INTRODUCTION · Web view2020-01-31 · Near the beginning of 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany. Within a year and a half, his “Third Reich” could rule without

10th Grade Spring History Writing Task

History Writing Task10th GRADE

Spring 2016-17

The Rise of the Nazi Party

Student Name: School Name: Teacher Name:

OUSD_History Writing Task_G10_Spring 2016-17 PAGE 1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

BUILDING HISTORICAL CONTEXT

READING THE SOURCE DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENT #1: Antisemitism After World War I

DOCUMENT #2: A German Children’s Book from 1931

DOCUMENT #3: Goebbels on Propaganda

DOCUMENT #4: Nazi Campaign Poster from November 1932

DOCUMENT #5: Berlin: Hitler’s Proclamation to the German Nation

DOCUMENT #6: Laws Giving the Nazi Party Increased Power over Government

DOCUMENT #7: Boycott of Jewish businesses - April 1, 1933

DOCUMENT #8: Unemployment in Large Developed Nations

DOCUMENT #9: The Gestapo

DOCUMENT #10: An American Journalist’s Account of Nazi Germany in 1934

TAKING NOTES on the DOCUMENTS (Pros and Cons)

ENGAGING IN ACADEMIC DISCUSSIONS (optional)

MY ARGUMENTS ORGANIZER

HISTORY WRITING TASK ASSESSMENT

WRITTEN ESSAY




INTRODUCTION

Background:Near the beginning of 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany. Within a year

and a half, his “Third Reich” could rule without the limit of a parliament or constitution, all political parties other than the Nazis were banned, Germany withdrew from the League of Nations, and Hitler assumed the title of “Fuehrer.”

Essay Prompt: Use what you have learned in class and the following source documents to answer the question:

How did Dictators like Hitler gain and maintain power over their people in the 1920’s and 1930’s?




BUILDING HISTORICAL CONTEXT

1. Brainstorm Prior Outside Knowledge (You know this!)Recall what you already know. Based on what you’ve learned in class and out (TV, internet, reading, newspaper, relatives, friends, etc.), make a list of all that you know about Hitler, the Nazi Party, or Germany after World War I. A couple things to think about: How did World War I impact Germany? What were Hitler’s goals and methods?

Weimar Republic... Treaty of Versailles... inflation... nationalism… antisemitism…

2. Evidence/Argument ChartNext, to help visualize your thoughts, use your prior knowledge to add to this chart with evidence and/or supporting reasons. Do this before reading the documents. You can update this after you read the documents, as well.

What factors might have led people in Germany to support Hitler and the Nazi Party?





1. Read, Highlight/Underline, and Annotate the Source Documents.● As you read, highlight/underline and annotate documents, decide how each can be used, and label them

accordingly.● For each document, you should try to consider: Who created the source? What type of source is this? When was

it created? Where was it created? Who was it created for? Why was it created?● Optional: Use the guiding question after each document and/or the document notes chart


DOCUMENT #1: Antisemitism After World War I

Goldstein, Phyllis, and Harold Evans. A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism. Brookline, MA: Facing History and Ourselves, 2012. p. 259

Henry Buxbaum was one of more than 100,000 Jews who served in the German army during World War I. He returned home to Germany to find that antisemitism was sweeping the nation. He later recalled:

You could taste antisemitism everywhere; the air of Germany was permeated by it. All the unavoidable consequences of military defeat, revolution, a ruinous inflation, the Versailles [peace treaty], the loss of the territories in the east and west, the unsettling social changes following in their wake--each and every thing was blamed on the Jew and/or the Communists, who for the convinced Jew-hater were interchangeable.

Antisemitism did not begin in Germany, or anywhere else, in 1918; Jews had been regarded as dangerous outsiders for centuries, and anti-Jewish feeling usually intensified in times of war and other upheaval.




DOCUMENT #2: A German Children’s Book from 1931

From the children’s book, The Hitler Youth Quex (1931) by Karl Schenzinger (reprinted in “Weimar Germany and the Rise of Hitler” by the Choices Program at Brown University)

Context: Heini is the 15 year old son of an alcoholic, unemployed communist father. Heini is forced by Stoppel, the leader of a local communist youth gang, to join his group. Heini is disgusted by the group’s loose morals and the constant brawling over the group’s leadership. In addition, the communists ridicule and rob him. Despite the opposition of his father and Stoppel, Heini makes friends with members of the local Hitler youth group.

Passage: “He [Heini] really likes the S.A. They looked orderly, clean, robust, and their leather shone. They reminded him of order, good breeding, and discipline -- just like it was in the old stories… Those lads, too, had worn leather gaiters. They marched past him one day; each one like the other, shining, lively and fresh, a flag up front. For an hour he marched alongside them, with only one wish in his heart -- to be allowed to march along in these rows, with these chaps, who were young like him, who sang songs. He was almost brought to tears with pride and happiness. These are Nazis!”





