INTRODUCTION TO TRIDOSHA SIDHANTA

Presenter : Dr Santhosh C

Chairperson : Dr Kishore Kumar

Assistant Professor (Ayurveda)

Dept . of Integrative Medicine, NIMHANS

“Sarvam dravyam panchabhoutikamasminnarthe”-

“Purusho ayam loka sammitaha”

What is Tridosha

➢ Definition

➢ Structurally

➢ Functionally –

➢ biological application of panchamahabhuta

➢ Balance state – Health

➢ Imbalance – diseased

Why to understand ???

➢ Body constitution

➢ Biological functions

➢ Pathology

➢ Diagnosis

➢ Treatment

➢ Medicinal plants /

Formulations

PMB constitution of Tridosha

➢ AKASA + VAYU - Vata (Motional Energy)

➢ AGNI - Pitta (Chemical Activities)

➢ JALA + PRITHWI - Kapha (Solid Substratum)

➢ Sthana (location)

➢ Guna (qualities) -

➢ Karma (function)

➢ Variation associated with

age, day, night & season

➢ Sub types & functions

➢ Etiological factors

➢ Symptom clusters

➢ Diagnosis and management

Location

VATA

PITTA

KAPHA

DOSHA STHANA

VATA PITTA KAPHA

Pakwasaya – Intestines Nabhi – Umbilicus Uras – Chest

Kati - Pelvic Amasaya – Stomach Kanta – Throat

Sakthi – Limbs Sweda – Sweat Sira – Head

Srotra – Ears Lasika - Lymph Kloma – Trachea

Asthi – Bone Tissue Rudhiram – Blood Tissue Parva – Joint

Sparsanendriya – Skin Sparsana - Skin Amasaya – Stomach

Drik – Eye Meda – Fat Tissues

Rasa – Lymph Rasa – Lymph

Ghranam – Nose

Jihwa – Tongue

Vata-Qualities

Vata dosha

➢ Ruksha – Dry

➢ Laghu – Light

➢ Seeta – Cold

➢ Khara – Rough

➢ Sukshma –Subtle

➢ Chala – Movement

Pitta-Qualities

Pitta dosha

➢ Ushna – Hot

➢ Teekshna –Sharp

➢ Laghu – Light

➢ Visra – Foetid

➢ Sara – flowing

➢ Drava – Liquidity

kapha-Qualities

Kapha Dosha

• Snigdha – oily

• Seeta – Cold

• Guru – Heavy

• Manda – slowness

• Slakshna – Fine

• Mritsna – Sticky

• Sthira – Stability

SAMANYA VISESHA SIDHANTA

Equal and opposite forces can produce a

state of equilibrium

AGE

Childhood Adult Old age

Vata Pitta Kapha

Morning Noon Evening

DAY TIME

Vata

Pitta

Kapha

1st part of

night

mid night last part of

night

NIGHT TIME

Vata

Pitta

Kapha

State of Dosha during Digestion

Beginning of Digestion During Digestion Completion of Digestion

Digestion

Vata

Pitta

Kapha

DOSHA – Seasonal Variation

CHAYA PRAKOPA PRASAMA

VATA GRISHMA

(Summer)

VARSHA (Rainy

Season)

SARAT (Autumn)

PITTA VARSHA (Rainy

Season)

SARAT (Autumn) HEMANTA (Early

Winter)

KAPHA SISIRA (Late

Winter)

VASANTA (Spring) GREESHMA

(Summer)

DosHa & Tastes • Sweet

• Sour

• Salt VATA

• Pungent

• Bitter

• Astringent VATA

• Astringent

• Bitter

• SweetPITTA

• Sour

• Salt

• Pungent PITTA

• Pungent

• Bitter

• Astringent KAPHA

• Sweet

• Sour

• Salt KAPHA

DosHa Karma

➢ Systemic level

➢ Cellular level

➢ Physiological – Psychological

VATA KARMA

➢ Stimulator/ Enthusiasm

➢ Process of respiration

➢ Excretory functions

➢ Controller of movements

➢ Circulation of dhatus

INPUT – OUTPUT (Transport) mechanism

at cellular & Systemic level

PITTA KARMA

➢ Digestion

➢ Metabolism

➢ Thermal regulation

➢ Vision

➢ Luster and complexion

➢ HMF

• Turnover mechanism at cellular and systemic level

KAPHA KARMA

➢ Storage & Nourishment

➢ Stability

➢ Compactness

➢ Lubrication

➢ Stability of joints

➢ HMF

• Storage mechanism at cellular level

• VATA – SUB TYPES

• Pranavata

• Udana vata

• Vyana vata

• Samana vata

• Apana vata

SUB TYPES SEAT/ PATH

OF

MOVEMENT

FUNCTIONS

PRANA VATA Head (Chest-

Head)

