WEB LINKS 224
9 Foreign Pol icy 225
The Concept of Foreign Policy 226
Foreign Policy Analysis 226
How to Study Foreign Policy: A Level-of-Analysis Approach 230
The Systemic Level 231
The Level of the Nation-State 233
The Level of the Individual Decision-maker 237
Going to War in the Persian Gulf: A Case Study 240
A Note on Experts and'Think Tanks' 243
KEY POINTS 247
QUESTIONS 248
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 248
WEB LINKS 248
10 Key Issues in Contemporary IR 249
Introduction 250
International Terrorism 250
Religion in IR: A Clash of Civilizations? 256
The Environment 260
New Patterns of War and Peace: Changes in Statehood 265
Detailed Contents xv
Conclusion 274
KEY POINTS 274
QUESTIONS 275
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 275
WEB LINKS 276
11 Methodological Debates 277
Methodological Debates 278
The Behavioural Revolution 279
The Classical Approach 281
Positivist Methodology in IR 284
Post-positivist Methodologies 286
Critical Theory 286
Postmodernism 288
Normative Theory 291
Explaining IR versus Understanding IR 294
Conclusion 295
KEY POINTS 296
QUESTIONS 297
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING 297
WEB LINKS 298
GLOSSARY 299
REFERENCES 309
INDEX 327
