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MANAGERIALLYRELEVANT
ANALYTICALLYROBUST
CANBACK CONSULTINGBoston, Massachusetts
www.canback.com+1-617-399-1300
A member of The Economist Group
INTRODUCTION TO THE CANBACK GLOBAL INCOME DISTRIBUTION DATABASE (C-GIDD)
Summer 2019
2
Agenda
Introduction to Canback Consulting
C-GIDD Classic
C-GIDD extensions
Leveraging C-GIDD in consulting work
Appendix: C-GIDD geographic coverage
3
Boston Chicago Mexico City London Johannesburg Shanghai Jakarta
Canback is a global management consulting firm
Founded by Dr. Staffan Canback, we are an elite management consulting firm.
We operate globally with the world’s largest companies as clients. This has
taken us to 89 countries since our founding in 2004.
The basis for our work is predictive analytics, applied with high resolution, and
informed by on-the-ground market observations.
Canback has five practices: Strategy, M&A Due Diligence, Sources of Growth,
Corporate Finance, and Performance Improvement.
We also offer analytic services with the Canback Global Income Distribution
Database (C-GIDD) as our cardinal product.
Canback is a subsidiary of The Economist Group since 2015.
4
Canback has a unique position in its industry through advantages in three areas
that weave together into a powerful whole
Predictive
analytics
High
resolution
On-the-
ground
insights
• Our consultants are well-versed in rigorous
analytics, often using statistical methods
• We thrive when data is messy, missing, or
sample is small
• We work at sub-national level in any country
• We go to the level of detail required, be it
category, product, or item
• We walk the streets from slums to posh areas,
from rural areas to the capital
• We engage with all layers of the value chain,
from consumers to producers
Managerially
Relevant
Analytically
Robust
5
Our work is often cited by leading corporations
• Unlocking the African Consumer
• 2014 Quarterly seminar: South Africa
• 2013 Quarterly seminar: Asia-Pacific
• Unleashing a Global Snacking
Powerhouse
• 2013 Annual Results Presentation• White Paper: AIG in Africa
• Cimi.Con Award - Global Savory
Category Growth & Mix Influencer
Analysis
• Pure Leaf ® Line Extension & Brand
Refresh National Launch
• 2018 Investor Seminar
• Contextualizing the Mass Market
Banking Opportunity
• "How being skeptical paid off for
Massmart"
• 2015 Year-end Results Presentation
• 2018 Interim Financial Results
• 2016 Results Presentation• 2012 Consolidated Annual Report
6
Canback Consulting is probably the world’s smallest global company
CANBACK GLOBAL FOOTPRINT
Offices
Country projects
Consultants’ work travel
Global projects
28%North America
13%
South America
21%
Europe
7%
Africa
20%
Asia-Pacific
11%
7
Corporate strategy
Business unit strategy
Market entry
Opportunity prioritization and planning
Pricing and revenue management
Accessing informal markets
Large transaction due diligence (>5 USD billion)
Medium/small transaction due diligence (>50 USD million)
Joint ventures
Organizational structure design
Process improvement
Operating model
Capital allocation
Valuation
Canback works on a variety of projects grouped into five practices
CANBACK PRACTICES AND KEY PROJECT TYPES
2%
8%
17%
20%
53%
Corporate Finance
PerformanceImprovement
M&A Due Diligence
Sources of Growth
Strategy
8
Canback works predominantly in four sectors serving corporations and investors
Other
Consumer Goods• Food & beverage
• Alcoholic beverages
• Health & beauty
Technology• Telecom
• Digital
Retail & Restaurants• Brick & mortar
• E-commerce
• Restaurant chains
Financial Services• Banks
• Insurance
Examples
9
Agenda
Introduction to Canback Consulting
C-GIDD Classic
C-GIDD extensions
Leveraging C-GIDD in consulting work
Appendix: C-GIDD geographic coverage
10
The Canback Global Income Distribution Database (C-GIDD) is used to quantify
market size and demand drivers. C-GIDD is unique in the world
C-GIDD
benchmark
products and
services data
Internal to Canback
C-GIDD
economic,
demographic,
social and
psychographic
data
Internal to Canback
C-GIDD
income
distribution data
Available as a
commercial service
at cgidd.com
C-GIDD COVERAGE
• The world's only database with complete subnational data
series
• GDP, household income, size of income brackets, size of
socioeconomic classes, population
• 213 countries, 697 subdivisions and 997 cities
• Subnational: 2004-2029
National: 1970-2039
C-GIDD MODULES
EXAMPLES OF C-GIDD USES
• Quantify number of households at specific income
or socioeconomic levels
• Compare consumer market sizes across
geographies in a uniform way
• Merge with category or sales data to spot new or
under-developed opportunities
EXPLANATORY POWER OF C-GIDD Demand variance explained by income above
category-specific thresholds
R2
0.00 0.50 1.00
Televison sets
Oil consumption
Cellphone subscribers
Internet users
Personal computers
McDonald's restaurants
Milk consumption
Cash machines (ATMs)
Insurance premiums
Bank deposits
Electricity consumption
Airline passengers
11
C-GIDD covers 213 countries, 697 subdivisions and 997 cities
12
C-GIDD customers include a cross-section of large organizations
13
• Population data
• GDP
• Household income data
UN and national household economic surveys
• Short and medium term economic projections
IMF
• Population projections
