Introduction toUnited States Government

Information Sources

Sixth Edition

Joe Morehead

1999Libraries Unlimited, Inc.

Englewood, Colorado

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations xixPreface to the Sixth Edition xxiAcknowledgments xxv

1—THE TRANSFORMATION OFGOVERNMENT INFORMATION 1

INTRODUCTION 1FROM ARPANET TO INTERNET 2THE INTERNET AND ITS METAPHORS 4WHO WILL TAME THE INTERNET? 5THE LOSS OF INFORMATION 6BEDAZZLED BY THE FUTURE 6GOVERNMENT INFORMATION ISSUES 8

Privatizing Government Information 8Preserving Government Information 8Public Access to Government Information 10Authenticity and Integrity of Government Information . . . . 11Government Information in the Public Domain 12

CONCLUSION 12NOTES 13

2—GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEPROGRAMS AND SERVICES 15

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GOVERNMENTPRINTING OFFICE 15

THE GPO TODAY 17Fiscal Year Appropriations 17Computer-to-Plate Technology 18GPO Access 19Government Information Locator Service 20

V l l

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2—GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEPROGRAMS AND SERVICES (continued)THE OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS . . . . 21

Structure and Functions of the SuDocs Office 21The Sales Program 22

GPO Bookstores 23Current Awareness Sources 23

United States Government Information 25New Products from the U.S. Government 25U.S. Government Subscriptions 25Consumer Information Catalog 25Subject Bibliographies (SB) Series 28

The Internet Sales Connection 28Sales Product Catalog 28Other Online Sales Products 30

CATALOGING ISSUES AND ACTIVITIES 31Cataloging Electronic Titles 31CONSER, OCLC, and PURLs 33WorldCat 33Monthly Catalog on FBB 34The Future of Internet Cataloging 34

SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS CLASSIFICATIONSYSTEM 35

Classifying Electronic Products 38Classifying Fugitive Publications 39Guides to the SuDocs Classification System 41

GIVING PRINT ITS DUE 41NOTES 42

3 — T H E F E D E R A L D E P O S I T O R Y L I B R A R Y P R O G R A M . . . . 4 5INTRODUCTION 45A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FDLP 47

The Printing Act of 1895 47The Depository Library Act of 1962 47

THE FDLP TODAY 48Categories and Designations 49

Federal Depository Library Directory 50Inspection Program 51Biennial Survey 52Depository Library Council 52Disposition Guidelines 53Listservs and askLPS 54FDLP Partnerships 54Expunge This Doc! 55Fugitive Documents 56

Contents / ix

Selected Tools of the Trade 57List of Classes 57Shipping Lists 57Items and Item Lister 59

Inactive or Discontinued Items 60Documents Data Miner 60

Documents Expediting Project (Doc Ex) 60CONCLUSION 62NOTES 63

4—GENERAL FINDING AIDS AND SELECTEDREFERENCE SOURCES 65INTRODUCTION 65RETROSPECTIVE SOURCES 66PRINT RESOURCES 67GENERAL GUIDES 69INTERNET SITES 70AGENCY HISTORIES 72PROFESSIONAL LITERATURE 73DIRECTORIES 74CITATION MANUALS 75BIBLIOGRAPHIES 75ACRONYMS 76INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 77AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS 77CATALOGS, INDEXES, AND CHECKLISTS 79

Poore (1774-1881) 79Ames (1881-1893) 80Checklist (1789-1909) 80Document Catalog (1893-1940) 81Monthly Catalog (1895- ) 81

The MOCAT Today: Print and CD-ROM 82Periodicals Supplement to the MOCAT 84The MOCAT on the Internet 85

INDEXES TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONALSERIAL SET 87

Greely (1789-1817) . 88Tables and Index (1817-1893) 88Document Index (1895-1933) 89Numerical Lists and Schedule of Volumes (1933-1980) . . 89Monthly Catalog—Congressional Serial Set Supplements . 89CIS US Serial Set Index, 1789-1969 90

PERIODICAL INDEXES 90Government Journals in Electronic Formats 91

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4—GENERAL FINDING AIDS AND SELECTEDREFERENCE SOURCES (continued)COMMERCIAL SOURCES ENHANCING USE OF MOCAT . . . 92

Personal Author Indexes 93The Readex Collection 93Other Non-Print Products 94

POPULAR NAME CATALOG 95ACCESSING OLDER PRIMARY SOURCES 95

Upgrading the GPO Shelflist 96SUMMARY 97NOTES 98

5 — L E G I S L A T I V E B R A N C H I N F O R M A T I O N S O U R C E S . . . . 1 0 1

INTRODUCTION 101THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS 102

Introduction of Legislation 105Bills (H.R.;S.) 105Joint Resolutions (H.J.Res.; S.J.Res.) 106Concurrent Resolutions (H.Con.Res.; S.Con.Res.) . . . 110Resolutions (H.Res.; S.Res.) 110

