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Introduction to the courseIntroduction to the course
Dr. Hassan Sami Shaibah
Department of Anatomy
Dr. Hassan Sami Shaibah
Department of Anatomy
The third year course is divided into two major modules:
1-Head and Neck. Wagih Gamal Elbarrany & Dr.Hassan S Shaibah
2-Neuroanatomy. Dr.Jamal Abdeen & Dr.Hassan S Shaibah
Clinical Anatomy by RegionsBy Richard S Snell
Gray's Anatomy for StudentsRichard L. Drake (Author), A. Wayne Vogl (Author), Adam W. M. Mitchell (Author)
Clinical Neuroanatomy by Richard S. Snell (Author)
Atlas of Anatomy (Thieme Anatomy) Head and Neuroanatomy (THIEME Atlas
of Anatomy)
Grant's Dissector Eberhardt K. Sauerland (Author), Sauerland (Author)
1- gloves2-Labe coat3-Dissection kit(scissors, scalpel surgical blades, forceps.4- atlas and a dissector5Group file
Each group must have:
At the end of this lecture :
What is the nervous system What the component of a neuron
and its type The Division of nervous system Understand the difference between
Spinal nerve and cranial nerve Gray matter and white matter
diffrence reading Snell clinical Neuroanatomy
(Page 2-14)
What are the 2 systems control the functions of the body?
A. Nervous system
B. Endocrine system
environment
animalorganism
animalorganism
Nervous system
sensory neuron
stimulus reaction
effectorInter-neuronreceptor
Motorneuron
Nervous System stimulus and reaction Nervous System stimulus and reaction
Nervous system
Functional unit of NS
Neuron:
1- Neuronal Cell Body (Soma)
2- Neuronal Processes
A- Axon
B-Dendrites
1. nucleus1. nucleus
2. perikaryon 2. perikaryon
3. cell body3. cell body
4. axon4. axon
5. dendrite5. dendrite
6. Nissl body6. Nissl body
7. axon hillock7. axon hillock
8. myelin sheath8. myelin sheath
9. oligodendrocyte9. oligodendrocyte
10. Schwann cell10. Schwann cell
11. skeletal muscle cell11. skeletal muscle cell
12. neuromuscular junction12. neuromuscular junction
Morphology of
Typical Motor Neuron
Morphology of
Typical Motor Neuron
Different type of Sensory Info:
Myelin Sheath
Types of Neuron
Synapse
Division Of the NSCentral nervous
system (CNS)• Brain• Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)• 31 pair Spinal nerve • 12 pair cranial nerve • Ganglia
Autonomic nervous system
(ANS)
-sympathetic-parasympathetic
Organization of CNS from inside
1. White matter axons “nerve fibers” 2. Gray matter cell bodies “soma”
Spinal cord
Brain
PNS
PNS
1. 31 pairs Spinal nerve
2. 12 cranial nerve
3.Dorsal Root Ganglion “DRGs”
Cranial and spinal Nerves 12 pair of cranial nerves leave the brain
through foramina in the skull 31 pairs of spinal nerves leaves through
intervertbral foramina in the verterebral column 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
31 pairs of spinal Nerves
Autonomic Nervous System “ANS”
Innervate involuntary structure e.g. heart, smooth muscles, glands.
Composed of :1. Sympathetic NS emergency 2. Parasympathetic NS restoring
Covering of Brain & spinal cord
Both are covered by 3 meninges layer:1. Dura matter2. Arachnoid matter3. Pia matter
Brain
Spinal Cord
Beginning & end of spinal cord
Begin at froman magnun as contnioution of medulla obblungate
Terminate at lumbar region Flium terminal ends of pia
Spinal cord segemnt
Spinal nerve
Composed of 2 roots: Anterior ( impulse from the CNS) efferent
or motor. Originate from anterior horn Posterior (impulse To the CNS) afferent
or sensory e.g. touch, pain, temperature cell bodies in DRGs
Anterior and posterior unite to form a spinal nerve exit in Intervertebral foramina( mixed nerve)
Then emerge as anterior (large) and posterior rami (small). (mixed)
Posterior back muscles and skin Anterior anterolateral body wall and
limbs Anterior rami join to form plexus ( e.g.
brachial)
Spinal nerve
Brain
Hindbrain
• 1- Medulla Oblongata
• 2- Pons• 3-
Cerebellum
Midbrain Forebrain
•1- Diencephalon (Dorsal Thalamus & Hypothalamus)•2- Cerebrum (2 Cerebral Hemisphere ) connected by fibers called Corpus Callosum
Midbrain
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Ganglia is 2 types:
1-Sensory Swelling found on
posterior root of each spinal nerve. ( Dorsal root ganglia)
On the course of cranial nerve V,VII,VIII,IX, &X
Types of Ganglia
2- Autonomic Found along
efferent nerve fibers.( e.g sympathetic chain, and ganglia within visceral walls)