UN and US Census Bureau
• Income distributions
WIDER and national surveys
• City and other subdivision data
National statistics offices
• City data
UN, Eurostat, CityPopulation and national censuses
• PPP data
International Comparison Program (ICP)
Sophisticated econometric models to find true income
at city level
Proprietary purchasing power and cost-of-living
adjustments
Proprietary income distribution algorithms
Robust income projection algorithms
C-GIDD
FROM DISCRETE AND INCOMPLETE SOURCES THROUGH PROPRIETARY
HARMONIZATION AND PROJECTION
TECHNIQUES
TO UP-TO-DATE, HARMONIZED AND
COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE WITH A
SIMPLE AND INTUITIVE INTERFACE
C-GIDD draws on more than 1,600 data sources which are harmonized and
econometrically analyzed at the city and subdivision levels
14
Millions of households with income higher than PPP$ 20,000 2010 constant values
Millions of middle-class households by location in 2019Socioeconomic levels A, B, C+ and C
Income per household in Egypt in 2019Egyptian Pounds, 2019 current values
Total GDP in PPP$ trillions2010 constant values
C-GIDD contains detailed income distribution data at varying geographic levels, –
today, in the past, and in the future
19.5
18.3
23.6
5.0
9.7
China
EU
US
Japan
India
2019
21.2
19.9
31.3
5.1
14.1
2024
5.97.1
8.610.3
20242014 2019 2029
Shanghai
3.84.7 5.4 6.0
2024 20292014 2019
Mumbai
15.0
10.9
5.6
3.1
2.4
4.9
2.6
2.0
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.2
0.4
0.2
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
Colombia
Chile 1.0
Other UrbanMajor Cities Rural 340,550
279,215
250,111
224,998
195,670
145,093
Suez
Cairo
Alexandria
Port Said
Rural
Other Urban
* Purchasing power parity dollars
C-GIDD’s data includes values in US
dollars, local currency, and PPP*
15
BRAZILIAN POPULATION BY SOCIOECONOMIC LEVELMillions, 1974 - 2034
forecast
EXAMPLE: HEALTHCARE CONSUMING
CLASSMillions of people, 2019-2029
C-GIDD also contains socioeconomic level population data, used to conduct
powerful growth projections of unique consumption classes
Source: C-GIDD; Canback analysis
Socioeconomic
levels (SEL)
We use an international definition developed by AMAI to define socioeconomic levels (SEL) and apply it consistently to all countries (regardless of a
country’s own SEL definition). This allows for comparability between countries, subdivisions and cities. The international definition is the most well
defined scheme and is independent of climate and culture.
Healthcare consuming class is
statistically demonstrated to comprise
middle class and above
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Marginalized
Upper
Lower
Lower Middle
Upper Middle
Middle
53.2
72.1
2019 2029
+35%
16Source: C-GIDD; Canback analysis
TANZANIAN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY SEL
20.4%
11.0%7.0%
18.0%
22.6%
25.4%
8.3%
10.9%
12.3%
3.4%
5.5%
8.0%
6.8%10.8%
15.2%
2019
32.2%
2029
A-D
E2
E3
E4
E5
2009
43.0%
E1
39.1%
2.4
%
Iringa
Moshi
Songea
Morogoro
Kigoma
Dodoma
Arusha
Musoma
Tanga
Mwanza
Zanzibar
Tabora
Bukoba
Mbeya
Kibaha
Sumbawanga
Lowest
economic
level
Highest
economic
level
TANZANIAN SEL DISTRIBUTION BY CITIES
In many emerging countries the E class (marginalized) is >90% of the population.
For more nuanced analysis, we break down the E class into five unique sub-SELs
E3
A-D
E4
E2
E1
E5
Dar es Salaam
17
Our country decks, one created by each newly hired business analyst, presents C-
GIDD data in an easy to digest format
COUNTRY DECKS
Completed and available free
• Angola
• Algeria
• Brazil
• Cuba
• Ethiopia
• Ghana
• Iran
• Kenya
• Mexico
• Myanmar
• Nigeria
• Pakistan
• South Africa
• Tanzania
In progress
• Egypt
• Indonesia
• Saudi Arabia
Other country decks readily created
on-demand
18
Agenda
Introduction to Canback Consulting
C-GIDD Classic
C-GIDD extensions
Leveraging C-GIDD in consulting work
Appendix: C-GIDD geographic coverage
19
The first type of C-GIDD extension is customized web portals where we adapt C-
GIDD to the needs to large corporate customers
CUSTOMIZED WEB PORTALS FOR ENTERPRISES
We work closely with enterprises, including some of the world’s largest corporations, to create customized web portals with seamless access to C-GIDD/customer
data. We provide a dedicated support team to meet their needs. Such customers include:
CORPORATE ACCOUNT HOLDERS
We provide subscription-based C-GIDD access and full support to companies of
various sizes to meet their needs on an ongoing basis. Corporate account
customers include:
INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMERS
In addition to providing data to large corporations on a subscription basis, we
also work with smaller entities who have occasional data needs.
We have over 300 active customers who have purchased C-GIDD in the last 2
years. Such purchases are made by credit card over the web.
Procter & Gamble – C-GIDD includes the traditional variables provided in the public
site, plus P&G specific data on consumer profiles and category spending with a 5-
year outlook. The site matches P&G’s organizational structure and aggregates
cities and countries thereafter. (pg.cgidd.com)
Mondelez - C-GIDD site covers the public variables plus food consumption data
and demographic data relevant to Mondelez. The site has a 5 year horizon.
