QUATERNARY ECOLOGYCompiled by Dr. Owen Davis (University of Arizona)

Organized by discipline

GENERAL REFERENCESBell M. and Walker, M.J.C. 1992. Late Quaternary Environmental Change. Physical and Human

Perspectives. Longmans, London.Berger, W.H., Imbrie, J., Hays, J., Kukla, G., and Saltzman, B. 1982. Milankovitch and Climate

Understanding the Response to Astronomical Forcing. NATO ASI Series C: Mathemat. and Physical Sci. Vol. 126. 2 vols.

Berger, W.H. and Labeyrie, L.D. (Eds.) 1987. Abrupt Climatic Change. NATO ASI Series C: Mathematics and Physical Science Vol. 216.

Berglund, B.E. 1986. Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology. John Wiley, New York, 869 p.

Berglund, B.E., Birks, H.J.B., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M. & Wright, H.E. (Eds.) 1996. Palaeoecological Events during the last 15000 years. Regional Syntheses of Palaeoecological Studies of Lakes and Mires in Europe. J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester. 764 pp.

Betancourt, JL., Van Devender, T.R., and Martin, P.S. 1990. Packrat Middens The Last 40,000 years of Biotic Change. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, 467 p.

Birks, H.J.B. and Birks, H.H. 1980. Quaternary Palaeoecology. Univ. Park Press, Baltimore,. 289 p. Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D. 1992. Climate Since A.D. 1500. Routledge, New York, 679 p. Broecker, W.S. 1995. The Glacial World According to Wally. Eldigio Press, Lamont-Doherty Earth

Observatory of Columbia University , Palisades, New York, 312 p. plus appendices. Bryant, V.M., Jr. and Holloway, R.G. 1985. Pollen Records of Late-Quaternary North American

Sediments. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas Texas, 423 p. Bull W.B. 1991.Geomorphic Responses to Climatic Change, Oxford University Press. New York, 326 p. Cronin, T.M. 1999. Principles of Paleoclimatology: Perspectives in Paleobiology and Earth History. New

York: Columbia University Press. Viewed online 7/04 at www.earthscape.org/r3/cronin/. Last updated 10/99.

Delcourt, H.R. and Delcourt, P.A. 1991. Quaternary Ecology: A Paleoecological Perspective. Chapman & Hall, New York, 242 p.

Diaz, H.F. and Markgraf, V. 1992. El Niño Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 476 p.

Easterbrook, D.J. Dating Quaternary Sediments. Gelogical Society of America Special Paper 227.Eighmy, J.L. and Sternberg, R.S. 1990. Archaeomagnetic Dating. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 446

p.Faegri, K. and J. Iversen. 1975. Textbook of pollen analysis. Hafner Press, New York, 295 p. Flint, R.F. 1971. Glacial and Quaternary Geology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 892 p.Grayson, D.G. The Desert's Past, A Natural Prehistory of the Great Basin. Smithsonian Press, Washington

D.C., 356 p.Grove, J.M. 1988. The Little Ice Age. Methuen, London, 498 p.Haworth, E.Y. and Lund, J.W.G. 1984. Lake sediments and environmental history Studies in

Palaeolimnology and Palaeoecology in honour of Winifred Tutin. Univ. Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 411 p.

Horowitz, A. 1992. Palynology of Arid Lands. Elseiver, Amsterdam, 546 p.Hecht, A.D. (ed.). 1985. Paleoclimate analysis and modeling. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 445 p.Imbrie, J. and K.P. Imbrie. Ice Ages: solving the mystery. Enslow Publ., Hillside, New Jersey, 224 p. Kurten, B. and E. Anderson. 1980. Pleistocene Mammals of North America. Columbia Univ. Press,

New.York, 442 p.Lamb, H. H. 1977. Climate History and the Future. Princeton Univ. Press, New Jersey, 834 p.Mannion, A.M. 1991. Global Environmental Change a Natural an Cultural Environmental History.

Longman Scientific and Technical, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 404 p.Martin, P.S. and Klein, R.G. 1984. Quaternary Extinctions A Prehistoric Revolution. Univ. Arizona Press,

Tucson, 892 p.Matsch, C.L. 1976. North America and the Great Ice Age. McGraw-Hill, N.Y. 131 p.

