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INTRODUCTION TO RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE. T echnology I ntensive C oncurrent E nrollment. 12.1 Introduction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INTRODUCTION TO
RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE
Technology
Intensive
Concurrent
Enrollment
MODULE 12ELEVATIONS
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.1 Introduction Elevations are the part of a set of drawings that shows the exterior of a building. Typically all four sides of a building are shown on the elevation plans. Each elevation view is an orthographic projection from the floor plan. Elevations are used to show vertical relationships including finish grade, floor lines, ceiling lines, foundation and footing depths, roof pitch, roof heights and chimney heights. Exterior finish materials are also shown on the elevation plan; they include roof coverings, wall coverings, doors and windows.
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.2 Outcome Upon completion of this module you will be able to develop exterior elevations from a floor plan that shows the final appearance of a building including materials, height dimensions, and labeling, by completing the review questions, worksheets/ quizzes, application assignments and comprehensive module assessment.
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.3 Objectives and Key Concepts 1. Demonstrate proper use of elevation terminology by completing matching
quiz with a proficiency of 80%.
2. Correctly identify roof types, surface materials, and all elements of an elevation plan with a proficiency of 80%
3. Demonstrate understanding of materials, dimensions, methods, procedures with CAD or BIM software by producing four elevations for the course project house.
MODULE 12 Elevations
Key Concepts
1. What are the purposes of elevation plans?2. Why are elevation plans important?3. What is needed on an elevation plan? 4. How many elevations are typically needed? Name them…5. What different types of lines are used on elevations?6. Roof coverings-What are your favorites?7. Wall coverings-What are your favorites?8. What type of windows do you like?9. Gable vs Hip which do you like?10. Who looks at the elevation plans?
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.4 Terms to KnowAs you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. Graphic Example Term Definition
Elevation
Drawing that is created from the floorplan as an orthographic projection showing the exterior features of a building.
Finish Grade Line The surface of the ground around the house. Used as the reference on Elevation drawings
Bay Window Any Window space extending outward from the walls of a building. They can be either square or polygonal on the floor plan.
Dormer Allows for natural light and increases the amount of usable space above the main floor.
Chimney An upright structure containing a flue that passes smoke and gasses from fireplaces, wood burning stoves etc. to the outside of the house .
Ridge The top edge of the roof where two slopes meet.
Fascia BoardA horizontal board nailed to the end or rafters or trusses to hide their ends.
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.4 Terms to KnowAs you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below.
Graphic Example Term (Figure 3.3) Definition
Valley
The internal angle formed by the junction of two sloping sides of a roof.
Sky Light A window located on the roof.
Pitch The slope of a roof usually expressed as a ratio.
Hip Roof A roof with the ends inclined, as well as the sides
(The fascia board stays horizontal)
Gable Roof A type of roof with two sloping surfaces that intersect at the ridge of the structure.
(Fascia board is angled)
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.4 Terms to Know (Roof coverings)As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below.
Graphic Example Term (Figure 3.3) Definition
Asphalt Shingles
They are one of the most widely used roofing covers because they are relatively inexpensive and fairly simple to install.Made from asphalt –saturated felt with mineral granules
Shake ShinglesWooden roof shingle made from spit logs
Concrete or Ceramic TileRoof covering made from fired clay tiles
Metal Roof covering made from metal pieces or tiles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_roof
Slate Roof covering made up of slate tiles. Slate is a rock that has been split into thin layers
Built upTypically usually flat or slightly sloped roof that is covered with a special material applied in sealed, waterproof layers.
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.4 Terms to Know (Wall Coverings)As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below.
Graphic Example Term (Figure 3.3) Definition
Brick Veneer
Non load bearing cosmetic wall covering using bricks and mortar.
Stucco A coating applied to the outside of a structure, most commonly refers to plaster made with Portland cement.
Cultured (synthetic) Stone (Rock)
Cast stone is defined as "a refined architectural concrete building unit manufactured to simulate natural cut stone, used in unit masonry applications". ...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured_stone
WainscotSurfacing on the lower part of a wall that is different from the rest of the wall.
Siding: Vinyl, Wood, Aluminum
The finish covering on the outside wall, can be made from many different materials and applied in different patterns and directions
Louver Vent
Roof Vent
An opening in a gable or roof designed as to permit ventilation but exclude rain.