(mondelez.cgidd.com)
20
The second type of extension is to build more detailed datasets. Our sub-Saharan
Africa database (sold separately) illustrates this
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is one of the fastest growing
and most attractive regions in the world:
“Across sub-Saharan Africa, consumer demand is
fueling the continent’s economies in new ways…
‘The future is about that lower middle class that’s
expanding quickly,’ said Staffan Canback”
-New York Times, July 2014
Given sub-Saharan Africa’s rapid growth, large
corporations are shifting their focus and devoting more
resources to the region. This includes the need to
prioritize investment among countries and even cities.
These needs led Canback to develop the SSA database.
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SSA) DATABASE
ADVANTAGES OF THE SSA DATABASE
With a dataset that includes 393 cities, we offer a wider
and more in-depth view of sub-Saharan African cities.
This in turn allows for more accurate as-is evaluations
and better-informed to-be projections:
• Gross domestic product
• Household spending
• Income distribution
• Socioeconomic levels
• Population
1
Data on specific business categories, ranging from
number of ATMs to international hotels in each city,
allows for more precise strategies and clearer
awareness of the playing field
2
21
ORAL CARE DATABASE
In 2005, we were commissioned by a client to analyze the manual and
rechargeable toothbrush market. Forecasting models, a specialized C-
GIDD dataset, and analysis of market dynamics formed the basis for
our recommendations
C-GIDD
Client shipment data for 27 countries
Market research data from Nielsen
and Euromonitor
Economic, demographic, and social
indicators provided by the UN, IMF,
and World Bank
BUILDING THE ORAL CARE DATABASE
Insights, adjustments, and additional
information provided by regional
teams
Using the oral care database, we were able to estimate
demand, measured by disposable income per capita, price, and
population. This in turn was used to explain growth with a high
degree of accuracy
PREDICTED VERSUS ACTUAL UNITS SOLD
Pre
dic
ted
Actual
R2=0.97
The third type of extension is to use C-GIDD together with customer category data
from various syndicated sources to model markets today and into the future
22
Agenda
Introduction to Canback Consulting
C-GIDD Classic
C-GIDD extensions
Leveraging C-GIDD in consulting work
Appendix: C-GIDD geographic coverage
23
In one project, Canback leveraged C-GIDD and our management consulting
practice for a market sizing and product launch effort in healthcare
A large US company seeks to quantify the market potential of parasitic worm prevention/treatment
and to understand how it can best capture the opportunity OBJECTIVE
Parasitic
worm
prevalence
Sanitation conditions
Quality
of housing
Disposable
income
Access to health care
Maternal
education
Primary drivers
Secondary drivers
DRIVERS OF REDUCED INTESTINAL
PARASITE PREVALENCE
17%23% 23%
32%
13,36417,700
22,508
12,188
87% 96% 98%79%
44%
75% 79% 72%
36%55%
65%
41%
Disposable income per
Household-equivalent in
2005 PPP$
% of women with tertiary
education
% of children getting
DPT3 vaccination
% of population with
sustained access to
improved sanitation
% of population living
with durable floors, walls,
and roofs; water, and
electricity
China Brazil Mexico Philippines
TARGET COUNTRIES C-GIDD database was
complemented with data
from WHO, UNESCO, and
similar databases
24
Canback identified three stages of parasite prevention and visited four countries
for consumer insights, health perspectives, distribution capabilities.
STAGES OF PARASITE PREVENTION
Interest in
prevention
of parasitic
infections
Income
INTERPRETATION
Interest in preventing
parasites peaks when there is
a high level of socioeconomic
readiness and a moderate
level of prevalence
Three preconditions
determine whether a branded
anthelmintic food product is
viable:
(1) Socioeconomic readiness
to prevent parasitic worms
(2) Branded food products
consumption
(3) Maternal perception of
infection risk
Algeria
Argentina
BangladeshBotswana
Burkina FasoBurundi
CambodiaCameroon
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Ethiopia
GhanaGuinea
Guyana
Honduras
India
Indonesia
Iran
Jordan
Kenya
South Korea
Laos
Madagascar
Malaysia
Mali
MauritaniaMongolia
Morocco
Namibia
Nepal
Nigeria
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Tanzania
Thailand
Uganda
Uruguay
Viet Nam
