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Introduction to the Lower Limb
Basic Organization of the Lower Limb• Axial Skeleton vs Appendicular Skeleton
Articulation with Axial Skeleton
Basic Organization of the Lower Limb
• Segments– Pelvic girdle (gluteal)
Basic Organization of the Lower Limb
• Segments– Pelvic girdle (gluteal)– Thigh
Basic Organization of the Lower Limb
• Segments– Pelvic girdle (gluteal)– Thigh– Leg
Basic Organization of the Lower Limb
• Segments– Pelvic girdle (gluteal)– Thigh– Leg– Foot
Development of the Lower Limb
Development of the Lower Limb
Angle of Inclination
Angle of Anteversion
Vasculature of the Lower Limb
Superficial veins
Great saphenous v.
Small saphenous v.
Arterial Blood Supply
External Iliac a
Femoral a
Internal Iliac a
Superior gluteal a
Inferior gluteal a
Obturator a
Superior Gluteal aInferior Gluteal a
Branches of Internal Iliac Artery
Branches of Internal Iliac Artery
Obturator artery
External Iliac Artery
Femoral Artery
ASIS
Femoral a.
Deep femoral a
Adductor Canal
Femoral a.
Deep femoral a
Adductor Canal
Deep Femoral Artery
Femoral a.
Deep femoral a
Adductor Hiatus
Popliteal a
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Popliteal Fossa
Colateral circulation:Medial superior genicular a.Lateral superior genicular a.Middle genicular a.Medial inferior genicular a.Lateral inferior genicular a.
Popliteal artery
Posterior AnteriorTibial a. Tibial a.
Branches of the Popliteal Artery
Posterior Tibial Artery
Fibular a.
Med. Plantar a. Lat. Plantar a.
Anterior Tibial Artery
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
medial lateral
Dorsal & Plantar CirculationPosterior Tibial a
Medial & Lateral Plantar aa.
Dorsalis Pedis a.
Arcuate a. Deep plantar a.
Deep plantar a.
Gluteal Fascia Fascia Lata Crural Fascia
Fascia of the Lower Limb
Fascia Lata
Fascial Compartments
Crural Fascia
Fascial Compartments
Innervation of the Lower Limb
Gluteal innervation:Gluteus maximus: inferior gluteal n.
Gluteal innervation:
Superior gluteal n:
• gluteus medius m.
• gluteus minimus m.
• tensor fascia lata
Innervation & blood supply to gluteus maximus m.
Inferior gluteal n
Superior and inferior gluteal a & v
Nerve to obturator internus
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Medial compartment of the thigh
Posterior compartment of the thighHamstring mm: arise from ischial tuberosity & innervated by tibial division of sciatic n.
Superficial posterior compartment of the leg
Innervation: tibial n.
Deep posterior copartment of the leg
Innervation: tibial nerve
Tibial nerve
Medial & Lateral plantar nerves
Common Fibular (Peroneal) division of the sciatic nerve
Lateral crural compartment:
Superficial fibular nerveFibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Anterior crural compartment:
Deep fibular nerveTibialis anterior m.
Extensor hallucis longus m.
Extensor digitorum longus m.
Fibularis tertius m.
Dorsum of the foot: deep fibular nerveExtensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Key dermatomesnipples - T4
umbilicus - T10
hip crease - L1
great toe - L4
5th toe - S1
ANTERIOR
COMPARTMENT
MEDIAL
COMPARTMENT
POSTERIOR
COMPARTMENT
LATERAL
COMPARTMENT
THIGH
LEG
FOOT
NERVE
CORD LEVELS
MUSCLES SUPPLIED
SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE
INFERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE
N. TO OBTERATOR INTERNUS
N. TO QUADRATUS FEMORUS