Moore, P.D. & Webb, J.A. 1978. An illustrated guide to pollen analysis. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 133 p.

Morrison, R.B. Quaternary Nonglacial Geology: Conterminous U.S. Geological Soc. Amer, Geology of North America (DNAG) V. K-2.

Pielou, E.C. 1991. After The Ice Age: The Return of Life to Glaciated North America. University of Chicago Press. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 366 p.

Rampino, M.R., Sanders, J.E., Newman, W.S., and Konigsson, L.K. (Eds.) 1987. Climate History, Periodicity, and Predictability. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 588 p.

Ruddiman, W.F. and Wright, H.E., Jr. (eds.) 1987. North America and adjacent oceans during the last deglaciation. Geol. Soc. Amer. Geol. North Amer. (DNAG) Vol. K-3.

Rutter, N.W. 1985. Dating Methods of Pleistocene Deposits and Their Problems. Geol. Assoc. Canada Reprint Ser. 2

Waters, M.R. 1992. Principles of Geoarcheology. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, 398 p.West, R.G. 1968. Pleistocene Geology and Biology with Especial Reference to the British Isles. Longmans,

Green & Co Ltd. 377 p.Williams, M., Dunkerley, D., De Decker, P., Kershaw, A. and Stokes.T.1993 Quaternary Environments.

Edward Arnold Publishers, N.Y. 329 p. HISTORY OF PLEISTOCENE STUDYAxelrod, D.I. 1980. Contributions to the Neogene Paleobotany of central California. The Turlock Lake

flora from Stanislaus County. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci. 121:13-60. Crompton, J.S. 2001. Holocene sea-level fluctuations inferred from the evolution of depositional

environments of the southern Langebaan Lagoon salt marsh, South Africa. The Holocene 11: 395-405.

Curray, J.R. 1965. Late Quaternary history, continental shelves of the United States. In: The Quaternary of the United States. H.E. Wright, Jr., and D.G. Frey, (Eds.), pp. 723-735. Princeton University Press.

Evenson, E.B., Farrand, W.B., Eschman, D.F., Mickelson, D.M. and Maher, L.J. 1976. Greatlakean substage: a replacement for Valderan substage in the Lake Michigan Basin. Quaternary Research 6: 411 - 424.

Fillmore, L.R., McKay, E.D., and Lineback. J.A., 1979. Wisconsinan, Sangamonian and Illinoian stratigraphy in central Illinois. Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene 26th Field Conference. May 4-6, 1979.

Knutti, R., Flückiger, J., Stocker, T.F. and Timmermann, A. 2004. Strong hemispheric coupling of glacial climate through freshwater discharge and ocean circulation. Nature 430: 851-856.

Frye, J.C. and Willman, H.B. 1960. Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan glacial lobe. Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285. 16 p.

Gardner, J.V. et al. 1988. Clear Lake record s. the adjacent marine record: a correlation of their past 20,000 years of paleoclimatic and paleooceanographic responses. GSA Spec. Paper 214 171-182.

Jelgersma, S. 1966. Sea-level changes during the last 10,000 years. In: Proceedings, International symposium on World Climates from 8000 B.S. to 0 B.C. pp. 54-71. London: Royal Meteorological Society.

Luternaur, J.L. Clague, J.J., Conway, K.W., Barie, J.V., Blaise, B., and Mathewes, R.W. 1989. Late Pleistocene terrestrial deposits on the continental shelf of western Canada: Evidence for rapid sea-level change at the end of the last glaciation. Geology 17: 357-360.

Miller K.G., Fairbanks, R.G., and Mountain, G.S. 1987. Tertiary oxygen isotope synthesis, sea level height and continental margine erosion. Paleoceanography 2:1-20.

Pierce, K.L, Obradovich, J.D., and Friedman, I. 1976. Obsidian hydration dating and correlation of Bull Lake and Pinedale Glaciations near West Yellowstone, Montana. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 87:703-710.

Ruddiman, W.F. and J.-C. Duplessy. 1985. Conference on the last deglaciation: timing and mechanism. Quat. Res. 23:1-18.

Wolf, J.A. 1993. Tertiary climatic changes at middle latitudes of western North America. Palaeo Palaeo Palaeo 108:195-205.

Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., Billups, K. 2004. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 ma to present Science 292: 686-693.