Yemen
BrazilChina
Mexico
Philippines
High prevalence
Low socioeconomic readiness
High to moderate prevalence
High socioeconomic readinessLow prevalence
High socioeconomic readiness
Statistically fitted
trendline
Current state of 4 countries under
review
State of 4 countries under review
in 10 years time
COUNTRY PROFILE
• Largest infested population in the world; prevalence declined due to socioeconomic development, but no concerted
effort to reduce levels of infection
• About 60% of survey respondents expressed high-level concern about parasites
• Prevention has higher appeal than treatment
• Relative ignorance regarding sources and symptoms of infection
25
Finally, Canback delivered specific recommendations for a distribution and
marketing strategy as well as provided “to-be” market projections for each country
Large supermarkets
Given at schools for free
Primarily shelved with “health food”
Primarily shelved with “regular food”
Doctors’ clinics and hospitals
Pharmacy
Traditional stores
WHERE TO SELL OR DISTRIBUTEMean score on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)
3.98
3.91
3.74
3.73
3.08
2.94
2.37
PROJECTED GROWTH OF FOOD RETAILBillion CNY
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Year 1 Year 6
1,063
1,615
23%
77%
56%
44%
cagr: 9%
cagr: 26%
cagr: 2%
Traditional
Modern
RECOMMENDATION
Product Distribution Marketing PricePossible
Outcome
A: Extension of pre-existing
product
B: Milk-centric product
Small pack sizes for
affordability and large pack
sizes to give lower unit cost
with sustained use
• Skewed to modern trade
• Initial focus on greater
Shanghai area where
modern trade is well-
developed
• Shelved with regular food
• Social network-driven:
Word-of-mouth
• Address believability issues
20-30% premium above
current product price
• $100M in retail revenue 4-6
years after launch
• Contribution to brand image
+ distribution footprint
26
Agenda
Introduction to Canback Consulting
C-GIDD Classic
C-GIDD extensions
Leveraging C-GIDD in consulting work
Appendix: C-GIDD geographic coverage
27Note: Countries in green have subdivisions, see next page
C-GIDD countries
Updated May 2019
Afghanistan Cabo Verde Eswatini Japan Moldova Qatar Tajikistan
Albania Cambodia Ethiopia Jordan Monaco Romania Tanzania
Algeria Cameroon Fiji Kazakhstan Mongolia Russia Thailand
Andorra Canada Finland Kenya Montenegro Rwanda Timor-Leste
Angola Cayman Islands France Kiribati Montserrat Saint Kitts and Nevis Togo
Anguilla Central African Republic French Polynesia Korea, North Morocco Saint Lucia Tonga
Antigua and Barbuda Chad Gabon Korea, South Mozambique Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago
Argentina Chile Gambia Kosovo Myanmar Samoa Tunisia
Armenia China Georgia Kuwait Namibia San Marino Turkey
Aruba Colombia Germany Kyrgyzstan Nauru Sao Tome and Principe Turkmenistan
Australia Comoros Ghana Laos Nepal Saudi Arabia Turks and Caicos Islands
Austria Congo-Brazzaville Greece Latvia Netherlands Senegal Tuvalu
Azerbaijan Congo-Kinshasa Greenland Lebanon New Caledonia Serbia Uganda
Bahamas Cook Islands Grenada Lesotho New Zealand Seychelles Ukraine
Bahrain Costa Rica Guatemala Liberia Nicaragua Sierra Leone United Arab Emirates
Bangladesh Cote d'Ivoire Guinea Libya Niger Singapore United Kingdom
Barbados Croatia Guinea-Bissau Liechtenstein Nigeria Sint Maarten United States
Belarus Cuba Guyana Lithuania North Macedonia Slovakia Uruguay
Belgium Curacao Haiti Luxembourg Norway Slovenia Uzbekistan
Belize Cyprus Honduras Macao Oman Solomon Islands Vanuatu
Benin Czechia Hong Kong Madagascar Pakistan Somalia Venezuela
Bermuda Denmark Hungary Malawi Palau South Africa Viet Nam
Bhutan Djibouti Iceland Malaysia Palestine South Sudan Virgin Islands, British
Bolivia Dominica India Maldives Panama Spain Western Sahara
Bosnia and Herzegovina Dominican Republic Indonesia Mali Papua New Guinea Sri Lanka Yemen
Botswana Ecuador Iran Malta Paraguay Sudan Zambia
Brazil Egypt Iraq Marshall Islands Peru Suriname Zimbabwe
Brunei El Salvador Ireland Mauritania Philippines Sweden
Bulgaria Equatorial Guinea Israel Mauritius Poland Switzerland
Burkina Faso Eritrea Italy Mexico Portugal Syria
Burundi Estonia Jamaica Micronesia Puerto Rico Taiwan
Appendix A
28
C-GIDD subdivisions
Updated May 2019
Argentina Australia Brazil Bulgaria China Colombia
Catamarca Australian Capital Territory Acre North Bulgaria Hainan Amazonia
Chaco New South Wales Alagoas South Bulgaria Hebei Andina Norte
