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INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGY
Defined & the three Defined & the three perspectivesperspectives
WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
The science that studies The science that studies human social behavior & human social behavior & group interaction.group interaction.
AND...AND...
Behavior within a group is Behavior within a group is learned or socializedlearned or socialized
Group membership determines Group membership determines viewpoint or perspectiveviewpoint or perspective
We are all “ social animals” or We are all “ social animals” or social beingssocial beings
Our actions need to be viewed Our actions need to be viewed within the societal contextwithin the societal context
Activity- Who will survive…Activity- Who will survive…
Related to perspectives in Sociology Related to perspectives in Sociology on Fridayon Friday
Theoretical Perspectives & Theoretical Perspectives & SuicideSuicide
Why do people commit suicide?Why do people commit suicide?List 5 reasons/DiscussList 5 reasons/DiscussWhy is suicide rate higher in in teens Why is suicide rate higher in in teens
in Japan vs the United States?in Japan vs the United States?
StructuralismStructuralism Structuralism Structuralism
TheoriesTheories Structuralist theories are Structuralist theories are
based on the idea that based on the idea that individuals are individuals are molded and shaped by molded and shaped by societysociety
We are limited by the We are limited by the norms and values of our norms and values of our society that we have society that we have been socialized into.been socialized into.
Ex: Man is a caged birdEx: Man is a caged bird Society therefore Society therefore
controls the individual.controls the individual.
The Consensus PerspectiveThe Consensus Perspective
Society is a set of interrelated Society is a set of interrelated systems that work to produce a systems that work to produce a stable social system.stable social system.
Society works through Society works through consensus.consensus.
Most People agree on what is Most People agree on what is best for society and work best for society and work together to better society.together to better society.
Functionalist PerspectiveFunctionalist Perspective
Emile Durkheim ,Max Weber, Emile Durkheim ,Max Weber, Auguste ComteAuguste Comte
All Parts of societies are institutionsAll Parts of societies are institutions - Institutions ( family , school) are - Institutions ( family , school) are
interrelated and work together to interrelated and work together to form a society.form a society.
-Society may not operate effectively- -Society may not operate effectively- dysfunction may occur.dysfunction may occur.
Ex- divorce, failures, crimeEx- divorce, failures, crime
FUNCTIONALISTFUNCTIONALIST
EX: HousingEX: HousingManifest- Manifest- ShelterShelterLatent-Latent-Status, Status,
Wealth, Social Wealth, Social StandingStanding
THE CONFLICT PERSPECTIVETHE CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE
Focus on forces in society that Focus on forces in society that promote competition and change.promote competition and change.
Conflict arises over competition for Conflict arises over competition for scare resources.scare resources.
Groups are Groups are oppressed oppressed (kept without (kept without power and controlled). power and controlled).
Examples:Examples:
CONFLICTCONFLICT
EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: Powerful Powerful
establish rulesestablish rulesControl Control
resourcesresourcesRich vs. PoorRich vs. Poor
Marxism & Feminism Marxism & Feminism
Karl Marx Karl Marx Ideas were political and economicIdeas were political and economicMarxist viewpoints: Marxist viewpoints: One group in society – the bourgeoisie One group in society – the bourgeoisie
(upper/middle class) – are more (upper/middle class) – are more powerful. powerful.
This power is economic (based on This power is economic (based on wealth) – ie they are richer and own the wealth) – ie they are richer and own the businesses in society and therefore get businesses in society and therefore get the profits that businesses make. the profits that businesses make.
Marx continued…Marx continued…
To stay in power the bourgeoisie need To stay in power the bourgeoisie need to control and exploit the to control and exploit the proletariat proletariat (working class) (working class) Marxists argue that they do this by Marxists argue that they do this by keeping the proletariat poor but also keeping the proletariat poor but also by socializing them into the false by socializing them into the false belief that society is meritocraticbelief that society is meritocratic..
FeminismFeminism
Society is Society is patriarchal patriarchal (controlled by (controlled by men) and that women have been and men) and that women have been and are oppressed by men. are oppressed by men.
Women have in the past been Women have in the past been confined to the private sphere of the confined to the private sphere of the home and family, carrying out unpaid home and family, carrying out unpaid work in the form of childcare and work in the form of childcare and housework.housework.
..
Feminism….Feminism….
Sociology itself is Sociology itself is malestream malestream – – studying society from a male studying society from a male perspective, looking at male issues perspective, looking at male issues and directing social policy in the and directing social policy in the interests of men.interests of men.
THE INTERACTIONST THE INTERACTIONST PERSPECTIVEPERSPECTIVE
Instead of seeing society as molding Instead of seeing society as molding and controlling the individual, they and controlling the individual, they see the individual as being in control see the individual as being in control
Agency=Agency= this is the idea that you this is the idea that you have control over what you do – you have control over what you do – you are socialized into society’s norms are socialized into society’s norms and values but you can decide and values but you can decide whether you follow them or not whether you follow them or not
Cont…Cont…
We learn We learn shared meanings and shared meanings and interpretationsinterpretations of what goes on of what goes on around us and this is what helps us around us and this is what helps us to get on. to get on.
They believe that these meanings They believe that these meanings change from society to society change from society to society
INTERACTIONIST:INTERACTIONIST:
EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:Symbolic Symbolic
Interaction= Interaction= Shared Shared meaningmeaning
CULTURAL EXAMPLES:CULTURAL EXAMPLES:
Symbolic Interaction:Symbolic Interaction:Bottom of left shoe in Bottom of left shoe in
Southeast AsiaSoutheast AsiaNecks in BurmaNecks in Burma