THE HOLOCENEAntevs, E. 1931. Late-Glacial Correlations and Ice Recession in Manitoba. Geological Survey of Canada

Memoir 168. Antevs, E. 1938. Postpluvial climatic variations in the southwest. Bulletin American Meteorological

Society 19: 30-33. Antevs, E. 1948. The Great Basin, with emphasis on glacial and postglacial times. III Climatic changes and

pre-white man. University of Utah Bulletin 38(20): 168-191.Antevs, E. 1952. Cenozoic climates of the Great Basin. Sonderdruck aus der Geologischen Rundschau Bd.

40, Heft 1. Pp. 94-108.Antevs, E. 1955. Geologic-climatic dating in the west. American Antiquity 20: 317-355.Antevs, E. 1959. Geological age of the Lehner Mammoth site. American Antiquity 24:31-34.Berry. W.B.N. 1968. Growth of a prehistoric time scale based on organic evolution. W.H. Freeman Co.,

San Francisco. 158 p. Blytt, A. 1876. Essay on immigration of the Norwegian flora during alternating rainy and dry periods.

(proposed: Arctic Subarctic Boreal Atlantic Subboreal Subatlantic) Booth, D.B. 1987. Timing and process of deglaciation along the southern margin of the Cordilleran ice

shee. pp. 71-909 in Ruddiman and Wright (DNAG).Broecker, W.S., Kennett, J.P., Flower, B.P., Teller, J.T., Trumbore, S., Bonani, G., and Wolfli, W. 1989.

Nature 341:318-321.Bryan, F. 1986. Interocean exchange of thermocline water and its influence on thermohaline circulation.

Nature 323: 301-304.Cwynar, L.C. and W.A. Watts. 1989. Accelerator-Mass Spectrometer Ages for Late-Glacial events at

Ballybetaugh, Ireland. Quat. Res. 31:377-381.Davis, O.K. 1989. The regionalization of climatic change in western North America. p. 617-636 In: M.

Leinen (Editor) "Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: modern and past patterns of global atmospheric transport." NATO ASI Series D. Reidel Publ.

Davis, O.K. and Sellers, W.D. 1994. Orbital History and seasonality of regional precipitation. In: J.D. Gunn (Editor), Global Climate - Human Life: Physical Contents of Historic Landscapes. Human Ecology 22:97-113.

Davis, O.K., Cutler, A.H., Meldah., K.H., Palacios-Fest, M.R. Schreiber, J.F., Jr., Lock, B.E., Williams, L.J., Lancaster, N., Shaw, C.A., and Sinitiere, S.M. Quaternary Geology of Bahai Adair and the Gran Desierto. Fieldtrip Guide for Fourth Workshop, IGCP 252, March 6-9, 1990, Tucson, AZ. 32 p.

Deevey, E.S. and Flint, R.F. 1957. Postglacial Hypsithermal interval. Science 125:182-184.Denton, G.H. and W. Karlen. 1973. Holocene climatic variations -- their pattern and possible cause. Quat.

Res. 3:155-205. Forbes, E. 1846. On the connection between the distribution of the existing fauna and flora of the British

Isles, and the goelogical changes which have affected their area, especially during the epoch of the Northern Drift. Mem. Geol. Surv. Gr. Brit. 1: 336-432. (Great Britain vegetation migration, pre-glacial warmth)

Gray, A. 1859. The flora of Japan. Scientific papers 1: 123-141. (thermal maximum [Tertiary] warmth) Haynes, C.V., Jr. 1968. Preliminary report on the late Quaternary geology of the San Pedro Valley,

Arizona. Southern Arizona Guidebook, Arizona Geological Society 3:79-96.Harvey, L.D.D. 1989. Modelling the Younger Dryas. Quat Sci Rev 3:137-149Iversen, J. 1956. Forest Clearance in the Stone Age. Scientific American 194: 36-41. Jones, P.D., Osborn, T.J., Briffa, K.R. 2001. The evolution of climate over the last millennium. Science

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revision of the GRIP core age model (Sushma Prasad 9/03) 1. Bjorck, S., Walker, M. J. C., Cwynar, L. C., Johnsen, S., Knudsen, K. L., Lowe, J. J. and Wohlfarth, B.