Chubut Northern Territory Amapa Heilongjiang Andina Sur
Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires Queensland Amazonas Canada Henan Atlantica
Cordoba South Australia Bahia Alberta Hubei Bogota
Corrientes Tasmania Ceara British Columbia Hunan Orinoquia
Entre Rios Victoria Distrito Federal Manitoba Inner Mongolia Pacifica
Formosa Western Australia Espirito Santo New Brunswick Jiangsu
Jujuy Goias Newfoundland and Labrador Jiangxi Finland
La Pampa Austria Maranhao Northwest Territories Jilin Aland
La Rioja Eastern Austria Mato Grosso Nova Scotia Liaoning Mainland Finland
Mendoza Southern Austria Mato Grosso do Sul Nunavut Ningxia
Misiones Western Austria Minas Gerais Ontario Qinghai France
Neuquen Para Prince Edward Island Shaanxi Bassin Parisien
Provincia de Buenos Aires Bangladesh Paraiba Quebec Shandong Center-East
Rio Negro Barisal Parana Saskatchewan Shanghai East
Salta Chittagong Pernambuco Yukon Territory Shanxi Ile de France
San Juan Dhaka Piaui Sichuan Mediterranee
San Luis Khulna Rio de Janeiro China Tianjin Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Santa Cruz Rajshahi Rio Grande do Norte Anhui Tibet Overseas departments
Santa Fe Rangpur Rio Grande do Sul Beijing Xinjiang South-West
Santiago del Estero Sylhet Rondonia Chongqing Yunnan West
Tierra del Fuego Roraima Fujian Zhejiang
Tucuman Belgium Santa Catarina Gansu Germany
Brussels-Capital Region Sao Paulo Guangdong Baden-Wurttemberg
Flemish Region Sergipe Guangxi Bavaria
Walloon Region Tocantins Guizhou Berlin
Appendix B
29
C-GIDD subdivisions, continued
Germany India India Indonesia Japan Japan
Brandenburg Andaman and Nicobar Islands Punjab North Kalimantan Aichi Nara
Bremen Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan North Maluku Akita Niigata
Hamburg Arunachal Pradesh Sikkim North Sulawesi Aomori Oita
Hesse Assam Tamil Nadu North Sumatera Chiba Okayama
Lower Saxony Bihar Telangana Papua Ehime Okinawa
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Chandigarh Tripura Riau Fukui Osaka
North Rhine-Westphalia Chhattisgarh Uttar Pradesh Riau Islands Fukuoka Saga
Rhineland-Palatinate Dadra and Nagar Haveli Uttarakhand South Kalimantan Fukushima Saitama
Saarland Daman and Diu West Bengal South Sulawesi Gifu Shiga
Saxony Delhi South Sumatera Gunma Shimane
Saxony-Anhalt Goa Indonesia Southeast Sulawesi Hiroshima Shizuoka
Schleswig-Holstein Gujarat Aceh West Jawa Hokkaido Tochigi
Thuringia Haryana Bali West Kalimantan Hyogo Tokushima
Himachal Pradesh Bangka Belitung Islands West Nusa Tenggara Ibaraki Tokyo
Greece Jammu and Kashmir Banten West Papua Ishikawa Tottori
Aegean Islands and Crete Jharkhand Bengkulu West Sulawesi Iwate Toyama
Attica Karnataka Central Jawa West Sumatera Kagawa Wakayama
Central Greece Kerala Central Kalimantan Yogyakarta Kagoshima Yamagata
Northern Greece Lakshadweep Central Sulawesi Kanagawa Yamaguchi
Madhya Pradesh East Jawa Italy Kochi Yamanashi
Hungary Maharashtra East Kalimantan Center Kumamoto
Central Hungary Manipur East Nusa Tenggara Islands Kyoto Korea, South
Great Plain and North Meghalaya Gorontalo North-East Mie Busan
Transdanubia Mizoram Jakarta Raya North-West Miyagi Chungcheongbugdo
Nagaland Jambi South Miyazaki Chungcheongnamdo
Orissa Lampung Nagano Daegu
Puducherry Maluku Nagasaki Daejeon
Appendix B
30
C-GIDD subdivisions, continued
Korea, South Mexico Nigeria Nigeria Philippines Romania
Gang'weondo Mexico Abia Ogun Central Luzon Macroregion 1
Gwangju Michoacan Adamawa Ondo Central Visayas Macroregion 2
Gyeonggido Morelos Akwa Ibom Osun Cordillera Macroregion 3
Gyeongsangbugdo Nayarit Anambra Oyo Davao Macroregion 4
Gyeongsangnamdo Nuevo Leon Bauchi Plateau Eastern Visayas
Incheon Oaxaca Bayelsa Rivers Ilocos Russia
Jejudo Puebla Benue Sokoto MIMAROPA Central
Jeonrabugdo Queretaro Borno Taraba National Capital Region Far East
Jeonranamdo Quintana Roo Cross River Yobe Northern Mindanao North Caucasus
Seoul San Luis Potosi Delta Zamfara SOCCSKSARGEN Northwest
Ulsan Sinaloa Ebonyi Western Visayas Siberia
Sonora Edo Pakistan Zamboanga Peninsula South
Mexico Tabasco Ekiti Azad Kashmir Ural
Aguascalientes Tamaulipas Enugu Balochistan Poland Volga
Baja California Tlaxcala Federal Capital Territory Federally Administered Tribal Areas Central
Baja California Sur Veracruz Gombe Gilgit-Baltistan East South Africa
Campeche Yucatan Imo Islamabad North Eastern Cape
Chiapas Zacatecas Jigawa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa North-West Free State