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.4 Terms to Know (Windows)As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below.
Graphic Example Term (Figure 3.3) Definition
Fixed (Picture) Window that does not move or open
Sliding A window that opens by sliding horizontally
Double or single hung
A window that opens by sliding vertically
Casement A window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges
Ca Awning A window that is hinged at the bottom and opens inward from the top - the reverse of hopper windows.
Hopper A windows that is hinged at the bottom and opens inward from the top - the reverse of awning windows.
Center Pivot A windows that is hinged in the middle and opens d from the center
Jalousie A window which consists of parallel glass, acrylic, or wooden louvers set in a frame. The louvers are locked together onto a track, so that they may be tilted open and shut in unison, to control airflow through the window.
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5 Introduction to Elevations
• What is an Elevation Drawing?• What is the purpose of Elevation plans?• What are the required elements of an Elevation?• Who needs them?• How do we draw them?
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.1 What is an elevation drawing• Orthographic projection of each side of the house
• What does that mean
Floor plan
Projection lines
Front Elevation
Rear Elevation
Righ
t Sid
e El
evati
on
Left
Side
Ele
vatio
n
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.2 What is the purpose of an elevation drawing• Show the finished exterior of the building• Show Height dimensions
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.3 What are the required elements needed
Show all four sides- Show other views as necessary
Identify specific sidesPrinted at a scale of ¼”=1’-0”
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.3 Required ElementsHorizontal Lines on an Elevation
Finish Grade lineReference point for most elevations
Top of foundation
Floor line (Center line)
Ceiling Line (Center Line)
Bottom of foundation Bottom of footing
Basement floor
Garage foundation and footing
Top of Windowsand doors
Ridge lineRoof Slope symbol
All lines below grade use a hidden line
12.5.3 Required ElementsRelay information
MODULE 12 Elevations
Any line below grade use a hidden line
Brick Veneer(Interpace-Old english)
Asphalt ShinglesTombstone louver
Cultured Stone
Precast decorative header over doors and windows
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.3 Required ElementsShow vertical height dimensions
Verti
cal h
eigh
t dim
ensio
ns
Frost Depth minimum 3’ below grade line
Top of foundation minimum 8” above grade line
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.3 Required ElementsChimneys
2’ above ridge line
or
10’ away from any slope
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plans
Buyer/OwnerContractor
Sub-ContractorsTruss manufacturerEngineer
Inspector/Plan check
Others???
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plansQuality control
Look at first elevation
Now look at second elevation what is missing?
Click on the elevation for a short explanation
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plansChanging Elevations
What changes were made • End gables on left to hip on right• Front gables on left• Brick arch • Partial wainscot with stucco on left full brick front on right• Plans have been mirrored
Click for narration
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What is a Gable roof?A type of roof with two sloping surfaces that intersect at the ridge of the structure.
(Fascia board is angled)
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What is a hip roof?
A roof with the ends inclined, as well as the sides
(The fascia board stays horizontal)
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What are dormers?
Allows natural light and increases the amount of usable space above the main floor.
May be decorative only
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.5 Elevation Terminology
What are skylights?
Window in the roof that allows additional natural light into the house.
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.6 Surface Materials (Masonry)• Brick Veneer• Stone Click on the arched
window
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.6 Surface Materials• Stucco• Cultured (synthetic) Stone
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.6 Surface Materials Siding• Vinyl• Aluminum• Fiber cement• Natural (wood)
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.6 Roof Coverings
Asphalt shingles
Slate
Metal Tile
Shake wood shingles
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.6 WindowsCan you find each of the windows on the left in the different pictures
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.5.7 Interactive activity
Exterior ExplorationUsing one of the websites below create an exterior design of your choice.
Exterior Portfolio website
James Hardie Exterior Design website
MODULE 12 Elevations
12.7 Summary
• An Elevation is an orthographic projection from the floor plan• An Elevation shows what the outside of the house looks like• An Elevation shows vertical height dimensions usually on the front view • 4 Elevations are usually shown on a set of plans
Front, Rear, Right Side, Left Side• Elevations are typically printed at ¼”= 1’-0”• Used to relay information- Heights, Roof and Wall coverings, • Lines below finish grade are drawn using hidden lines• Floor and Ceiling lines drawn using center lines• Finish grade is used as a reference on an elevation