HMF

Ingestion of food

Respiration

Sneeze, Cough,

Hiccough

CNS

UDANA VATA Chest ( Nose –

Umbilicus)

Speech

Initiator

Memory

CNS

SAMANA VATA Stomach Digestion DgS

VYNA VATA Heart (all over

body)

Movements of LMS LMS

APANA VATA Rectum (

Pelvis – Genito

Urinary

system)

Micturition

Defecation

Menstruation

Ejaculation

Parturition

Genitourinary

System

PITTA SUBTYPES

• Aochaka pitta

• Sadaka pitta

• Ranjaka pitta

• Pachaka pitta

• Bhrajaka pitta

SUB TYPES Seat/ Path of

movement

Functions

Pachaka pitta Duodenum Digestion

Divides essence and

excrement

Strengthen other sub

types

DgS

Ranjaka pitta Stomach Digestion DgS

Sadhaka pitta Heart HMF CVS/CNS

Alochaka pitta Eyes Vision CNS

Bhrajaka pitta SKIN Color & Complexion of

skin

Epithelia

KAPHA SUBTYPES

• Bodhaka Kapha

• Tarpaka Kapha

• Avalambaka Kapha

• Kledaka Kapha

• Sleshaka Kapha

SUB TYPES Seat/ Path of

movement

Functions

AVALAMBAKA

KAPHA

Chest Nourishment of Hridaya and

rest of kapha sthanas

CVS

KLEDAKA KAPHA Stomach Digestion DgS

BODHAKA KAPHA Tounge HMF DgS

SLESHAKA

KAPHA

Joints Stability & Smooth

functioning of joints

Musculo

skeletal

TARPAKA KAPHA Head Nourishes Sense organs CNS

Establishing the Scientific Validity of Tridosha Alex hankey 2010

ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS • Kala (season)

• Atiyoga

• Ayoga

• Mithya yoga

• Karma• Physical

• Mental

• Verbal

• Contact of sense organs with objects• Atiyoga

• Ayoga

• Mithya yoga

DIETARY REGIMEN PSYCHOLOGICAL

Under nutrition

Dry, rough, cold items

Bitter, astringent, pungent

foods

Suppression of urges

Being wake during night

Excess physical activity

Loud & excess speech

Atiyoga of pancha karma

Fear

Excess thoughts/ worries

Sadness (sokam)

DIETARY REGIMEN PSYCHOLOGICAL

Hot, salt sour spicy food

items

Foods which can produce

vidaha

Work exposing to heat Anger

DIETARY REGIMEN PSYCHOLOGICAL

Cold, oily, heavy items

Sweet, sour and salt foods

Over nutrition

Day sleep

Lack of physical activity

Achintana

• “Sarveshameva roganam nidanam kupito

malah” (A. H. Ni. 1/12)

• 63 combinations

Symptoms of Vitiated Vata

➢ Sramsa – Prolapse

➢ Vyasa – Dilatation

➢ Swapa – numbness

➢ Sada – fatigue

➢ Sanga – stagnation

➢ Sosha – Atrophy/

wasting

➢ Sthambha – Stiffness

➢ Sankocha –

Contractions

➢ harshana – Goose hair

➢ Kampa – Tremor

➢ Parushya – Roughness

➢ Soushirya – Porosity

➢ Spandana – Pulsation/

fasciculation

• Pain:

➢ Vyadha – Piercing pain

➢ Ruk – continuous pain

➢ Toda – pricking pain

➢ Bheda – cutting pain

➢ Angabhanga – splitting pain

➢ Veshtanam – compressing pain

➢ vatha – localized ache

PITTA

➢ Daha – Burning sensation

➢ Raga – Redness

➢ Ushma – Heat

➢ Pakita – Pus formation

➢ Sweda – sweating

PITTA

KAPHA

➢ Sneha – Excess

unctousness

➢ Katinya – Hardness

➢ Kandu – itching

➢ Sitatwa – coldness

➢ Gouravam – heaviness

➢ Bandha – Obstruction

KAPHA

➢ Sthaimithya – inactivity

➢ Sopha – edema

➢ Apakti –indigestion

➢ Atinidrata – excess sleep

➢ Upalepa – coating

Stages of disease manifestation

1. Sanchaya (Accumulation of Doshas in own abode

➢ Vata chaya : Fullness of abdomen

➢ Pitta chaya : Yellowish discoloration of skin,

Hypothermia

➢ Kapha chaya: Poor digestion, Heaviness of body

and laziness

In addition, one develops aversion to the etiological factor

Prakopa( Excess accumulation of doshas)

• Vata Kopa: Abdominl pain, Movement of gases in

abdomen.

• Pitta kopa: Sour belching, Burning sensation, Thirst

• Kapha kopa: aversion to food, Nausea & excess

salivation

• Desire to have substances with properties Opposite to

the causative agents.

Prasara stage(The dissemination of the doshas)

• Vata Prasara – Sounds in abdomen, vimarga gamana

• Pitta Prasara – hot flushes

• Kapha Prasara – indigestion, dull aches, vomitting

Sthana Samsraya(Localization of doshas)

• This is a stage of localization of disseminated doshas

in a particular site or stage of prodromal symptoms.

• The disseminated doshas get localized in a tissue or

organ whose defense mechanism is weak.

Vyakta Avastha(disease manifestation)

• Classical signs and symptoms of a disease

manifests.

How to elicit Tridosha in a patient??

• Specific set of symptoms.

E.g. Pittonmada

Pithat santarjana krodha mushti loshtabhidravam …||

• Cervical radiculopathy

– Numbness, stiffness, tingling sensation - Vata

– Age – vata

– Occupation – karma atiyoga/mithyayoga

– Disc dehydration & Straight spine – Kapha kshaya

• Tenia versicolor

– itching , oozing – kapha +++

– Burning sensation, spreading – pitta ++

• Atopic dermatitis

– Dry skin (ruksha), scaling (khara, laghu) – vata

– Itching – kapha

– Itching more during night – vata

• APD

– Chest burn (ushna, tikshna) – pitta

– sour belchinng (dravtwa) – Pitta

• CACP –

– Age – Kapha

– Stiffness (sita)& difficulty in walking (chala) –

vata – vyanavata

– kaphaavruta vyana vata

Selection of Treatment

Sodhana Treatment

• Vata – Enema

• Pitta – Purgation

• Kapha – Emesis

Samana Treatment

• Single drug

– Rasa panchaka

– Specific action

• Formulation –

– On which dosa it acts

– Indications

• Diet -

Time of administration of medicine

• Empty stomach – Kapha

• Beginning of food – apana vata

• Middle of food – Pitta & samana vata

• End of food – vyana vata (day) udana vata (night)

• With morsal & in between two morsal – prana vata

• Along with food – Indigestion

• Repeated administration – cough, dyspnea, hiccough

• Night – ENT, Eye diseases

Only Tridosha Understanding is sufficient

• SEVEN DHATUS

• THIRTEEN SROTAS

• NIDANA PANCHAKA

• AVARANA

• AGNI & AAMA etc.

Tridosha – scope of researches

• CHRONO BIOLOGY & CHRONO THERAPEUTICS

• Circadian and other biorhythms have beenrecognised to have important roles in understandingphysiology and in planning pharmacologicalinterventions.

• This approach is highly beneficial in themanagement of major chronotherapeutic conditionssuch as asthma, allergic rhinitis, cardiovasculardisorders, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer.

Person-centered healthcare

• Genomic research can now serve as the

basis for many medical decisions in the

form of ‘individualised medicine’.

• Precise prediction and treatment of certain

diseases has now become possible because

of the various genomic tools.

• Extensive metabolizer genotype – Pitta prakriti

CONCLUSION

• Tridosha – Functional basis

• Simplest way to understand health and disease

• Imbalance results from number of variables.

• Key for diagnosis and planning management

THANK YOU