Committee Action 114Hearings 119Committee Prints 120Committee Reports 121

Floor Action 122Congressional Record 125

Action in the Other Chamber 131The Conference Committee 131Presidential Action 133

The Brief Existence of the Line-Item Veto 136PUBLICATION OF LAWS 136

Slip Laws 137United States Statutes at Large 137United States Code 139

Revised Statutes 139Commercial Editions 139Shepard's and KeyCite 140Popular Names Indexes 140

Electronic Sources of Public Laws 141PRIVATE LEGISLATION 141

Legislative Procedure 142Sources of Information 145

THE UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL SERIAL SET. '. . '. 146House and Senate Reports 147House and Senate Documents 147

Contents / xi

Senate Treaty Documents 148Senate Executive Reports 149Numerical Lists and Schedule of Volumes 150Distribution of Serial Set Is Abridged 153Assigned Serial Set Numbers Not Used 153Departmental and Congressional "Editions" 153The Serial Set on Microfiche 155Serial Set Classification 155

Other Reports Required by Congress 157LEGISLATIVE HISTORIES AND LEGISLATIVE INTENT. . . . 159

Selective Information Sources 161Commercial Sources 161Government Sources 162

SELECTIVE CONGRESSIONAL INFORMATION 164House and Senate Journals 164House and Senate Manuals 165Memorial Addresses 166Constitution of the United States 166Directories 167Financial Disclosure 169Major Studies and Issue Briefs 170Congressional Quarterly, Inc 170

SUMMARY 171NOTES 171

6—THE PRESIDENCY 175INTRODUCTION 175THE WHITE HOUSE COMPLEX 175EXECUTIVE ORDERS AND PROCLAMATIONS 176Title 3, CFR 181Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 181Public Papers of the Presidents 182Codification of Presidential Proclamations and

Executive Orders 183EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 185

Office of Management and Budget 185The Budget of t h e United S t a t e s G o v e r n m e n t . . . . 1 8 5

Economic Report of the President 188Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance 188

Government Assistance Almanac 189North American Industry Classification System 189

O'NET: THE OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION NETWORK. . 190O*NET Products 191

Occupational Compensation Survey 191Occupational Outlook Handbook 191PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEES AND

COMMISSIONS 192

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6—THE PRESIDENCY (continued)

Presidential Libraries 195TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS 196

United States Department of State Dispatch 198Treaties in Force 199Treaties and Other International Acts Series 201United States Treaties and Other International

Agreements 204Treaties and Other International Agreements of

the United States of America, 1776-1949 204Official Supporting Series 205International Law Digests 206

Commercial Sources for Treaties and Agreements 206Treaty Internet Sites 212AMERICAN INDIAN LAWS AND TREATIES 213NOMINATIONS 214REORGANIZATION PLANS 215United States Government Manual 216SUMMARY 218NOTES 218

7—ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: REGULATIONSAND DECISIONS 221INTRODUCTION 221BACKGROUND 222THE FEDERAL REGISTER AND THE CODE

OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS 223The Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations 225Privacy Act Notices 226Congressional Oversight 226Content Differences: FR and CFR 227

Constitutional Amendments 227Emergency Rulemaking 228

SEARCHING THE FR AND CFR 229Commercial Online Databases 229CD-ROM Products 229Internet Sites 230Print and Microfiche Sources 231

Shepard's CFR Citations 231Updating the CFR 232

Page/Date Conversion Tables 237SPECIFICITY AND LANGUAGE 237THE REGULATORY DILEMMA 239ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS 241NOTES 242

Contents / xiii

8—LEGAL INFORMATION SOURCES 245INTRODUCTION 245THE LEGAL PUBLISHING LANDSCAPE 248REFERENCE AND RESEARCH AIDS 250

Basic Resources 250Citation Forms and Controversies 251

Universal Citation System 251Copyright Issues 252

Encyclopedias 254Dictionaries 255Directories 255Legal Periodical Literature 256

Indexes 257Periodical Citators 257

Digests 257Annotated Law Reports 259

Finding Aids 260Electronic Services 260

Looseleaf Reporters 261Shepard's Citations 261

Shepard's Federal Units 262Case Names Citators 263Electronic Versions 263

Popular Names of Cases 264Other Legal Sources 264

FEDERAL COURT REPORTS 264District and Appellate Courts 265

Federal Reporter 265Federal Supplement 266Other Lower Court Reporters 266

The United States Supreme Court 267Official Supreme Court Series 268United States Supreme Court Reports,

Lawyers' Edition 270Supreme Court Reporter 271United States Law Week 271Nominative Reporting 275Supreme Court Records and Briefs 275Supreme Court Oral Arguments 276

Judicial Conference Records 277ELECTRONIC SOURCES AND SERVICES 277

Evaluative Tools 277Project Hermes 278Commercial Online Services 278CD-ROM Products 279Internet Sites 279

