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Introduction to Virtualization
Michael Otey
Technical Director
Windows IT Pro Magazine
What this session covers• Types of Virtualization
– Hardware Virtualization– Virtual Machine Virtualization– Application Virtualization
• Future directions in Virtualization
Hardware Partitioning
Scenarios for Hardware Partitioning• Server Consolidation
– Reduced TCO– Increased server utilization
• Separate production and test environments
• Application Isolation
Hardware Partitioning• Physical system is
divided into multiple partitions
• One or more CPUs per partition
• Full electrical isolation between partitions
• Redundant hardware components
Hardware Partitioning• High-end Servers
– HP Itanium– Unisys ES7000– Fujitsu PrimeQuest
• Multiple hardware partitions– Up to 8
• Assignment of physical resource per partition– CPUs– Memory– I/O
• Cluster “in-a-box” support
Hardware Partitioning Summary• Can Consolidate multiple servers
– Reduced administration
• Requires high-end servers– Usually Itanium based– Can be expensive
• Limited number of partitions
Virtual Machine Virtualization
Virtualization Scenarios• Server consolidation
• Multiple OS & Application support
• Lab and Deployment Testing
• Training
• Disaster Recovery
• Application Isolation
Virtual Machine Virtualization
System HardwareSystem Hardware
Host Operating SystemHost Operating System
Virtual Machine ManagerVirtual Machine Manager
Virtual MachineVirtual Machine
Guest OSGuest OS(Windows 2003)(Windows 2003)
ApplicationsApplications
Virtual MachineVirtual Machine Virtual MachineVirtual Machine
Guest OSGuest OS(Windows NT)(Windows NT)
Guest OSGuest OS(Windows 2000)(Windows 2000)
ApplicationsApplications ApplicationsApplications
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Virtualization Overview• Virtual Machine Guest Environment
VM Hard Disk Options• Virtual Hard Disks
– Fixed– Dynamic
• Virtual Hard Disk Features– Snapshots– Undo disks– Differencing Disks
VM Networking Options• Virtual
Networking– None– Internal– External (Bridged)
Virtual Machine Additions• Installed after the guest OS
– Typically from installed IS image– Improves VM performance
• Enhanced SVGA video drivers
• Improved mouse support
• Drag-and-drop with the host
• Time synchronization
64-bit Support• 64-bit host support
– Windows Server SE and EE x64
• x64 eliminates physical memory restrictions
• 64-bit Virtual Machine Manager– Larger kernel address
space
Virtual Machine Types and Uses• Desktop Products
– Development– Testing – Training
• Server Products– Server consolidation– Disaster Recovery– High Availability– Testing and deployment
Desktop Virtualization(Virtual PC, Workstation)
Server Virtualization(Virtual Server, Virtual Server 2005)
Designed for running one or two desktop systems
Designed for running multiple server systems
Runs on the desktop Runs as a service
Windows management UI Web management UI
Local virtual disks only SAN Support
No management API Management API
VM supports audio No VM audio support
Virtual Machine Products• Desktop
– VMware Workstation 5.5– Virtual PC 2004
VMware Workstation 5.5• First VM Product• 64-bit host &
guests• 2-way virtual SMP• SCSI VHDs• Multiple snapshots• Compatible VM
images w/ Virtual Server
• Can Import MS VM Images
• USB & Audio support
• $189
VMware Workstation 5.5• Supported HostsWindows Server 2003 Standard Edition, SP1 Windows Server 2003 Web Edition, SP1 Windows Server 2003 Small Business Edition, SP1
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, SP1 Windows Server 2003 R2 Windows XP Home Edition, SP1, SP2
Windows XP Professional, SP1, SP2 Windows 2000 Server SP3, SP4 Windows 2000 Professional, SP3, SP4
Windows 2000 Advanced Server, SP3, SP4 Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition SP1 Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition R2
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Mandriva Linux 2006 Mandrake Linux 10.1
Mandrake Linux 9.0 — stock 2.4.19 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.0, updates 1, 2, 3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 4.0, updates 1, 2, 3
Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 4.0, updates 1, 2, 3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 4.0, update 4 (experimental support)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3.0, updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 3.0, updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 3.0, updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 3.0, update 8 (experimental support)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 — stock 2.4.9-e3 Red Hat Linux 9.0 — stock 2.4.20-8, upgrade 2.4.20-20.9
Red Hat Linux 8.0 — stock 2.4.18
Red Hat Linux 7.3 — stock 2.4.18 Red Hat Linux 7.2 — stock 2.4.7-10, upgrade 2.4.9-7, upgrade 2.4.9-13, upgrade 2.4.9-21, upgrade 2.4.9-31
Red Hat Linux 7.1 — stock 2.4.2-2, upgrade 2.4.3-12
Red Hat Linux 7.0 — stock 2.2.16-22, upgrade 2.2.17-14 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9, 9 SP1, 9 SP2, 9 SP3 — stock 2.6.5-797
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 8, stock 2.4.19 SUSE Linux 10.1 SUSE Linux 10 — stock 2.6.13
SUSE Linux 9.3 — stock 9.3-2.6.11.4 SUSE Linux 9.2, SP1 — stock 9.2-2.6.8-24.11 (SUSE Linux 9.1 — stock 2.6.4-52
SUSE Linux 9.0 — stock 2.4.21-99
SUSE Linux 8.2 — stock 2.4.20 Ubuntu Linux 6.06 Ubuntu Linux 5.10
Ubuntu Linux 5.04
VMware Workstation 5.5
Windows Vista Beta Windows Server 2003 Windows XP Windows 2000
Windows NT 4.0 Windows Me Windows 98 Windows 95
DOS and Windows 3.1x Mandriva Linux 2006 Mandrake Linux 10.1 Mandrake Linux 10
Mandrake Linux 9.2 Mandrake Linux 9.1 Mandrake Linux 9.0 Mandrake Linux 8.2
Mandrake Linux 8.0 and 8.1 Novell Linux Desktop 9 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 Red Hat Linux 9.0 Red Hat Linux 8.0
Red Hat Linux 7.3 Red Hat Linux 7.2 Red Hat Linux 7.1 Red Hat Linux 7.0
Red Hat Linux 6.2 Sun Java Desktop System 2 SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 10 SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9
SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 8 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7 SUSE LINUX 10.1 SUSE LINUX 10
SUSE LINUX 9.3 SUSE LINUX 9.2 SUSE LINUX 9.1 SUSE LINUX 9.0
SuSE Linux 8.2 SuSE Linux 8.1 SuSE Linux 8.0 SuSE Linux 7.3
Turbolinux 10 Desktop Turbolinux Enterprise Server 8 Turbolinux Workstation 8 Turbolinux 7.0
Ubuntu Linux 6.06 Ubuntu Linux 5.10 Ubuntu Linux 5.0.4 FreeBSD 6.1
FreeBSD 6.0 FreeBSD 5.4 FreeBSD 5.3 FreeBSD 5.2
FreeBSD 5.1 FreeBSD 5.0 FreeBSD 4.10 FreeBSD 4.9
FreeBSD 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.2, 4.8 FreeBSD 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 NetWare 6.5 Server NetWare 6.0 Server
NetWare 5.1 Server NetWare 4.2 Server Solaris 10 Operating System for x86 Platforms
Solaris 9 Operating System x86 Platform Edition
• Supported Guests
Virtual PC 2004• Technology from
Connectix• 32-bit only• Compatible VM
Images w/ MS Virtual Server
• VPC 2007 w/ Vista• Audio – no USD• Now Free
Virtual PC 2004• Supported Hosts • Supported Guests
Windows 2000 Professional
Windows XP Professional
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
MS-DOS 6.22
Windows 95
Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition
Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me)
Windows NT Workstation 4.0, Service Pack 6 or Higher
Windows 2000 Professional
Windows XP Home Edition
Windows XP Professional
OS/2 Warp Version 4 Fix Pack 15, OS/2 Warp Convenience Pack 1, OS/2 Warp Convenience Pack 2
Virtual Desktop Products Summary• Microsoft Virtual PC
– Free– Less hosts & guests support– Less VM features and capabilities– Soon to be replaced by Virtual PC 2007
• VMware Workstation– Costs more– More host & guests support– Better features (Snapshots, USB)– 64-bit hosts and guests
Virtual Server Products• Server Products
– VMware Virtual Server 1.01– Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2– VMware ESX Server 3.0– Others: XEN 3.0 & Virtuozzo
VMware Virtual Server• Features
– 64-bit host & guest support– Virtual SMP Support– USB Support– VM Snapshots– Import MS VM Images– Windows and Web Management– Central Management with VirtualCenter
• Limitations– No support for host clustering
VMware Virtual Server • Supported Hosts32-bit Operating Systems: 64-bit Operating Systems:
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, and Web Editions, R2 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, and Web Editions, R2
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, Web, and Small Business Editions, including Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, and Web Editions, Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Service Pack 3 and Service Pack 4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 AS, ES, and WS, including U3 and 3.0 AS, ES, and WS
Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, Service Pack 3 and Service Pack 4 SUSE Linux 10 and 10.1 (experimental support), 9.3, 9.2 and 9.1
Mandriva Linux 2006 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 Beta (experimental support) and 9, including SP1, SP2, and SP3
Mandrake Linux 10.1 and 9.0 Mandriva Linux 2006
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0, including updates 1, 2, and 3, 3.0, including updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, and 2.1
Ubuntu Linux 6.06, 5.10 and 5.04
Red Hat Linux 9.0, 8.0, 7.3 and 7.2,
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 Beta (experimental support), 9, including SP1, SP2, and SP3 and 8
SUSE LINUX 10, 10.1 (experimental support), 9.3, 9.2, 9.1, 9.0, 8.2 and 7.3
Ubuntu Linux 6.06, 5.10 and 5.04
VMware Virtual Server• Supported GuestsWindows Vista Beta Windows Server 2003 Windows XP Windows 2000
Windows NT 4.0 Windows Me Windows 98 Windows 95
DOS and Windows 3.1x Mandriva Linux 2006 Mandrake Linux 10.1 Mandrake Linux 10
Mandrake Linux 9.2 Mandrake Linux 9.1 Mandrake Linux 9.0 Mandrake Linux 8.2
Mandrake Linux 8.0 and 8.1 Novell Linux Desktop 9 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1
Red Hat Linux 9.0 Red Hat Linux 8.0
Red Hat Linux 7.3 Red Hat Linux 7.2 Red Hat Linux 7.1 Red Hat Linux 7.0
Red Hat Linux 6.2 Sun Java Desktop System 2 SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 10
SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9
SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 8 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7 SUSE LINUX 10.1 SUSE LINUX 10
SUSE LINUX 9.3 SUSE LINUX 9.2 SUSE LINUX 9.1 SUSE LINUX 9.0
SuSE Linux 8.2 SuSE Linux 8.1 SuSE Linux 8.0 SuSE Linux 7.3
Turbolinux 10 Desktop Turbolinux Enterprise Server 8 Turbolinux Workstation 8 Turbolinux 7.0
Ubuntu Linux 6.06 Ubuntu Linux 5.10 Ubuntu Linux 5.0.4 FreeBSD 6.0
FreeBSD 5.4 FreeBSD 5.3 FreeBSD 5.2 FreeBSD 5.1
FreeBSD 5.0 FreeBSD 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.2, 4.8 FreeBSD 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 NetWare 6.5 Server
NetWare 6.0 Server NetWare 5.1 Server NetWare 4.2 Server Solaris 10 Operating System for x86 Platforms
Solaris 9 Operating System x86 Platform Edition
Virtual Server 2005 R2• Features
– 64-bit host support– Web-based management– New support for Linux distributions– Support for MSCS
• Limitations– No 64-bit guest support– No guest audio– No guest USB
VS2005 R2 MSCS Host Support• Support for Microsoft
Clustering Services– Windows Server 2003
Enterprise Edition or Datacenter Edition
• VS is MSCS cluster-aware– Eliminates single point
of failure– Automatic VM startup
Windows Server 2003 R2 • Applies to any virtualization product
running on Windows Server 2003 R2
• VM licensing changes– Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition R2
• Base OS• Four additional VM OS
– Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition• Unlimited VMs
VMware ESX Server 3.0• Leader in the enterprise virtualization
products
• Bare metal installation– No host OS– Best performance
ESX Server Overview
System HardwareSystem Hardware
Virtual Machine Manager (ESX Server)Virtual Machine Manager (ESX Server)
Virtual MachineVirtual Machine
Guest OSGuest OS(Windows 2003)(Windows 2003)
ApplicationsApplications
Virtual MachineVirtual Machine Virtual MachineVirtual Machine
Guest OSGuest OS(Linux)(Linux)
Guest OSGuest OS(Windows 2000)(Windows 2000)
ApplicationsApplications ApplicationsApplications
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VMware ESX Server 3.0• Features
– CPU virtualization – 4-way Virtual SMP– Direct SAN LUN mapping, boot from SAN– Up to 16GB RAM per VM– Can import MS VM Images– Can cluster VMs across physical hosts– Centralized management using VirtualCenter– Not free:
• $1000 Standard Edition• $5750 Enterprise Edition
VMware ESX Server 3.0• Limitations
– Unfamiliar management for Windows administrators
– No official support for MSCS host– No USB support in the guests
VMware ESX Server 3.0• Supported 32-bit GuestsMicrosoft Windows Windows Server 2003 Standard, Enterprise, Web, or Small Business Server
Windows Server 2003 Standard, Enterprise, Web, or Small Business Server R2
