0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

2.5

2.51

2.52

2.53

2.54

2.55

2.56

Current (amp)

Vo

ltag

e (

Vo

lt)

Signal Loss with Aluminum (1 cm Apart)

No blockAluminum

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

2.5

2.51

2.52

2.53

2.54

2.55

2.56

Current (amp)

Vo

ltag

e (

Vo

lt)

Signal Loss with Alloy Steel (1 cm Apart)

No blockAlloy Steel

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 42.5

2.51

2.52

2.53

2.54

2.55

2.56

2.57

Current (amp)

Vo

ltag

e (

Vo

lt)

Signal Loss with Stainless Steel (1 cm Apart)

No blockStainless Steel

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 40

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

Current (amp)

Devia

tio

n o

f In

itia

l H

all S

en

so

r V

olt

ag

e

Deviation Comparison (Alloy Steel)

1 cm apart2 cm apart3 cm apart4 cm apart

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14002.5

2.51

2.52

2.53

2.54

2.55

2.56

2.57

2.58

2.59

2.6

Time (Sec)

Volta

ge (V

olt)

Hall Sensor Voltage Vs Thermoelectric Temperature Gradient

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 140050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Tem

pera

ture

(C)

TemperatureVoltage

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 1400

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

1.25

1.5

1.75

2

2.25

2.5

Time (Sec)

Volta

ge (V

olt)

Pyroelectric Voltage (Temperature Change between 24 to 70 Degree C)

Piezoelectric Effect

Pyroelectric Effect

(B)

Figure 8: Testing results for (A) Thermoelectric/Hall sensor demonstration, (B) Commercial pyroelectric ceramic

(A)

(A) (B)

(C)(D)

Figure 9: Signal loss testing results for (A) Aluminum, (B) Stainless steel, (C) Steel alloy and (D) Deviation comparison

Figure 5: (A) Commerc ia l py roelec tric c eramic , (B) After s i lv er pa int c oating

Investigation on Pyroelectric Ceramic Temperature Sensors for Energy System Applications

Sarker, R.,1 Karim, H.,1 Delfin, D.1, Sandoval, S.,1 Love, N.,1 Lin, Y.1,†

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso

Sensor fabrication:

Sensor fabrication:Materials:• Pyroelectric ceramic: Lithium niobate (LiNbO3)• Binder: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)Process:• Ceramic compressed at 3 metric tons• Cured at 150°C for 120 minutes

1. Whatmore, R.W., “Pyroelectric Devices and Materia ls”, Reports onProgress in Physics, 1986, 49(12): P. 1335

LiNbO3 nanopowders

Figure 3: Sc hematic for c ompres s ion

Objective:• To design, fabricate, and test wireless temperature sensors

using the principle of pyroelectricity1 • Different geometries were achieved• Cracked surfaces observed on

certain samples• Silver painting of the commercial

sample

• The first stage of the sensor fabrication was carried over successfully

• The Hall effect sensor concept was demonstrated using a thermoelectric sensor

• Voltage change in the Hall effect sensor can be used for temperature sensing

• Signal loss was found when using steel alloys

Figure 1: Motivation behind this project

Rationale:

Results Conclusion

Future Work

Students Involvement

References

Methodology & Materials

Testing:

Testing results:

Introduction

Figure 2: (A) Princ ip le o f the propos ed s ens or, (B) Sc hematic and work ing mec hanis m of the s ens or c omponents

Figure 6: (A) Square s ample and (B) Cy l indric a l s ample of L iNbO3

(A) (B)

Figure 7: SEM images of L iNbO3 nanopowders (A) Before s in tering, (B) After s in tering

(A) (B)

(A) (B)

Figure 4: Hal l s ens or and s ignal los s meas urement (A) Sc hematic , (B) Ac tua l s etup. Py roelec tric c eramic tes ting (C) Sc hematic , (D) Ac tua l s etup

(C) (D)

Tests performed:• Hall effect sensor

demonstration• Signal interference

testing• Pyroelectric ceramic

testing

(B)

Hall Sensor

9 V

Vol tage regulator

DAQ

(A)

Pyroelectric sensor

Electrodes

Winded coil

Magnetic flux

AcknowledgementsThisresearch wasperformedwiththefundingof theU.S.Departmentof Energyadvanced fossilresourceutilizationresearchundertheHBCU/MIprogramwithgrantnumberofDE-FE0011235 .

2012 - 2013 2013 - 2014 2014 - 2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Objective 1Task 1.1: Materials determination

Task 1.2: Sensor Fabrication

Task 1.3: Material Evaluation

Objective 2Task 2.1: System Development

Task 2.2: Sensor Calibration

Task 2.3: Performance Evaluation

Objective 3Task 3.1: Torch Testing

Task 3.2: Gas Turbine Testing

Task 3.3: Energy System Evaluation

(A) (B)