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8—LEGAL INFORMATION SOURCES (continued)

SUMMARY 281NOTES 282

9—STATISTICAL SOURCES 285

INTRODUCTION 285SELECTED INTERNET RESOURCES 288Commercial Sources 288

Contents of American Statistics Index 288Statistical Universe 289

Government Sources 291STAT-USA 291

USA Trade 294Bureau of Export Administration 294TIC Export Information 295FedStats 295White House Site 296

MAJOR STATISTICAL AGENCIES 296Bureau of Labor Statistics 296

Employment and Unemployment 297Prices and Living Conditions 299Other BLS Series 301

Bureau of the Census 302Basic Information Sources 304

Census Catalog & Guide 304Historical Catalogs 305Monthly Product Announcement 305Census and You 306CenStats Replaces CENDATA 306

Major Statistical Compendia 306Statistical Abstract of the United States 306Historical Statistics of the United States,

Colonial Times to 1970 308State and Metropolitan Area Data Book 309County and City Data Book 309

Census Depository Libraries 310Personal Census Records Searching 310State Data Centers 311Census Geography 312

TIGER Mapping Service 313Intercensal Publishing 313OTHER STATISTICAL SOURCES 314Selected Agencies 316THE CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING 320Historical Overview 320

Contents / xv

Constitutional Issues 322Census 2000 Strategies 324BEYOND 2000 329

American Community Survey 329American FactFinder 330

SUMMARY 330NOTES 331

10—INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 333INTRODUCTION 333TRADE SECRETS 333

Trade Secrets Federalized 335PATENTS 335

Types of Patents 337Claims and Prior Art 338When Patents Expire 339Basic Information Sources 340Manual Searching 340Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries 342Automated Patent System 343Patent Search Room 344Patents on the CASSIS CD-ROM Series 344Internet Sites 345Commercial Online Databases 348International Patent Classification 348Other Patent Publications 349Patent Law 349

TRADEMARKS 352Types of Trademarks 353

Service Marks 353Basic Information Sources 354Electronic Data Protected 354Depository Library Logo 354Design Phrase 355Trademarks on the CASSIS CD-ROM Series 355Official Gazette—Trademarks 357Internet Sites 357Trademark Search Library 358Commercial Online Databases 358Domain Names and Trademark Issues 359Trademark Law 361

COPYRIGHT 363Exclusive Rights 364Works Protected 364Works Not Protected 365Fair Use 365

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10—INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (continued)

COPYRIGHT (continued)Copyright Arbitration Panels 366Internet Sites 367Commercial Online Databases 367Official Copyright Publications 368Shepard's Citator 368Three in One 369Copyright Law 369

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act 370WHAT THE FUTURE MAY HOLD 370NOTES 371

11—SELECTED DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIESBY FUNCTION 373INTRODUCTION 373SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 373National Technical Information Service 374

The NTIS Mandate 376NTIS Access Tools 376Document Accession Notation 379Pricing Methods 380

Department of Energy 380Department of Energy Databases 381Other DOE Resources 382

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 383NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program . . . . 383NASA RECONplus 384NASA at Forty 384

Defense Technical Information Center 384Technical Report Database 385Technical Effort and Management System Database 386Independent Research and Development Database 386Selected Internet Reference Tools 386

EDUCATION 386Educational Resources Information Center 387

ERIC/IT 388Bibliographic Sources 388

Resources in Education 388Current Index to Journals in Education 390

Electronic Editions of RIE and CUE 390ACCESS ERIC 392

FDLP/ERIC Digital Library Project 393

Contents / xvii

DECLASSIFIED INFORMATION 393Central Intelligence Agency 394

The CIA Web Site 394Foreign Broadcast Information Service 395

Joint Publications Research Service 396Dissemination of FBIS Series 396Copyright Caveat 397

Commercially Available Declassified Documents 397Library Awareness Program 400AUDITS AND EVALUATIONS 401General Accounting Office 402

GAO Print Resources 403GAO Legislative Histories 403The GAO's Web Site 403

SUMMARY 405NOTES 405

12—GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SOURCES 407INTRODUCTION 407FEDERAL CARTOGRAPHIC ACTIVITIES 408

Major Mapping and Charting Agencies 408National Ocean Service 408National Imagery and Mapping Agency 410United States Geological Survey 411

Depository Library Procedures 416Serial Set Maps 416Library of Congress Panoramic Maps 417

MrSID and LizardTech 418LandviewIII 418GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS 420

GIS and Global Change 421GIS Private and Public Sector Uses 422

GAZETTEERS 423Decision Lists 423Geographic Names Information System 424NIMA Gazetteers 427The Romance of Names 427

NOTES 428

Appendix: The Impeachment and Trial of the President:A Chronology of Primary Source Materials 431

Title/Series Index 441Subject/Name Index 463