Chihuahua Kaduna Punjab South Gauteng
Coahuila Netherlands Kano Sindh South-West KwaZulu-Natal
Colima Eastern Netherlands Katsina Limpopo
Distrito Federal Northern Netherlands Kebbi Philippines Portugal Mpumalanga
Durango Southern Netherlands Kogi ARMM Azores Northern Cape
Guanajuato Western Netherlands Kwara Bicol Continental Portugal North-West
Guerrero Lagos Cagayan Valley Madeira Western Cape
Hidalgo Nassarawa CALABARZON
Jalisco Niger Caraga
Appendix B
31
C-GIDD subdivisions, continued
Spain Turkey United States United States
Canary Islands Aegean Alabama Nebraska
Center Central Anatolia Alaska Nevada
East Eastern Black Sea Arizona New Hampshire
Madrid Eastern Marmara Arkansas New Jersey
Northeast Istanbul California New Mexico
Northwest Mediterranean Colorado New York
South Mideastern Anatolia Connecticut North Carolina
Northeastern Anatolia Delaware North Dakota
Sweden Southeastern Anatolia District of Columbia Ohio
Eastern Western Anatolia Florida Oklahoma
Northern Western Black Sea Georgia Oregon
Southern Western Marmara Hawaii Pennsylvania
Idaho Rhode Island
Taiwan United Kingdom Illinois South Carolina
Central East Midlands Indiana South Dakota
Eastern East of England Iowa Tennessee
Northern London Kansas Texas
Southern North East Kentucky Utah
North West Louisiana Vermont
Thailand Northern Ireland Maine Virginia
Bangkok and Vicinities Scotland Maryland Washington
Central South East Massachusetts West Virginia
Eastern South West Michigan Wisconsin
Northeastern Wales Minnesota Wyoming
Northern West Midlands Mississippi
Southern Yorkshire and the Humber Missouri
Western Montana
Appendix B
32
C-GIDD cities
Updated May 2019
Afghanistan Australia Belgium Brazil Burkina Faso Chad
Kabul Adelaide Gent Joao Pessoa Bobo Dioulasso N'Djamena
Brisbane Liege Joinville Ouagadougou
Albania Gold Coast Juiz de Fora Chile
Tirana Melbourne Benin Jundiai Burundi Concepcion
Newcastle Abomey-Calavi Londrina Bujumbura Santiago de Chile
Algeria Perth Cotonou Maceio Valparaiso
Algiers Sydney Manaus Cambodia
Constantine Bolivia Maringa Phnom Penh China
Oran Austria Cochabamba Natal Anqing
Vienna La Paz Porto Alegre Cameroon Anshan
Angola Santa Cruz Recife Douala Anyang
Huambo Azerbaijan Ribeirao Preto Yaounde Baoding
Luanda Baku Brazil Rio de Janeiro Baoji
Aracaju Salvador Canada Baotou
Argentina Bangladesh Baixada Santista Sao Jose dos Campos Calgary Beijing
Buenos Aires Chittagong Belem Sao Luis Edmonton Bengbu
La Plata Dhaka Belo Horizonte Sao Paulo Hamilton Benxi
Mar del Plata Khulna Blumenau Sorocaba Montreal Binzhou
Mendoza Rajshahi Brasilia Teresina Ottawa Changchun
Rosario Sylhet Campinas Uberlandia Quebec Changde
Salta Campo Grande Vale do Aco Toronto Changsha
San Miguel de Tucuman Belarus Cuiaba Vitoria Vancouver Changshu
Santa Fe Minsk Curitiba Winnipeg Changzhi
Feira de Santana Bulgaria Changzhou
Armenia Belgium Florianopolis Plovdiv Central African Republic Chaozhou
Yerevan Antwerp Fortaleza Sofia Bangui Chengde
Brussels Goiania Chengdu
Appendix C
33
C-GIDD cities, continued
China China China China China China China Colombia Cote d'Ivoire Egypt France
Chenzhou Hangzhou Jixi Nanjing Shaoyang Wuhan Yingkou Barranquilla Abidjan Alexandria Nantes
Chifeng Harbin Kaifeng Nanning Shenyang Wuhu Yiwu Bogota Bouake Cairo Nice
Chongqing Hefei Kunming Nantong Shenzhen Wuxi Yongzhou Bucaramanga Port Said Paris
Cixi Hegang Laiwu Nanyang Shijiazhuang Wuzhou Yueqing Cali Croatia Suez Rennes
Dalian Hengyang Langfang Neijiang Shiyan Xiamen Yueyang Cartagena Zagreb Rouen
Dandong Heze Lanzhou Ningbo Siping Xi'an Yulin Cucuta El Salvador Saint-Etienne
Daqing Hohhot Leshan Panjin Suining Xiangtan Yuyao Ibague Cuba San Salvador Strasbourg
Datong Huai'an Lianyungang Panzhihua Suqian Xiangyang Zaozhuang Medellin Havana Toulon
Deyang Huaibei Liaocheng Pingdingshan Suzhou Xiantao Zhangjiakou Pereira Eritrea Toulouse
Dezhou Huainan Liaoyang Pingxiang Suzhou Xianyang Zhangzhou Czechia Asmara
Dongguan Huangshi Linfen Pizhou Taian Xiaogan Zhanjiang Congo-Brazzaville Brno Gabon
Dongying Huizhou Linyi Puning Taixing Xinghua Zhaoqing Brazzaville Ostrava Estonia Libreville
Ezhou Huludao Liu'an Putian Taiyuan Xingtai Zhengzhou Pointe-Noire Prague Tallinn
Foshan Huzhou Liupanshui Qingdao Taizhou Xining Zhenjiang Georgia
Fuling Jiamusi Liuyang Qingyuan Taizhou Xintai Zhongshan Congo-Kinshasa Denmark Ethiopia Tbilisi
Fushun Jiangyin Liuzhou Qinhuangdao Tangshan Xinxiang Zhoushan Bukavu Copenhagen Addis Ababa
