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INTRODUCTIO N TO RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTUR E Technology Intensive Concurrent Enrollment MODULE 12 ELEVATIONS

INTRODUCTION TO RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE

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INTRODUCTION TO RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE. T echnology I ntensive C oncurrent E nrollment. 12.1 Introduction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: INTRODUCTION TO  RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE

INTRODUCTION TO

RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE

Technology

Intensive

Concurrent

Enrollment

MODULE 12ELEVATIONS

Page 2: INTRODUCTION TO  RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE

MODULE 12 Elevations

12.1 Introduction   Elevations are the part of a set of drawings that shows the exterior of a building. Typically all four sides of a building are shown on the elevation plans.  Each elevation view is an orthographic projection from the floor plan. Elevations are used to show vertical relationships including finish grade, floor lines, ceiling lines, foundation and footing depths, roof pitch, roof heights and chimney heights.  Exterior finish materials are also shown on the elevation plan; they include roof coverings, wall coverings, doors and windows. 

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12.2 Outcome Upon completion of this module you will be able to develop exterior elevations from a floor plan that shows the final appearance of a building including materials, height dimensions, and labeling, by completing the review questions, worksheets/ quizzes, application assignments and comprehensive module assessment. 

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 12.3 Objectives and Key Concepts 1. Demonstrate proper use of elevation terminology by completing  matching 

quiz with a proficiency of 80%.

2. Correctly identify roof types, surface materials, and all elements of an elevation plan with a proficiency of 80%

3. Demonstrate understanding of materials, dimensions, methods, procedures with CAD or BIM software by producing four elevations for the course project house.

 

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 Key Concepts

1. What are the purposes of elevation plans?2. Why are elevation plans important?3. What is needed on an elevation plan? 4. How many elevations are typically needed? Name them…5. What different types of lines are used on elevations?6. Roof coverings-What are your favorites?7. Wall coverings-What are your favorites?8. What type of windows do you like?9. Gable vs Hip which do you like?10. Who looks at the elevation plans?

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.4 Terms to KnowAs you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. Graphic Example Term   Definition

  Elevation

Drawing that is created from the floorplan as an orthographic projection showing the exterior features of a building.

Finish Grade Line The surface of the ground around the house. Used as the reference on Elevation drawings

Bay Window Any Window space extending outward from the walls of a building. They can be either square or polygonal on the floor plan. 

Dormer Allows for natural light and increases the amount of usable space above the main floor.

Chimney An upright structure containing a flue that passes smoke and gasses from fireplaces, wood burning stoves etc. to the outside of the house .

Ridge The top edge of the roof where two slopes meet.

Fascia BoardA horizontal board nailed to the end or rafters or trusses to hide their ends.

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.4 Terms to KnowAs you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. 

Graphic Example Term  (Figure 3.3) Definition

  Valley

The internal angle formed by the junction of two sloping sides of a roof. 

Sky Light A window located on the roof.

Pitch The slope of a roof usually expressed as a ratio.

Hip Roof   A roof with the ends inclined, as well as the sides

(The fascia board stays horizontal)

Gable Roof A type of roof with two sloping surfaces that intersect at the ridge of the structure.

(Fascia board is angled)

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.4 Terms to Know (Roof coverings)As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. 

Graphic Example Term  (Figure 3.3) Definition

Asphalt Shingles

They are one of the most widely used roofing covers because they are relatively inexpensive and fairly simple to install.Made from asphalt –saturated felt with mineral granules

Shake ShinglesWooden roof shingle made from spit logs

Concrete or Ceramic TileRoof covering made from fired clay tiles

Metal Roof covering made from metal pieces or tiles.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_roof

Slate  Roof covering made up of slate tiles.  Slate is a rock that has been split into thin layers 

Built upTypically usually flat or slightly sloped roof that is covered with a special material applied in sealed, waterproof layers. 

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.4 Terms to Know (Wall Coverings)As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. 

Graphic Example Term  (Figure 3.3) Definition

  Brick Veneer

Non load bearing  cosmetic wall covering using bricks and mortar.  

Stucco A coating applied to the outside of a structure, most commonly refers to plaster made with Portland cement.

Cultured (synthetic) Stone (Rock)

Cast stone is defined as "a refined architectural concrete building unit manufactured to simulate natural cut stone, used in unit masonry applications". ...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured_stone

  WainscotSurfacing on the lower part of a wall that is different from the rest of the wall.

Siding: Vinyl, Wood, Aluminum 

  The finish covering on the outside wall, can be made from many different materials and applied in different patterns and directions

Louver Vent

Roof Vent

An opening in a gable or roof designed as to permit ventilation but exclude rain.

