Welcome to Introduction to

Safety & Health Management

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Objectives

At the end of the workshop, you will be able to:

1. Explain the benefits of implementing a safety and health management system.

2. Identify the core elements of an effective safety and health management system.

3. Describe the key processes in each program element.

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Why Should Employees be Involved?

• Workers know potential hazards and have a vested interest in effective protection.

• Group input provides a wider range of experience.

• Employees are more likely to support and use programs in which they have input.

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OSHA’s Safety and Health System Model

MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP &

EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT

WORKSITE ANALYSIS

HAZARD PREVENTION & CONTROL

TRAINING

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Direct Costs are the Tip of the Iceberg

DIRECT

INDIRECT

Direct Costs:

-Medical treatment

-Physician

-Hospital

-Ambulance

-Indemnity

(compensation to

injured)

Indirect costs:

-Training and compensating replacement workers

-Spoiled product

-Cleaning time

-Repair of damaged property

-Investigation of accident

-Schedule delays

- Poorer customer relations

-Legal fees, etc.

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Safety & Health Culture

• All individuals within the organization believe

they have a right to a safe and healthy

workplace

• Each employee accepts personal

responsibility for ensuring his or her own

safety and health.

• Everyone believes he or she has a duty to

protect the safety and health of others.

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Accountability System

• Established standards

• Resources

• A measurement system

• Consequences

• Application

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1. A clear, simple expression of concern for employee safety and health;

2. A stated purpose or philosophy;

3. A summary statement about the responsibilities of management;

4. A summary of the role of employees; and

5. A closing statement.

Safety & Health

Policy

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To Identify Worksite Hazards

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Workplace Hazard

A "hazard“ is:

An unsafe

that could cause injury or illness to an employee.

or

CONDITION

PRACTICE

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Four Categories of Hazards

M____

E_____

E____

P_____

aterials

nvironment

quipment

eople

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Program Element 1 – Management Leadership &

Employee Involvement

• Management leadership - Motivating

force and resources

• Employee involvement - Means

through which employees express their

own commitment to safety and health

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1. Management Leadership and

Employee Involvement

– Policy, Goal and Objectives

– How visible and effective is management leadership?

– How effective is employee involvement in identifying safety and health problems and in finding solutions?

– How clearly is responsibility for safety and health assigned?

– Are adequate authority and resources allocated to the program?

– Are all employees held accountable for their responsibilities?

– How does the management system assure that only safe contractors come on the site and that they are held responsible for safety and health while working on the site?

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Element 2- Worksite Analysis

• Employees,

including managers,

analyze all worksite

conditions to identify

and eliminate

existing or potential

hazards.

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– Have comprehensive surveys been done?

– Have pre-use analyses been done before purchase and installation of new equipment, processes, and materials?

– Are routine hazard analyses being done and used effectively?

– Are periodic site inspections being done as scheduled, and are existing hazards being found?

– Is the system for employees to report hazards effective?

– Are all near-misses, incidents, and accidents reported immediately, and investigated effectively?

– Are the results of all worksite analyses being tracked to resolution?

2. Worksite Analysis

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Job Hazard Analysis

• What can go wrong?

• What are the consequences?

• How could it happen?

• What are other contributing factors?

• How likely is it that the hazard will occur?

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Hazard Analysis Grinding Iron Castings

• Step 1 – Reach into

metal box to right of

machine, grasp casting,

and carry to wheel.

• Step 2 – Push casting

against wheel to grind

off burr.

• Step 3 – Place finished

casting in box to left of

machine.

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JSA -Additional Hazards & Controls

Potential Hazard Recommended Job

Procedure

b. Contact with sharp burrs

and edges of castings can

cause severe lacerations.

1. Use a device as a clamp to pick up

castings.

2. Wear cut-resistant gloves that

allow a good grip and fit tightly to

minimize the chance that they will get

caught in grinding wheel.

c. Strains to lower back from

reaching, twisting, and lifting

15-pound castings from the

floor.

1. Remove castings from the ground

and place them closer to the work

zone to minimize lifting. Ideally, place

them at waist height or on an

adjustable platform or pallet.

2. Train workers not to twist while

lifting and reconfigure work station to

minimize twisting during lifts.

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Element 3 –

Hazard Prevention and Control

• Hierarchy of Controls

• Engineering controls

•Administrative procedures and safe work practices

• Personal protective equipment (PPE)

• Systems to identify, track and correct hazard

• Preventive maintenance systems

• Emergency plans

• Medical programs

Systems used to prevent and control hazards include:

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3. Hazard Prevention and Control

– Are engineering, work practice and administrative

controls in place and effective?

– Is the availability, use, and maintenance of PPE

appropriate?

– Is the preventive maintenance system working

well?

– Have emergency drills been conducted and

critiqued?

– Is the medical program adequate and effective?

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Five Principles of Teaching and Learning

• Employees should understand purpose of training

• Organize information to maximize effectiveness

• Immediately practice and apply new knowledge and skills

• As employees, practice, feedback needed

• Effective training incorporates a variety of methods

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Element 4 – Safety and Health Training

• Education tells Why

• Training shows How

• Experience improves Skills

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4. Training

– Is appropriate training being conducted?

– Are employees learning what they should?

– Are any unsafe work practices being used?

– Are training records easily accessible and

complete?

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Safety & Health Inspections

• Cover entire

worksite

• Regular intervals

• Inspectors trained

• Hazards tracked to

correction

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Sample Inspection Report

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Inspection Report

Date: Inspection Team:

Number &

Classification

Findings

Hazard Classification

A = Loss of life, body part, extensive damage

B = Serious injury or property damage

C = Non-disabling injury or minor damage

Exit blocked by boxes and other storage. Could lead to

death/serious injury in case of fire or other emergency. 1 A

2 B Chain and sprocket with guard removed. Could cause

amputation or other injury.

3 B Overhead storage area with no guardrail or toeboard. Falling

hazard for those on upper level. Also, boxes could fall from

upper level onto those below.

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1

29

300

Serious Injury

Minor Injury

Near Miss Incidents

Heinrich’s Accident Pyramid

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Accident Investigation Procedures

1. A clear policy statement.

2. Identification of employees authorized to notify outside agencies (fire, police, etc.).

3. Designation and training of employees responsible to investigate accidents.

4. Timetables for conducting the investigation and follow-up.

5. Identification of employees who will receive the report and take corrective action.

•

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Causes of Injuries, Illnesses and Accidents

• Direct Causes

• Indirect Causes

• Root Causes

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Ike on Loan Answers

• Direct causes – Brakes failed and Ike drove off end of dock.

• Indirect causes (Unsafe acts or conditions) – Not inspecting vehicle before operation; vehicle driven without sufficient brake fluid; protective barrier removed from dock.

• Root Causes (Management system weaknesses) – Inadequate selection of employee by management; Ineffective training program; Maintenance program/procedures inadequate; Ineffective inspection program.

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Control Measures?

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Control Measures?

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Emergency Action Plan

• Survey of possible emergencies

• Planning actions to reduce impact on

the workplace

• Employee information and training

• Emergency drills as needed

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Medical Programs

• Size and complexity of a medical program

depends on:ide • Type of processes and materials and the

related hazards,

• Type of facilities,

• Number of workers,

• Characteristics of the workforce, and

• Location of each operation and its proximity to a health care facility.

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Safety and Health Program Evaluation

• All evaluations should

involve:

– A review of documents

– Employee interviews

– A site tour

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Summary

This workshop has covered:

• The benefits of implementing a safety

and health management system;

• The core elements of an effective safety

and health management system; and,

• The key processes within each program

element.