Fuxin Jiaozuo Lufeng Qiqihar Tengzhou Xinyang Zhucheng Kananga Germany
Fuyang Jiaxing Luohe Qitaihe Tianjin Xinyu Zhuhai Kinshasa Dominican Republic Finland Aachen
Fuzhou Jieyang Luoyang Quanzhou Tianmen Xuzhou Zhuji Santiago de los Caballeros Helsinki Augsburg
Ganzhou Jilin Luzhou Rizhao Tianshui Yancheng Zhuzhou Congo-Kinshasa Santo Domingo Berlin
Guangzhou Jimo Ma'anshan Rugao Tongliao Yangquan Zibo Kisangani France Bonn
Guigang Jinan Maoming Rui'an Urumqi Yangzhou Zigong Lubumbashi Ecuador Bordeaux Bremen
Guilin Jingzhou Mianyang Shanghai Wanzhou Yantai Zoucheng Mbuji-Mayi Guayaquil Grenoble Cologne
Guiyang Jinhua Mudanjiang Shangqiu Weifang Yibin Zunyi Tshikapa Quito Lille Dresden
Haicheng Jining Nan'an Shantou Weihai Yichang Lyon Dusseldorf
Haikou Jinzhou Nanchang Shaoguan Wenling Yichun Costa Rica Marseille Erfurt
Handan Jiujiang Nanchong Shaoxing Wenzhou Yinchuan San Jose Montpellier Frankfurt
Appendix C
34
C-GIDD cities, continued
Germany Guinea India India India Indonesia Iran Italy Japan
Freiburg Conakry Belgaum Jaipur Patna Bandung Orumiyeh Bari Osaka
Hamburg Bhavnagar Jalandhar Puducherry Banjarmasin Qom Bologna Sapporo
Hannover Haiti Bhiwandi Jammu Pune Batam Rasht Catania Sendai
Heidelberg Port-au-Prince Bhopal Jamnagar Raipur Denpasar Shiraz Florence Shizuoka
Karlsruhe Bhubaneswar Jamshedpur Rajkot Jakarta Tabriz Genoa Tokyo
Kiel Honduras Bikaner Jhansi Ranchi Jambi Tehran Milan Utsunomiya
Leipzig San Pedro Sula Bokaro Steel City Jodhpur Raurkela Makassar Zahedan Naples
Mannheim-Ludwigshafen Tegucigalpa Chandigarh Kannur Saharanpur Malang Padova Jordan
Munich Chennai Kanpur Salem Medan Iraq Palermo Amman
Nuremberg Hong Kong Coimbatore Kochi Sangli Padang Baghdad Rome
Osnabruck Hong Kong Cuttack Kolhapur Siliguri Palembang Basra Turin Kazakhstan
Ruhr Area Dehra Dun Kolkata Solapur Pekanbaru Erbil Venice Almaty
Saarbrucken Hungary Delhi Kota Srinagar Pontianak Karbala Verona Astana
Stuttgart Budapest Dhanbad Kozhikode Surat Samarinda Kirkuk Shymkent
Wurzburg Durgapur Lucknow Thiruvananthapuram Semarang Mosul Jamaica
India Durg-Bhilai Nagar Ludhiana Tiruchirappalli Serang Najaf Kingston Kenya
Ghana Agra Erode Madurai Tiruppur Surabaya Sulaymaniyah Mombasa
Accra Ahmadabad Firozabad Malegaon Ujjain Tasikmalaya Japan Nairobi
Kumasi Ajmer Gorakhpur Mangalore Vadodara Ireland Fukuoka
Sekondi Takoradi Aligarh Gulbarga Meerut Varanasi Iran Dublin Hamamatsu Korea, North
Allahabad Guntur Moradabad Vijayawada Ahvaz Himeji Chongjin
Greece Amravati Guwahati Mumbai Visakhapatnam Esfahan Israel Hiroshima Hamhung
Athens Amritsar Gwalior Mysore Warangal Hamadan Be'er Sheva Kobe Pyongyang
Thessaloniki Asansol Hubli-Dharwad Nagpur Karaj Haifa Kumamoto
Aurangabad Hyderabad Nanded Indonesia Kerman Jerusalem Kyoto Korea, South
Guatemala Bangalore Indore Nashik Balikpapan Kermanshah Tel Aviv-Jaffa Nagoya Busan
Guatemala City Bareilly Jabalpur Nellore Bandar Lampung Mashhad Niigata Changwon
Appendix C
35
C-GIDD cities, continued
Korea, South Libya Mali Mexico Morocco Nicaragua Norway Paraguay Poland
Cheongju Benghazi Bamako Puebla Marrakech Managua Oslo Asuncion Warsaw
Daegu Misratah Queretaro Meknes Wroclaw
Daejeon Tripoli Mauritania Reynosa Rabat Niger Oman Peru
Gwangju Nouakchott Saltillo Tangier Niamey Muscat Arequipa Portugal
Jeonju Lithuania San Luis Potosi Chiclayo Lisbon
Seoul Vilnius Mexico Tampico Mozambique Nigeria Pakistan Lima Porto
Ulsan Acapulco Tijuana Maputo Aba Bahawalpur Trujillo
Luxembourg Aguascalientes Tlaxcala Matola Abuja Faisalabad Puerto Rico
Kuwait Luxembourg Cancun Toluca Nampula Benin City Gujranwala Philippines San Juan
Kuwait City Celaya Torreon Enugu Hyderabad Antipolo
Macao Chihuahua Tuxtla Gutierrez Myanmar Ibadan Islamabad Bacolod Qatar
Kyrgyzstan Macao Cuernavaca Veracruz Mandalay Ilorin Karachi Cagayan de Oro Doha
Bishkek Culiacan Villahermosa Nay Pyi Taw Jos Lahore Cebu
Madagascar Durango Xalapa Rangoon Kaduna Multan Dasmarinas Romania
Laos Antananarivo Guadalajara Kano Peshawar Davao Bucharest
Vientiane Hermosillo Moldova Nepal Lagos Quetta General Santos City
Malawi Juarez Chisinau Kathmandu Maiduguri Rawalpindi Manila Russia
Latvia Blantyre Leon Nnewi Sargodha Zamboanga Astrakhan'
Riga Lilongwe Merida Mongolia Netherlands Onitsha Sialkot Barnaul
Mexicali Ulaanbaatar Amsterdam Osogbo Poland Chelyabinsk
Lebanon Malaysia Mexico City Eindhoven Owerri Palestine Bydgoszcz Irkutsk
Beirut Ipoh Monterrey Morocco Hague, The Port Harcourt Gaza Gdansk Izhevsk