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MODULE 12 Elevations

 12.4 Terms to Know (Windows)As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. 

Graphic Example Term  (Figure 3.3) Definition

 Fixed (Picture) Window that does not move or open

Sliding A window that opens by sliding horizontally

Double or single hung

A window that opens by sliding vertically

Casement A window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges

Ca Awning   A window that is hinged at the bottom and opens inward from the top - the reverse of hopper windows.

Hopper   A windows that is hinged at the bottom and opens inward from the top - the reverse of awning windows.

Center Pivot  A windows that is hinged in the middle and opens d from the center

Jalousie A window which consists of parallel glass, acrylic, or wooden louvers set in a frame. The louvers are locked together onto a track, so that they may be tilted open and shut in unison, to control airflow through the window.

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 12.5 Introduction to Elevations 

• What is an Elevation Drawing?• What is the purpose of Elevation plans?• What are the required elements of an Elevation?• Who needs them?• How do we draw them?

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.5.1 What is an elevation drawing• Orthographic projection of each side of the house

• What does that mean

Floor plan

Projection lines

Front Elevation

Rear Elevation

Righ

t Sid

e El

evati

on

Left

Side

Ele

vatio

n

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MODULE 12 Elevations

 12.5.2 What is the purpose of an elevation drawing• Show the finished exterior of the building• Show Height dimensions

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 12.5.3 What are the required elements needed

Show all four sides- Show other views as necessary

Identify specific sidesPrinted at a scale of ¼”=1’-0”

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 12.5.3 Required ElementsHorizontal Lines on an Elevation  

Finish Grade lineReference point for most elevations

Top of foundation

Floor line (Center line)

Ceiling Line (Center Line)

Bottom of foundation Bottom of footing

Basement floor

Garage foundation and footing

Top of Windowsand doors

Ridge lineRoof Slope symbol

All lines below grade use a hidden line

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 12.5.3 Required ElementsRelay information  

MODULE 12 Elevations

Any line below grade use a hidden line

Brick Veneer(Interpace-Old english)

Asphalt ShinglesTombstone louver 

Cultured Stone

Precast decorative header over doors and windows

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MODULE 12 Elevations

 12.5.3 Required ElementsShow vertical height dimensions

 

Verti

cal h

eigh

t dim

ensio

ns

Frost Depth minimum 3’ below grade line

Top of foundation minimum 8” above grade line

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.5.3 Required ElementsChimneys  

2’ above ridge line  

or

10’ away from any slope

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MODULE 12 Elevations

 12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plans

Buyer/OwnerContractor

Sub-ContractorsTruss manufacturerEngineer

Inspector/Plan check

Others???

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plansQuality control

Look at first elevation

Now look at second elevation what is missing? 

Click on the elevation for a short explanation

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plansChanging Elevations

What changes were made • End gables on left to hip on right• Front gables on left• Brick arch • Partial wainscot with stucco on left full brick front on right• Plans have been mirrored 

Click for narration

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MODULE 12 Elevations

 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What is a Gable roof?A type of roof with two sloping surfaces that intersect at the ridge of the structure.

(Fascia board is angled) 

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What is a hip roof?

A roof with the ends inclined, as well as the sides

(The fascia board stays horizontal)

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 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What are dormers?

Allows natural light and increases the amount of usable space above the main floor.

May be decorative only

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 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology

 What are skylights?

Window in the roof that allows additional natural light into the house.

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MODULE 12 Elevations

 12.5.6 Surface Materials (Masonry)• Brick Veneer• Stone Click on the arched

window

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MODULE 12 Elevations

 12.5.6 Surface Materials• Stucco• Cultured (synthetic) Stone

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 12.5.6 Surface Materials Siding• Vinyl• Aluminum• Fiber cement• Natural (wood)

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.5.6 Roof Coverings  

Asphalt shingles

Slate

Metal Tile

Shake wood shingles

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MODULE 12 Elevations 

12.5.6 WindowsCan you find each of the windows on the left in the different pictures 

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MODULE 12 Elevations

 12.5.7 Interactive activity

Exterior ExplorationUsing one of the websites below create an exterior design of your choice.

 Exterior Portfolio website

James Hardie Exterior Design website

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MODULE 12 Elevations

 12.7 Summary

• An Elevation is an orthographic projection from the floor plan• An Elevation shows what the outside of the house looks like• An Elevation shows vertical height dimensions usually on the front view • 4 Elevations are usually shown on a set of plans 

Front, Rear, Right Side, Left Side• Elevations are typically printed at ¼”= 1’-0”• Used to relay information- Heights, Roof and Wall coverings, • Lines below finish grade are drawn using hidden lines• Floor and Ceiling lines drawn using center lines• Finish grade is used as a reference on an elevation