Lead article from the magazine, “Will and Way” by Joseph Goebbels, 1931Accessed at: http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/wille.htm

There are a variety of ways to gain power. There are illegal means to gain power through brute force; one can also gain power legally by winning a majority in an election. There are revolutions, Putsches, uprisings. But each of these methods requires a political group to win the sympathies of the broad masses, if it wishes over the long run to maintain its power. But the sympathy of the people does not come of itself; it must be won.

The means of gaining that support is propaganda. The task of propaganda is not to discover a theory or to develop a program, but rather to translate that theory and program into the language of the people, to make them comprehensible to the broad masses of the people. The goal of propaganda is to make what the theorists have discovered clear to the broad masses.

...Even the most brilliant political theories will have no impact unless they are put in a form that the people can understand.





Translation: “Work and Food through National Socialism”From: http://www.bytwerk.com/gpa/posters1.htm




DOCUMENT #5: Berlin: Hitler’s Proclamation to the German Nation

FEBRUARY 1, 1933from: http://www.hitler.org/speeches/02-01-33.html

The National Government will regard it as its first and foremost duty to revive in the nation the spirit of unity and co-operation. It will preserve and defend those basic principles on which our nation has been built.

The German farmer must be rescued in order that the nation may be supplied with the necessities of life....A concerted and all-embracing attack must be made on unemployment in order that the German working class may be saved from ruin....

The November (Weimer) parties have ruined the German peasantry in fourteen years. In fourteen years they have created an army of millions of unemployed. The National Government will, with iron determination and unshakable steadfastness of purpose, put through the following plan: Within four years the German peasant must be rescued from the quagmire into which he has fallen. Within four years unemployment must be finally overcome.




DOCUMENT #6: Laws Giving the Nazi Party Increased Power over Government

25 March 1933 Erich Ebermayer Diary Entry (Erich Ebermayer was a young German writer who opposed the Nazi Party)From: www2.bc.edu/~heineman/seizure.html

Yesterday was an important day for the Reichstag. Indeed, it is the last important day for the German Reichstag for a long time to come. For all intents and purposes, it no longer exists.... By a vote of 441 to 90, the Enabling Decree is passed by the Reichstag. By this new law, the present administration has seized absolute and total power in the country. They can be no doubt of that, and Hitler leaves no one in doubt about it. His government now no longer needs the Reichstag in order to pass any kind of law, indeed no longer needs even a Reichstag opinion. Or as Hitler cynically expressed it, his administration will "from time to time inform the Reichstag of its policies...." The Nazis are now the masters of the German Reich.

“Law Concerning the Formation of New Parties” July 14, 1933

The National Socialist German Workers’ Party is the only political party in Germany. Anyone who seeks to maintain the organization of another political party or to organize a new political party is to be punished by confinement in a jail.




DOCUMENT #7: Boycott of Jewish businesses - April 1, 1933

Strom, Margot S. Facing History and Ourselves: Holocaust and Human Behavior: Resource Book. Brookline, Mass: Facing History and Ourselves National Foundation, 1994. p. 165

[Hitler] ordered Nazi leaders to “bring up the Jewish question again and again and again, unceasingly. Every emotional aversion, however slight, must be exploited ruthlessly. As a basic rule among the education professions the Jewish questions should be discussed from the standpoints of the findings of the science of race, of higher ethics, etc.”

As part of its campaign, the government announced a one-day boycott of Jewish businesses. On Saturday, April 1, Germans were to refuse to shop or do business at any company owned by Jews. Julius Streicher, the man in charge of the boycott and the publisher of the antisemitic Der Stuermer, wrote:

The same Jew who plunged the German people into the blood-letting of the World War, and who committed on it the crime of the November Revolution (Weimar) is now engaged in stabbing Germany, recovering from its shame and misery, in the back... The Jew is again engaged in poisoning public opinion. World Jewry is engaged again in slandering the German people... At 10 A.M. Sat., 1 April, the defensive action of the German people against the Jewish world criminal will begin. A defensive fight begins, such as never has been dared before throughout the centuries.

IMAGE: SA paramilitaries outside a Berlin store posting signs with: "Deutsche! Wehrt Euch! Kauft nicht bei Juden!" ("Germans! Defend yourselves! Do not buy from Jews!").




DOCUMENT #8: Unemployment in Large Developed Nations





Excerpt from The Gestapo: The History of Horror (p. 84) by Jacques DelarueAccessed here

The enemies of the party had been carefully filed. Their dossiers [collections of documents] were often remarkable complete: political and professional activities, friends, family, domicile [home] and possible hideouts, close relationships, human weaknesses and passions. All these details were to be found in the dossier, ready to be used when the occasion arose.

