introductiontopoliticalscience-100513224900-phpapp01

8/4/2019 introductiontopoliticalscience-100513224900-phpapp01

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What is Political Science?

Political science is defined as the study of the

state and government.

It comes from the Greek wordpolis, which

means city-state, and ciencia, which means

knowledge or study.


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Stages in the Study of Political Science

Religious Stagethe government, its leaders and

laws was considered as divine or divinely inspired.

Metaphysical Stage the state was considered as

a human institution and it is therefore absolute

(cannot be changed).

Modern Stage the state was deemed capable of

being improved by rulers and subjects accordingto certain principles and laws.


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DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Aristotle

wrote Politics, the first systematic work on political

affairs.

Father of Political Science

Niccolo Machiavelli

wrote The Prince, a handbook for rulers in the art of

government.

Father of Modern Political Science

Prof. Francis Lieber

wrote Manual of Political Ethics; the first systematic

treatise in political science


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What is a state?

A group ofpersons, more or less

numerous,permanently occupying a

definite portion ofterritory, independent

of external control, and possessing a

government to which a great body of

inhabitants render habitual obedience.


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Elements of a State

People

Territory

Government

Sovereignty


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What is the difference between

Nation and State?

State is a legal or juristic concept, while

Nation is an ethnic or racial concept.

Nasci= to be born indicates a relation of

birth or origin and implies a common race.

Thus, a nation may comprise several statesExample: Egypt, Iraq, Saudi, Lebanon,

Jordan, etc. belong to Arab nation.


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What is the difference between

Nation and State?

It is also possible for a single state to be

made up of more than one nation, e.g. US

which was the melting pot of many

nations that were eventually combined

into the American nation


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A. People

Different meanings as used in the 1987Constitution:

Inhabitants (sec. 2, Art III; sec. 1, Art. XIII); Citizens (secs. 1 & 4, Art II; sec 7, art. III);

Electors (sec. 4, Art. VII)

As a requisite for Statehood, there

should be an adequate number for self-sufficiency and defense; of both sexes forperpetuity.


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What is the Difference between Citizenship

and Nationality?

Citizenship

Legal or juristic

Can be changed

or taken-back

NationalityEthnic or racial

Absolute, Innate


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Citizens

A people bound together by common

attractions and repulsions into a living

organism possessed of a common pulse,

a common intelligence and inspiration,

and destined apparently to have a

common history and a common fate.

(Malcom)


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B. Territory

The National Territory

Sec. 1, Art. I: The national territory comprises the

Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and

waters embraced therein, and all other

territories over which the Philippines has

sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of itsterrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including

its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the

insular shelves, and other submarine areas.


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Components of Philippine Territory :

Terrestrial = land

Fluvial = internal waters Aerial domains = aerospace

Marine = external waters both

surface and sub-aquatic


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C. Government

The agency or instrumentality through

which the will of the State is formulated,

expressed and realized.

Our Constitution, however, requires our

government to be democratic and

republican.


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C. Government

Section 1, Art II. The Philippines is a democratic and

republican State. Sovereignty resides in the

people and all government authority emanates

from them.

REPUBLICAN

It is one wherein all government authorityemanates from the people and is exercised by

representatives chosen by the people.


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C. Government

DEMOCRATIC

This emphasizes that the Philippines hassome aspects of direct democracy such

as initiative and referendum.


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D. Sovereignty

The supreme and uncontrollable power

innate in a State by which that State is

governed.

Sovereignty resides in the people and all

government authority emanates from

them. (Sec. 1 Art.II)


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Sovereignty vs. Independence

Sovereigntyis the broader term. It has twoaspects:

Internal freedom of the State to manageits own affairs;

External freedom of the State to directits foreign affairs.

Independence is synonymous with externalsovereignty. It is defined as the power of aState to manage its external affairs withoutdirection or inference form another State.


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Duties of the State

Peace and Order

Political Harmony (Good Laws)

Social Justice Economic Development


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Theories of State Origin

Divine Theory the state is of divine origin, allpolitical authority emanates from God.

Social Contract Theory - this theory states thatmen agreed among themselves to live under onecivil society or body politic. A person surrenderedhis natural liberty but gained in return theprotection and civil rights guaranteed by thegovernments.

Force Theory the state has arisen through sheerforce; a tribe conquering other tribes to form akingdom.


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