Johor Bahru Morelia Agadir Rotterdam Uyo Katowice Kazan
Liberia Kuala Lumpur-Klang Valley Oaxaca Casablanca Utrecht Warri Panama Krakow Kemerovo
Monrovia Kuching Pachuca Fes Zaria Panama City Lodz Khabarovsk
Penang Poza Rica New Zealand Lublin Krasnodar
Auckland Poznan Krasnoyarsk
Appendix C
36
C-GIDD cities, continued
Russia Rwanda Slovenia Spain Taiwan Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
Lipetsk Kigali Ljubljana Zaragoza Hsinchu Adana Mykolaiv Sheffield
Makhachkala Kaohsiung Ankara Odessa
Moscow Saudi Arabia Somalia Sri Lanka Taichung-Changhua Antalya Zaporizhzhya United States
Naberezhnye Chelny Dammam Hargeysa Colombo Tainan Bursa Akron
Nizhny Novgorod Hufuf-Mubarraz Mogadishu Taipei-Keelung Diyarbakir United Arab Emirates Albany
Novokuznetsk Jedda Sudan Taoyuan-Jhongli Eskisehir Abu Dhabi Albuquerque
Novosibirsk Mecca South Africa Khartoum Gaziantep Dubai Allentown
Omsk Medina Cape Town Nyala Tajikistan Gebze Sharjah Atlanta
Orenburg Riyadh Durban Dushanbe Istanbul Augusta
Penza Tabuk Emfuleni Sweden Izmir United Kingdom Austin
Perm Ta'if Johannesburg Gothenburg Tanzania Kayseri Belfast Bakersfield
Rostov Port Elizabeth Malmo Dar es Salaam Konya Birmingham Baltimore
Ryazan Senegal Pretoria Stockholm Mwanza Mersin Bournemouth Baton Rouge
Saint Petersburg Dakar Bristol Birmingham
Samara Touba Spain Switzerland Thailand Turkmenistan Cardiff Boise City
Saratov Barcelona Geneva Bangkok Ashgabat Coventry Boston
Tolyatti Serbia Bilbao Zurich Chiang Mai Edinburgh Buffalo
Tomsk Belgrade Cordoba Samut Prakan Uganda Glasgow Charleston
Tula Granada Syria Kampala Kingston-upon-Hull Charlotte
Tyumen Sierra Leone Las Palmas Aleppo Togo Leeds-Bradford Chattanooga
Ufa Freetown Madrid Al-Raqqa Lome Ukraine Leicester Chicago
Ulyanovsk Malaga Damascus Dnipropetrovs'k Liverpool Cincinnati
Vladivostok Singapore Murcia Hamah Tunisia Donetsk London Cleveland
Volgograd Singapore Palma di Mallorca Homs Safaqis Kharkov Manchester Colorado Springs
Voronezh Seville Latakia Tunis Kiev Newcastle Columbia
Yaroslavl Slovakia Valencia Krivoi Rog Nottingham Columbus
Yekaterinburg Bratislava Vigo Lvov Portsmouth Dallas-Fort Worth
Appendix C
37
C-GIDD cities, continued
United States United States United States Uruguay Zambia
Dayton Madison Rochester Montevideo Kitwe
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach McAllen Sacramento Lusaka
Denver Memphis Saint Louis Uzbekistan
Des Moines Miami Salt Lake City Tashkent Zimbabwe
Detroit Milwaukee San Antonio Bulawayo
Durham Minneapolis-Saint Paul San Diego Venezuela Harare
El Paso Modesto San Francisco Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz
Fort Myers Nashville San Jose Barquisimeto
Fresno New Haven Sarasota Caracas
Grand Rapids New Orleans Scranton Ciudad Guayana
Greensboro New York Seattle Maracaibo
Greenville Ogden Spokane Maracay
Harrisburg Oklahoma City Springfield Valencia
Hartford Omaha Stamford
Honolulu Orlando Stockton Viet Nam
Houston Oxnard Syracuse Bien Hoa
Indianapolis Palm Bay Tampa Can Tho
Jackson Philadelphia Toledo Da Nang
Jacksonville Phoenix Tucson Haiphong
Kansas City Pittsburgh Tulsa Hanoi
Knoxville Portland Virginia Beach Ho Chi Minh City
Lakeland Portland Washington
Lancaster Providence Wichita Yemen
Las Vegas Provo-Orem Winston-Salem Aden
Little Rock Raleigh Worcester Sana'a'
Los Angeles Richmond Youngstown Taiz
Louisville Riverside-San Bernardino
Appendix C
38
C-GIDD Contact Information
Canback Consulting
210 Broadway, Suite 303
Cambridge MA 02139
+1-617-399-1300
Bobo Shen
Wenbin Teng
39
AMERICAS
Boston Canback Headquarters
210 Broadway, Suite 303
Cambridge MA 02139
+1-617-399-1300
Ying Li
Chicago Canback USA
220 E Illinois street, Ste 209
Chicago IL 60611
+1-312-498-1236
Ivan Izus Torossian
C-GIDD Canback C-GIDD
210 Broadway, Suite 303
Cambridge MA 02139
+1-617-399-1300
Bobo Shen
Mexico City Canback Mexico
Bosque de Ciruelos 194, PH3
Bosques de las Lomas
11700 Ciudad de México, D.F.
+52-1-55-4354-9806
Francisco Maciel Morfin
EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA
London Canback Europe
20 Cabot Square
London E14 4QW
+44-20-7576-8181
Caleb Darsch
Johannes-
burg
Canback MEA
Inanda Greens Business Park
Building 8
54 Wierda Road West
Wierda Valley, Sandton, 2196
+27-10-590-5546
Arshad Abba
ASIA
Shanghai Canback China
Rm 2508A, 25/F, Rui Jin
Bldg
205 Mao Ming South Rd
Shanghai 200020
+86-186-1627-0081
Shuyuan Hu
Jakarta Canback SE Asia
Jl. Tiang Bendera 5 no. 2A
DKI Jakarta 11230
+62-812-8743-7578
Teddy Purnomo
