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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Introduction to the First Aid Program
AIM;is to inform the students about the First Aid Program and convey them basic terminology of First Aid.
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
In the end of this lecture the students should be able to;• tell the definition of first aid,• tell the difference between first aid and
emergency care• explain the aims of first aid• list the features of a first aider• explain the details when calling medical help
(112)• tell priorites in First Aid
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
First Aid Program
AIM• to convey terms and concepts related to first aid.
• to equip with first aid skills on the model.
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
First Aid Program
LEARNING OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course, student should be able to:
KNOWLEDGE• explain basic terms and concepts in first aid.• list medical issues requiring first aid and frequently encountered problems.
• list steps of first aid.
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
First Aid ProgramLEARNING OBJECTIVES
SKILLS• apply
• basic life support, • basic transport techniques,• basic bandaging techniques completely and in accordance with the skills check list.
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak7
TOPICS Introduction to the First Aid Programmes Legal Aspect of First Aid Scene Assessment Basic life support Shock and bleeding control The unconscious Causalty Assessment of traumatized patient Injuries Burns, Heatstroke, Frostbite Fractures and dislocation Animal and insect bite Poisoning Foreign objects in the eye,nose,ear Chocking Drowning
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Lecturers Güldal İzbırak, MD Hülya Akan, MD Özlem Tanrıöver, MD Ayse Arzu Akalın, MD
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Assessment
The Midterm exam will be written exam in MCQ style, effecting the 40% of the end of the year grade
The Final exam will be OSCE*, effecting the 60% of the end of the year grade.
*Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE)
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak11
Testing Performance assessmentSelected
response Supply
responseRestricted
performanceExtended
performance
- MCQ- Matching- True-False…
- Essay- Short
answer- Oral exam…
- Maneq. Model exam.- Procedural skills- Laboratory skills
- Standardized patient- MiniCEX- Portfolio…
LOW HIGHREALISM OF TASKS
LOW HIGHCOMPLEXITY OF TASKS
LOW HIGHASSESSMENT TIME NEEDED
Norman E. Grounlund. (2006) Assessment of Student Achievement
LOW HIGHSUBJECTIVITY
LOW HIGHINTEGRATION
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Students rotating through different OSCE stations
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http://www.lts.leeds.ac.uk/bulletin/issue14/page6.php
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
What is First Aid? Webster’s says: “Emergency treatment for
injury etc, before regular medical care is available”
In any life-threatining condition or accident, managing the causalty(ies) with available equipment, without using any medication and medical equipment to save life or prevent condition getting worse.
What does this mean for us? Why should people know First Aid?
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
FIRST AID
If you are the first on the scene of accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling 112. Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery.
Emergency
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
What is Emergency CARE?
Medical treatment by healthcare providers in Emergency units.
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Who is First Aid Provider?
People who manage the causalty(ies) with available equipment, without using any medication and medical equipment in the regard of the principles mentioned in the definition of first aid.
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The difference between first aid and emergency care
Emergency care is performed by qualified persons who are highly educated in this area First aid is performed by anyone who is educated regarding first aid
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
REMOVE THE LIFE-THREATINING CONDITION
PRESERVE LIFE ( Assess and support vital functions)
PREVENT CONDITION GETTING WORSE
PROMOTE RECOVERY
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Assessment In Action…
Recognize the Emergency Decide whether to Help
NOTE! You have not “entered” the scene yet!
Scene Safety (Preserve) Call EMS if needed (Inform)
Still haven’t touched the victim/patient yet! Assess the Victim
OK now you can touch them! Provide Care (Rescue)
*
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
BASIC FIRST AID APPLICATIONS
• Preserve (Scene Assessment)• Inform• Rescue
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY
ASSESSMENT OF:Protection: Decrease the risks and dangerous
statements to the minimum.Provide safety.HAZARDSRISK OF CONTAMINATIONInforming: Call 112 or send someone for getting
helpIntervention:AVAILABILITY OF HELP
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
When NOT to Help!
Unable to access victims Your safety is at risk
Risk of fire, explosion You are ‘medicated’ or,
otherwise impaired
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
SAFETY Roadways Poisons /Chemicals Fire Explosion Other People Number of injured Hazards
Remember! You can’t help anyone if you become injured while trying to render aid!
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
How to Call 112 Information Desired By Dispatchers
Type of emergency and specific location Number of victims/patients Any threats to responders (i.e fire, blocked
roads) Any care given, and any trained rescuers Your name and call back number BE CALM !