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DATING OF LATE-QUATERNARY DEPOSITSAnnual Dating Methods

coral layers glacier laminations speleothem layers tree rings sediment varves Varve References

PAGES: Past Global Changes Newsletter. Articles on annual resolution techniques. Varves p.1-4 (v.11), Corals p.9-13(v.), Tree Rings p.15-17 (v. ), Speleothems p. 19-20 (v.12), Ice Cores p.21-26(v.12). Reading PAGES Newsletter Home Page

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States. Science 249:1017-1019.

DATING TECHNIQUESBard, E., B. Hamelin, R.G.Fairbanks, and A.Zindler, 1990. Calibration of the 14C timescale over the past

30,000 years using mass spectrometric U-Th ages from Barbados corals. Nature 345, 405-409. Beck, J.W., Richards, DA, Edwards, RL, Silverman, BW, Smart, PL, Donahue, DJ, Hererra-Osterheld, S.,

Burr, GS, Calsoyas, L., Jull, AJT, Biddulph, 2001. Extremely large variations of atmospheric 14C concentration during the last glacial period. Nature 292: 2453-2457.

Berger, R., Taylor, R.E., and Libby, W.F. 1967. Radiocarbon content of mairne shells from the California and Mexican west coast. Science 158: 864-866.

Bischoff, J.L., N.Soler, J.Maroto and R.E.Julia, 1989. Abrupt Mousterian/Aurignacian Boundary at c.40 ka bp: Accelerator 14C dates from LArbreda Cave (Catalunya, Spain). Journal of Archeological Science 16, 563-576.

Brennan, R. and Quade, J., 1996. Fossil snails in the southern Great Basin: Evidence for reliable land snail ages and constraints on the 14C content of paleogroundwaters. Quaternary Research.

Burchuladze, A.A. Chudy, Eristavi, Pagva, Povinec, Sivo, and Togonidze. Anthropogenic 14C variations in atmospheric CO2 and wines. Radiocarbon 31:771-776.

Dom, R.I., A.J.T. Jull, D.J. Donahue, T.W.Linick, and L.J.Toolin, 1989. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of rock varnish. Geological Society of America Bulletin 101, 1363-1372.

Faure, G., 1986. Chapter 22: Cosmogenic carbon-14 and tritium, pp.386-404 in: Principles of isotope geology 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons: New York: 589 pp. Gillespie, R. and Pollach, H.A., 1979, The Suitability of marine shells for radiocarbon dating of Australian prehistory. In Berger, R. and Suess, H., eds.) Radiocarbon Dating, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference, Los Angeles, Univ. Calif Press, p.404-421.

Gillespie, R. et al., 1992. AMS dating of alluvial sediments on the southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Radiocarbon 34, 29-36

Gillespie, R. et al., 1991. AMS radiocarbon dating in the study of and environments: examples from Lake Eyre, South Australia. Palaeogr. Palaleocl. Palaeoec. 84, 333-338.

Goodfriend, G.A. and J.J.Stipp, 1983. Limestone and the problem of radiocarbon dating of land-snail shell carbonate. Geology 11, 575-577.

Goss-Levi, B, 1990. Uranium-thorium dating sets the clock back on carbon-14 ages. Physics Today, p. 20-21.

Harrison, K. G., W,S.Broecker, and G.Bonani, 1993. The effect of changing land use on soil radiocarbon. Science 262, 725-726.

Levin, I, Schuchard, J., Kromer, B., and , Münnich, K.O. 1989. The Continental European Suess Effect. Radiocarbon 31 (3): 431-441.

Libby, W.F. 1955. Radiocarbon dating. Univ. Chicago Press.Long, A., O.K. Davis, and J.DeLanois, 1992. Separation and 14C dating of pure pollen from lake

sediments: nanofossil AMS dating. Radiocarbon 34(3), 557-560. Riggs, A.C., 1984. Major carbon-14 deficiency in modem snail; shells from Southern Nevada Springs,

Science, 224: 58-6 1.Rooseveldt, A. C. et al., 1996. Paleoindian cave dwellers in the Amazon: the peopling of the Americas.

Science 272, 373-384.Shackleton, N.J., Duplessy, J.-C, Arnold, M., Maurice, P., Hall, M.A., and Cartlidge, J. 1988. Radiocarbon

age of last glacial Pacific deep water. Nature 335:708-711. Sharp, W.D., Ludwig, K.R., Chadwick, O.A., Amundson, R., and Glaser, L.L. 2003. Dating flucial terraces

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Stafford, T.W.Jr., K.Brendel, and R.Duhamel, 1988. Radiocarbon, 13C and 15N analysis of fossil bone: removal of humates with XAD-2 resin. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, 2257-2267.