Windows XP Professional (Service Pack 1 and 2)
Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Server, or Terminal Services Edition (Service Pack 3 or 4)
Windows 2000 Professional Uniprocessor (Service Pack 4)
Windows NT 4.0 Server (Service Pack 6a and higher)
Red Hat Linux Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 2.1
Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 3.0
Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 4.0
SuSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 8.0
Enterprise Server (SLES) 9.0
OES
Novell Netware Version 5.1
Version 6.0
Version 6.5
Sun Solaris 10
VMware ESX Server 3.0• 64-bit Guests
– Windows 2003 64-bit SP1 (Standard, Enterprise)
– Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 64-bit (UP6, UP7)– Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 64-bit (UP2, UP3)– SuSE Linux Server (SLES) 9 64-bit (SP3)– Solaris 10 1/062
Other Virtualization platforms• XEN
– XEN 3.0 -- Open source • Limited guest support• Requires OS Source code changes
– XEN Enterprise – commercial• Windows and Linux support
• Virtuozzo– Linux roots– Virtualizes the OS rather than the hardware
Virtual Servers Summary• VMware Virtual Server
– Free, excellent host and guest support– 64-bit host and guest support– No clustering support
• Microsoft Virtual Server 2002 R2– Free, Microsoft-only hosts, good guest support– 64-bit host support, no 64-bit guest support– Support Microsoft Clustering for hosts(Both benefit for Windows Server 2003 R2 licensing)
Virtual Servers Summary• ESX Server
– Highest costs, bare metal performance– Virtual SMP, highest guest capacities– No clustering for hosts, clustering for guests
• XEN– Free, open source, requires OS source code
changes
• Virtuozzo– Not free, virtualizes OS not hardware
Application Virtualization
Application Virtualization Scenarios• Legacy applications
• Incompatible applications
• End of DLL Hell
• No OS changes
• Can be coupled w/ AD or other management frameworks for client management and deployment
Application Virtualization• Runs as an application
• Virtualizes OS settings– Registry– File System
Application Virtualization Products• Softricity SoftGrid
– Application virtualization– Deployment
• Altiris Software Virtualization Solution– Application virtualization
Softricity SoftGrid• $5000 base price w/ 20 CALs
• Purchased by Microsoft
• Requires AD
• Requires a backend applications server
• On-demand deployment– Streams software to clients
• Policy-based management
SoftGrid Overview• Install SoftGrip Application Server
• Deploy SoftGrid Clients
• Add SoftGrid Application Groups to AD
• Sequence target applications
• Assign applications to SoftGrid AD groups
Softricity Overview
Altiris SVS• Free
• No complex infrastructure requirements
• Implemented as a file system filter driver– Redirects registry and file system calls
Altiris SVS Overview• Install SVS on the client
• Create an application layer
• Install the target application into the application layer
• Activate the application layer
Future Directions in Virtualization
Windows Server 2007 Hypervisor• Hardware
assisted virtualization– Intel Virtualization
Technology– AMD
Virtualization Technology
• Windows Server 2007 Hypervisor
• Compatible with MS VM Images
Virtualization Management• VMware Infrastructure
– No AD requirement– Manages Virtaul Server, GSX Server and
ESX Server VMs
• Microsoft System Center for Virtual– Requires AD– Manages Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 VMs– Currently in beta
Additional Resources• Hardware Partitioning
– HP Integritywww.hp.com/enterprise/cache/262803-0-0-225-121.html?jumpid=reg_R1002_USEN
– Unisys ES7000www.unisys.com/products/enterprise__servers/high_d_end__servers/features.htm
– Fujistu PrimeQuestwww.fujitsu-siemens.it/products/mission_critical/primequest440_480.html
Additional Resources• Desktop Virtualization
– Microsoft Virtual PC 2004www.microsoft.com/windows/virtualpc
– VMware Workstation 5.5www.vmware.com/products/ws/
Additional Resources• Server Virtualization
– Microsoft Virtual Server www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver
– VMwarewww.vmware.com
• Virtual Server• ESX Server
Additional Resources• Application Virtualization
– Softricity SoftGridwww.softricity.com
– Altiris SVSwww.altiris.com/Products/SoftwareVirtualizationSolution.aspx