The Gestapo began to exploit these records. Opponents were arrested, tortured, and murdered. Everyone in Germany knew it, but among those who could have sounded the alarm and possibly saved their country and the world from the growing danger, not a minister, not a general, nobody dared to raise his voice.




DOCUMENT #10: An American Journalist’s Account of Nazi Germany in 1934

From http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/triumph/tr-will.htm

In September 1934, American journalist William L. Shirer had just arrived in Germany to work as a reporter for the Hearst Company. He proceeded to keep a diary of the entire seven years he spent reporting from inside Hitler's Reich. Shirer thought it would be a good idea to attend the 1934 Nuremberg Rally to better understand the Nazi phenomenon.

"I am beginning to comprehend," he wrote, "some of the reasons for Hitler's astounding success. Borrowing a chapter from the Roman [Catholic] church, he is restoring pageantry and color and mysticism to the drab lives of 20th Century Germans. This morning's opening meeting...was more than a gorgeous show; it also had something of the mysticism and religious fervor of an Easter or Christmas Mass in a great Gothic cathedral. The hall was a sea of brightly colored flags. Even Hitler's arrival was made dramatic. The band stopped playing. There was a hush over the thirty thousand people packed in the hall. Then the band struck up the Badenweiler March...Hitler appeared in the back of the auditorium and followed by his aides, Göring, Goebbels, Hess, Himmler and the others, he slowly strode down the long center aisle while thirty thousand hands were raised in salute… Every word dropped by Hitler seemed like an inspired word from on high. Man's – or at least the German's – critical faculty is swept away at such moments, and every lie pronounced is accepted as high truth itself."

END SOURCE DOCUMENTS




TAKING NOTES on the DOCUMENTS (Pros and Cons)

Directions: Take notes supporting each position. Include any claims, reasons, or evidence you find in the sources provided. Do not include your opinion. Use these notes for your academic discussion and essay planning.

Document What does this source show about how Hitler and the Nazi Party gained and/or maintained power?

DOCUMENT #1: Antisemitism After

World War I

DOCUMENT #2: A German Children’s

Book from 1931










DOCUMENT #5: Berlin: Hitler’s

Proclamation to the German Nation

DOCUMENT #6: Laws Giving the Nazi

Party Increased Power over Government

DOCUMENT #7: Boycott of Jewish

businesses - April 1, 1933

DOCUMENT #8: Unemployment in Large Developed

Nations






DOCUMENT #10: An American Journalist’s

Account of Nazi Germany in 1934

OUTSIDE KNOWLEDGE

OUTSIDEKNOWLEDGE

ENGAGING IN ACADEMIC DISCUSSIONS (optional)Your teacher may now lead you in an academic discussion activity that will help you exchange ideas, analyze multiple

points of view, and make a personal decision about the issue.







MY ARGUMENTS ORGANIZER

(Optional format, teacher may provide different organizer)

Directions: Prepare at least two reasons, supporting evidence and how you will address a counterclaim. There is room for you to include an optional third reason.

CLAIM:

↓ ↓ ↓

REASON #1 REASON #2 REASON #3

↓ ↓ ↓

SUPPORTING EVIDENCE SUPPORTING EVIDENCE SUPPORTING EVIDENCE

COUNTERCLAIM/CONCESSION MY RESPONSE TO THE COUNTERCLAIM







HISTORY WRITING TASK ASSESSMENT

Directions: Please respond to the prompt in writing. You may use your notes to inform your writing. Your essay should have a minimum of 5 paragraphs.

Writing Prompt:

What were the most significant factors that enabled Hitler and the Nazi Party to gain and maintain power over the German people?

After reading the provided source documents on the topic, write an argumentative essay (at least 5 paragraphs) that addresses the question and support your position with evidence. Be sure to acknowledge competing views (counterclaims). 1. Begin with an introduction that frames the purpose of your essay and states a claim.

2. Develop your argument with clear reasons and evidence drawn from at least five sources and also from your outside historical content knowledge (evidence learned in class or elsewhere). Analyze the significance of the evidence and how it supports the claim.

3. Acknowledge and address an opposing or competing view (counterclaim).

4. Provide a conclusion that effectively summarizes the argument and explains its significance.

Be Sure To:

❏ Use appropriate transitions.

❏ Use precise language and vocabulary to inform or explain your topic.

❏ Establish and maintain a formal style.

❏ Edit for spelling and grammar.

❏ Write a minimum of 5 paragraphs.




WRITTEN ESSAY

Spring HWT 2016-17Student Name:

School:Teacher:

Class Period:

What were the most significant factors that enabled Hitler and the Nazi Party to gain and maintain power over the German people?

After filling in your heading information in the top right corner, begin typing your essay in the space below. You can use the Table of Contents to look back at the documents and your notes.