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Attributes of the First Aider;
He/she should be good at communication skills own the basic knowledge regarding to the
human bodyHe/she should be able to provide self safety be calm and self confident assess of available sources inform quickly and correctly
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Priorities in Action- 1 Assess the patients /causalties (P/C) (ABC)
and detect the ones who are of first priority Reassure P/C Organize the others Take precautions to prevent the condition of
the P/C getting worse using the available tools Care for fractures in site Keep P/C warm
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Priorities in Action- 2
Do not allow the P/C to see his/her injury Do not move the P/C during your interventions Take precautions for immobilization Recognize and stabilize Suspected Spinal
Injury Transport the causalty with the most
appropriate way to ER
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Why should I help? Ethical
If not you, then who? What if it was your child?
The individual renders care to the best of their abilities without exceeding their training (no pocket knife tracheotomies!)
Remember! You CANNOT HELP anyone if you become injured while trying to render aid!
NOTE: No one can FORCE you to render aid when your safety is at risk!!! There may be circumstances when you should NOT render aid!
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
FOUR RINGS OF “RESCUE LIFE CHAIN”
Inform Basic life Support
Advanced cardiac life Support(Ambulance)
Advanced cardiac life Support
(ER)30
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Four Rings of Chain of Survival 1. Ring: Call 112 2. Ring: Basic Life Support (BLS) at site 3. Ring: Interventions by medical staff in
ambulance 4. Ring: Interventions in Emergency
Department
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Calling 112 Stay calm, if not let a calm person call 112 Answer the questions clearly Give correct address Inform who is calling and give your phone
number Give patient/causalty ID and describe the case Tell how many patient/causalty is involved and
their condition Inform if you have applied first aid and if yes
the details Do not break the line till you are told by the
call center
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
What is the ABC of FIRST AID?Check consciousness, if unconscious
assess quickly ;
Airway (head tilt, chin lift) Breathing (Look, listen, and feel) Circulation (chest compression)
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Describe when and how you would use a tourniquet.
Never !... Contrary to what you may think, the use of a
tourniquet is highly discouraged. Remember, the proper treatment for a wound with flowing blood is: 1) Direct Pressure 2) Elevation 3) Pressure Point, 4) Pinch.
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
You arrive first on the scene of an accident. What is the absolute first thing that you do? .
Survey the scene !... If the person fell down a rock slide, make sure
you don't make the same mistake trying to get to them. Try to discover if a danger is still present and how you are going to avoid it if necessary .
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
What is Hyperglycaemia? Hypoglycaemias? What is standard first aid for each?
Hyperglycemia is caused by too much sugar in the body, hypoglycemia is caused by too little sugar in the body. The treatment for both is to give the patient sugar, because if they are hypoglycemic, it will help, if they are hyperglycemic, it won't do any harm
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
True or False? rubbing butter, yoghurt, margarine or other oil on a burn will help.
False.!... In fact, rubbing these on
may make the burn worse since they
will trap the heat in. For 1st degree
burns and some 2nd degree burns,
run under cold water .
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
What is the correct ratio of chest compressions to breaths when performing CPR?
30 compressions to 2 breaths in 1 person CPR 30 compressions to 2 breaths in 2 person CPR
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
When performing a water rescue, what is the suggested course of action?
Reach, Throw, Go!. It is tempting to jump into the water, swim over,
grab the person and drag them out of the water. This is the way that they do it in the movies, how ever, if you can't swim, there is a strong current, or other factors, you may start drowning and also need rescuing!
A better course of action is first to try to reach out to the person from a stable position, or reach to them with something, a branch, paddle, etc.
If they are too far away, try throwing them something. Throw them a life ring, a life vest, toss that towards them, it'll give them something to hold onto and float with.
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
What one treatment should always be done regardless of the type of injury?
Treat for shock, and treat for shock!
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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
A well-stocked first aid kit is a handy thing to have. To be prepared for emergencies:
Keep a first aid kit in your home and in your car.
Carry a first aid kit with you or know where you can find one.
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
Whether you buy a first aid kit or put one together, make sure it has all the items you may need:
Include any personal items such as medications and emergency phone numbers or other items your health-care provider may suggest.
Check the kit regularly. Make sure the flashlight batteries work. Check expiration dates and replace any used
or out-of-date contents.
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
First Aid Kit -1 2 absorbent compress dressings (5 x 9 inches) 25 adhesive bandages (assorted sizes) 1 adhesive cloth tape (10 yards x 1 inch) 5 antibiotic ointment packets (approximately 1 gram) 5 antiseptic wipe packets 2 packets of aspirin (81 mg each) 1 blanket (space blanket) 1 breathing barrier (with one-way valve) 1 instant cold compress 2 pair of nonlatex GLOVES (size: large??) 2 hydrocortisone ointment packets (approximately 1
gram each)
Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak
First Aid Kit-2 Scissors 1 roller bandage (3 inches wide) 1 roller bandage (4 inches wide) 5 sterile gauze pads (3 x 3 inches) 5 sterile gauze pads (4 x 4 inches) Oral thermometer (non-mercury/nonglass) 2 triangular bandages Tweezers First aid instruction booklet