Investigating What is Happening Inside of the Cell

The cell is…Basic unit of structure and function

Smallest unit of living material that can carry out all of the activities necessary for life

2 Distinct Types of Cells:1.Prokaryotic Cells

• Example: Bacteria-

Archaea/Eubacteria

2. Eukaryotic Cells• Examples: Animals

Plants Fungi Protists

All Cells Have:1. Plasma

Membrane/Cell memebrane (barrier)

2. DNA-containing Region

3.Cytoplasm4.Ribosomes

Differences?

1. PROKARYOTIC CELLSSmallerLess complexityNo nucleusNo membrane-bound organelles

Contains 1 continuous circular DNA called a nucleoid

PROKARYOTIC CELLS pg. 55 in bat book

EUKARYOTIC CELLSLargerComplexHas membrane-bound structures called organelles; “little organs” each with a function

Nucleus is the large defining feature

2 types: plant and animal cells

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Left-side Activity

Diagram

Compare and Contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

Daily Entry

1. What are the two types of cells?2. What are the 3 things that all cells have?3. What do prokaryotic cells have instead of a

nucleus?4. What do prokaryotic cells lack?5. Is bacteria a prokaryotic or eukaryotic

cell?

Reminders:

2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells

1. Plant Cell

2. Animal Cell

Page 175 in your textbookThe exact same diagrams Please label and notice differences Put into your spiral when finished

Complete your compare and contrast of plant vs. animal

Organellesa specialized subunit within a cell that has a

specific function“little organs”All organelles work together to benefit the

cell as a whole

Organelles found in Eukaryotic CellsNucleusCell membrane

Cell wallRibosomeEndoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough)

Golgi BodiesChloroplastsMitochondriaCentriolesVacuolesCytoplasm

Plasma Membrane(Cell Membrane)

Semi-permeable barrier

Called the lipid bilayer or “fluid-mosaic model”

Made of phospholipidsHydrophilic head (1): “water loving”

Face towards aqueous part Hydrophobic tails (2): “water hating”

Face towards inside, between the inner and outer surfaces

Forms a hydrophobic region (or core)

CytoplasmExtracellular space inside the cellFills the empty space of the cellGel-like substance comprised inside cell

membraneMaintains shape and support for organelles

Nucleus• Hereditary control

• Contains the cell’s DNAControls the activity of the

organelles

Ribosomes• Make protein• The most numerous organelles in almost all cells

• Assemble enzymes• Float free in cytoplasm or attached to ER

Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth ER:Few or no ribosomesPathwayProduce and store lipids

Rough ER:Covered with ribosomes

Directs the flow of proteins

Golgi BodiesProcesses, packages, and secretes proteins

Encloses proteins in a vesicle to send out of cell

MitochondriaEnergy center or “powerhouse” of the cell

Turns food into energyMost numerous in cells that use a lot of energy (liver, muscle cells) energy = ATP

VacuolesTemporary storage of materials

Stores water, sap, etcBoth animal (small) and plant cells have

ChloroplastsPLANTS ONLYUses light energy to create food (glucose)

Photosynthesis (in plants)

What do plants have that most animals don’t?Cell Wall

PLANTS ONLYProtective outer coatingMade of celluloseProvides support for the cell

We are not talking about the obvious here…we are talking about cells!

Structure Prokaryotic

Cell

Eukaryotic

Plant Cell

Eukaryotic

Animal CellCell Wall No

Plasma Membrane

Organelles No

Nucleus No

Centrioles No No

Review

Organelle ChartUse book to complete chartEach organelle has it own section in the bookPage 176Read and determine the overall function of

that organelle

Label Organelles pg. 175

Daily Entry1. Why is the plasma membrane a

very important structure for all cells?2. Which organelle is like the cells

brain?3. What makes the rough

endoplasmic reticulum rough?4. Which organelle provides the cell

with energy (ATP)?5. Which organelle is like the postal

service?

Label Organelles

Create a Venn Diagram Compare and contrast Plant and Animal cells.