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temperature change. Science 272, 393-396.Wang, Y. and Amundson, R., 1996. Radiocarbon dating of soil organic matter. Radiocarbon 45., 282-288.

DATING METHODSLuminescence References Aitken, M. J., 1992. Optical dating. Quat. Sci. Reviews 11, 127-132.Aitken, M. J., 1985. Thermoluminescence Dating. Academic Press, New York, 359 p.Berger, G. W., 1988. Dating Quaternary events by luminescence, in Dating Quaternary Sediments (ed. D. J.

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Roberts, R., Jones, R., and Smith, M. A., 1990. TL dating of a 50,000 year old human occupation in northern Australia. Nature 345, 153-156.

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Valladas, H., 1992. TL dating of flint. Quat. Sci. Reviews 11, 1-5.Wintle, A. G. and Packman, S. C., 1988. TL ages for three sections in Hungary. Quat. Sci. Reviews 7, 315-

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Fission Track References Fleischer RL, Price PB and Walker RM 1975 Nuclear tracks in solids: principles and applications . Univ

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Obsidian Hydration References Anovitz, L. M. Elam, J. M., Riciputi, L. R., Cole, D. R. 1999. The failure of obsidian hydration dating:

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Uranium Series References Bischoff, J. L. and Fitzpatrick, J. A., 1991. U-series dating of impure carbonates: an isochron technique

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Lao, Y. and Benson, L., 1988. Uranium-Series age estimates and paleoclimatic significance of Pleistocene tufas from the Lahontan Basin, California and Nevada. Quaternary Research 30, 165-176.

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PALEOMAGNETIC TIME SCALEBercovici, D., Schubert, G., Glatzmaier, G.A. 1989. Three-dimensional spherical models of convection in

the Earth's mantle. Science 244:950-955.Brandsma, D. Lund, S.P., and Henyey, T.L. 1989. Paleomagnetism of late Quaternary marine sediments

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LICHENOMETRYArmstrong, R.A. 1983. Growth curve of the lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum. New Phytologist 94:619-

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VOLCANIC TEPHRA STUDIESBuillie, M.G.L. and Munro. M.F.R. 1988. Irish tree rings, Santorini, and Volcanic dust veils. Nature

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radiocarbon dating and varve chronology of lake Soppensee: 6000 to 12,000 14C years BP. Climate Dynamics 9:107-116. LST and varved seds Ave age 11,230±40

Hammer, C.U., Clausen, H.B. and Dansgaard., W. 1980. Greenland ice sheet evidence of post-glacial volcanism and its climatic impact. Nature (London) 288:230-235.

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Lynn, M., Paladio-Melosantos, L.O., Solidum, R.U., Scott, W.E., Quiambao, R.B. Umbal, J.V., Rodolfo, K.S., Tubianosa, B.S., Delos Reyes, P.J., Alonso, R.A. and Ruelo, H.B. 1992. Tephra Falls of the 1991 Eruptions of Mount Pinatubo. Viewed online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/paladio/. Last updated June 11, 1999.

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Onken, J. 1991. The effect of microenvironmental temperature variation on the hydration of late Holocene Mono Craters Volcanic ashes from East-Central California. MS Thesis, Univ. Arizona, 12 pp, 7 fig.

Oviatt, C.G. and Nash, W.P. 1989. Late Pleistocene basaltic ash and volcanic eruptions in the Bonneville basin, Utah. GSA Bull. 101 292-303.

Petit, J, M. Brain and Royer, A. 1981. Ice age aerosol content from east Antarctic ice core samples and past wind strength. Nature (London) 293:391-394.

Porter, S.C. 1986. Pattern and forcing of northern hemisphere glacier variations during the last millennium. Quat. Res. 26:27-48.

Rampino, M.R., Self, S. and Fairbridge, R.W. 1979. Can rapid climatic change cause volcanic eruptions. Science 206:826-829.

Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. et al. 1988. Tephrachronologic studies of sediment cores from Walker Lake, Nevada. USGS Open File Report 88-548.

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