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7/23/2019 Introduction to Numerical Control.ppt
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12/09/15 IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes - Chapter 3
Numerical Control
1
IE 447IE 447
COMPUTER INTEGRATEDCOMPUTER INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING
CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3
NUMERICAL CONTROLNUMERICAL CONTROL
7/23/2019 Introduction to Numerical Control.ppt
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12/09/15 2IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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'!t Is Nu#er$c!% Co&tro%'!t Is Nu#er$c!% Co&tro%((
An automated manufacturing process in whicha machine tool is controlled;
–
In an ordered sequence – Along a predetermined path – To require dimensions
–
At a specific feed and speed rate – Done through a group of alphanumeric
instructions
7/23/2019 Introduction to Numerical Control.ppt
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12/09/15 3IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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A )e*$&$t$o&+ A )e*$&$t$o&+
Numerical Control is a system in which
actions are controlled by the direct insertion
of numerical data at some point. Thesystem must automatically interpret at least
some portion of the data
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12/09/15 4IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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MACHINE UNIT
NUMERICAL
CONTROLLER
NUMERICAL
DATA
(NC CODE)
MANUFACTURING
OPERATOR
PROCESSEDPART
Drive Control
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12/09/15 5IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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O,ect$.esO,ect$.es
1. Increased production
2. Reduced labor costs
. !a"e production more economical
#. !a"e production $obs easier
%. Do production $obs that are impossiblewithout numeric control
&. Increased accuracy on duplicate parts
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12/09/15 IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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Tye! o" N#$eri%&l ControlTye! o" N#$eri%&l Control
Co&.e&t$o&!% Nu#er$c!% Co&tro% NCCo&.e&t$o&!% Nu#er$c!% Co&tro% NC
)$rect Nu#er$c!% Co&tro% )NC)$rect Nu#er$c!% Co&tro% )NC
Co#"uter Nu#er$c!% Co&tro% )NCCo#"uter Nu#er$c!% Co&tro% )NC
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12/09/15 7IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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Co&.e&t$o&!%Co&.e&t$o&!% Nu#er$c!%Nu#er$c!%
Co&tro% NCCo&tro% NCData is sent to the machine tool by means of
punch cards or tapes. The reader at the
machine performs no calculations orinterpolations.
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12/09/15 IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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)$rect Nu#er$c Co&tro% )NC)$rect Nu#er$c Co&tro% )NC
Is a method where a single computer
controls many numerical control
machine tools. These machine tools mayor may not be of a similar nature
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12/09/15 9IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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Co#"uter Nu#er$c!% Co&tro%Co#"uter Nu#er$c!% Co&tro%
CNCCNCThe idea of computer numerical control is
to position a computer right at the
machine tool. !ost' if not all machine toolsthat are numericaly controlled are ()(
machine tools.
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12/09/15 10IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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!s$c E%e#e&ts o* ! CNC ste#!s$c E%e#e&ts o* ! CNC ste#
COMPUTER
MACHINE
TOOL
MACHINE
CONTROL UNIT
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12/09/15 11IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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Co#"uter Nu#er$c!% Co&tro% CNCCo#"uter Nu#er$c!% Co&tro% CNC
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12/09/15 12IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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A6.!&t!es A6.!&t!es
o Reduces time for
deli*ery of part
Reduces scrap rate ofmaterial
o Reduces tooling costs
o Reduces layout time
o Increases machine
and tool life
o Reduces storage
problems
o +ess setup timeo Reduces actual
machining time
Allows rapid design
changes in part +ess
$igs and fi,tures are
needed
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12/09/15 13IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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L$#$t!t$o&sL$#$t!t$o&s
o High initial investment
!achine tools cost -' / -1'%'
o High maintenance requirements !aintenance personnel must ha*e both
mechanical and electronics e,pertise
o Not cost-effective for low-level production on
simple parts
As geometric comple,ity or *olume increases()( becomes more economical
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12/09/15 14IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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I&6ustr$es Most A**ecte6 ,I&6ustr$es Most A**ecte6 ,
Nu#er$c!% Co&tro%Nu#er$c!% Co&tro%o Aerospace
o !achinery
o 0lectricalo abrication
o Automoti*e
o Instrumentationo !old ma"ing
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12/09/15 15IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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N#$eri%&lly Controlle' M&%ine Tool!N#$eri%&lly Controlle' M&%ine Tool!
Functionally the same as a conventionalmachine tool. The diference is in the way inwhich the various machine functions andslide movements are controlled.The unctions and motions such as;
turning the spindle on and o setting cutting speeds setting feed rate turning coolant on and o moving tool with respect to work part
are perormed by Machine Control Unit(MCU) in NC machine tools.
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12/09/15 1IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
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)$str$,ut$.e Nu#er$c!% Co&tro%)$str$,ut$.e Nu#er$c!% Co&tro%
ecause ()( machine tools ha*e the ability torun multiple programs without being attached to
a centrali3ed computer this enables a centralized
computer to perform many different tas"s.
– +ine balancing
– 4cheduling
– !onitoring
– 5uality
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12/09/15 17IE 447 - CIM Lecture Notes
CA)/CAMCA)/CAMThe idea behind (AD (A! is the use of a
single technical database by a both design a
manufacturing personnel during the product
de*elopment and production stages. – (AD systems are used to define part
geometries
– (A! systems are used to create cutter paths that can be used by the machine tool.