Introduction to Security

1Introduction to SecurityChapter 10When Prevention Fails: Investigating, Reporting and Testifying

2Responsibilities of InvestigatorsProvide emergency assistance if neededSecure the area of the incidentGather evidence and informationRecord information in photos, video, notes and reportsUse polygraph in accordance with the Employee Polygraph Protection ActTestify in civil and criminal courts

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4Investigating AccidentsAny unplanned event that results in personal injury or property damageFinding the cause of an accident is usually the main goal of the investigation.

5Investigating Accidents

6Investigating Complaints of Sexual HarassmentDefined as: unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical contact of a sexual nature madeas a condition of employment.Managers must be aware of what does and does not comprise sexual harassment.

7Investigating Complaints of Sexual Harassment2 conditions :It must occur in the workplace or an extension of the workplaceMust be of a sexual nature that is non-consensual

8Investigating Complaints of Sexual HarassmentSexual harassment often involves one persons word against another's.The investigator's role is to determine who is being truthful.

9A Sampling of Suggestions for Investigating Complaints of Sexual Harassment:Determine the relationship between the victim and suspectDetermine the exact nature of the harassmentDetermine how long it has been occurringFind out if there were any witnessesDetermine if there have there been other complaintsObtain both versionsRefer to the appropriate person or agency

10Obtaining Evidence in an InvestigationMaintain the chain of custody of ALL evidence in the investigationChain of Custody: documentation who has possessed the evidence, and when, since we came into possession of it

11Obtaining Evidence in an InvestigationCommunication Skills: Interviewing a controlled conversation with witnesses to, or victims of, a crimeInterrogation a controlled conversation with persons suspected of being involved in a crime

12Obtaining Evidence in an InvestigationWhen conducting interrogations, security personnel need to know how Miranda applies to them in their jurisdiction.Some jurisdictions state that security personnel do not need to give Miranda warnings to suspects.Other courts have ruled that private security officers must give Miranda, as they are in reality trying to enforce the law.

13Non-verbal communicationNon-verbal communication can be just as informative as verbal communication.Examples:A persons attireEye movementsFacial expressionsPostureGesturesToneProximityTouch

14Non-verbal communicationKeeping alert, and educating yourself and your staff on what to look for, can be very beneficial when dealing with people.

15The Importance of ListeningToo often, people hear but do not actually listen. Listening tips:Be interested in the person and the messageBe less self-centeredDo not let personal biases turn you offPrepare to listen keep an open mind

16Taking NotesTaking notes is mandatory when conducting investigations.They are a permanent aid to your memory NEVER trust just your memory.Good note-taking is just as much a skill as good writing. You need to practice to be good.

17ABCs of Note TakingA Accuracy Accuracy is imperative; you cant write a good report if you dont take accurate notes.You ensure accuracy by repeating information back, spelling names and verifying numbers.

18ABCs of Note TakingB - BrevityBrevity means concisenessAccomplished by omitting articles such as a, an and the, as well as other unnecessary wordsUsing common abbreviations is also another way to accomplish this.

19ABCs of Note TakingC - ClarityThis is recording specific, concrete, objective facts.This is aided by using diagrams and sketches.Minimal reference to opinions or speculationWrite legibly!

20Well-Written Report CharacteristicsA well-written report has many of the same characteristics as well-written notes.

21Well-Written Report CharacteristicsFactualAccurateObjectiveCompleteConciseClearMechanically CorrectLegible

22Testifying in CourtThe importance of effective investigation and quality reports is highlighted in court.It is critical that personnel be properly and fully prepared for their court appearance.

23Testifying in CourtPreparing for Court:Attend court sessions in advance to become familiar with the atmosphere and operation of the courtroom.Review reportsDress ProfessionallyAct Professionally Respond respectfully (Yes, your honor; Yes, Sir; Yes, maam)

24Testifying in CourtCourt Terminology:Interrogatories: a series of questions a defendant is asked to respond toDeposition: a minitrial where the defendants statements are recorded verbatimImpeaching the witness efforts taken by the defense attorney to discredit a witnesss testimonyBench trial a trial in front of a judge only, no jury

25Testifying in CourtCourt Terminology:Direct examination initial questioning of a witness or defendant by the lawyer on their sideCross-examination questioning by the opposing side

26Testifying in CourtGuidelines for effective testimony:Speak clearly and firmlyAnswer questions directly. Do not volunteer information.Pause briefly before answering.Refer to your notes if you do not recall exact details.

27Testifying in CourtUnder crossexamination, be prepared for:The defense attorney to be disarmingly friendly or intimidatingly rudeAttack your skill or credibilityDeliberately misquote youAsk for a simple answer to a complex questionUse rapid-fire questioningUse the silent treatment