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I/O for Virtualized Multi-Core Servers
Iddo Kadim, Intel CorporationDirector, Virtualization Technology
Server Platforms GroupIntel Corporation
2* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Agenda
The value of multi-core computing
The virtualized server
Optimizing I/O in the virtualized server
3* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Genomics Research Medical Imaging
Weather Prediction
Financial Analysis
Oil Exploration
Design Simulation Cloud Computing Data Center Refresh
Digital Content
Social Networks
Insatiable Demand for Servers
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
UNITS
4* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reservedSource: IDC.
Power & CoolingFor every $1 spent on server HW, 50 cents spent on power/cooling
Operating Cost$8 in maintenance for every $1 spent on new infrastructure
Space CrunchDatacenter construction costs>$1,000 /sq ft
Server Sprawl>30m physical servers currently installed: growing 4X next 10 years
IT Constraints on Growth
Source: IDC, "Virtualization Across the Enterprise: Progressing From Cost Reduction to Business Growth," doc # VFE2008_04, May 2008.
* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
5* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Intel Multi Core Intel Single Core
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Impact of Multi-Core R
ela
tive P
erf
orm
an
ce
Quad Core65nm 45nm
Dual Core
Quad-Core Benefits a Broad Range of Workloads
For notes and disclaimers, see legal information slide at end of this presentation.
6* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
2004• 5.1M bops• 6 racks• 126 servers• 240 sq ft• 48 kW
Server Compression
EstimatedEnergy Savings
$53KSavings3
AnnualEnergy Costs
87%Reduction2
Floor Space
83%Reduction1
The Bottom Line Benefits for IT (<2 year ROI4)
2008• 5.1M bops• 1 rack• 17 servers• 40 sq ft• 6 kW
For notes and disclaimers, see legal information slide at end of this presentation.
Source: Intel January 16, 2008. Performance comparison using SPECjbb2005 bops (business operations per second) between (2004) 2 socket single core Intel Xeon processor (3.6GHz) and (2008) 2 socket Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor E5450 (3.0GHz, 80W, 1333MHz) measured 8/22/07. 1 Floor space based foot on sq ft reduction. 2 Energy costs based on total solution rack power. 3Energy Savings based on an electric rate of $0.10/kWh assuming 33% average server load. 4 ROI is calculated based on cost of new servers ($6,264 per server pricing based on HP DL 380G5 (32GB RAM) as of Nov 17, 2007. source www.hp.com) divided by energy savings per year. Actual performance results and savings may vary depending on configuration. See backup for details.
7* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Evolution of Virtualization
Virtualization 1.0
Managing IT and Capital Expenses
Test & Development
Test
HWVMM
OS
App
OS
App
Production
HWVMM
OS
App
HWVMM
OS
App
HWVMM
OS
App
HWVMM
OS
App
OS
App
OS
App
ServerConsolidation
Virtualization 2.0
Flexible Workload ManagementHWVMM
OS
App
OS
App
HWVMM
OS
App
OS
App
High Availability/ Disaster Recovery
Load Balancing
HWVMM
OS
App
HWVMM
OS
App
OS
App
HWVMM
OS
App
OS
App
HWVMM
OS
App
Workload 1 Workload 2
Workload 1 Workload 2
“Virtualization 3.0”
Adaptive Continuity
8* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
1.00
1.13 1.17 1.18 1.20 1.21
1.38
SPECWeb*2005
SPECfp*_rate2006
SPECint*_rate2006
Vmmark* -
VMware* ESX
SPECjbb*2005
SPECjbb*2005 -
PPWImportance of Native Performance
Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, visit http://www.intel.com/performance/resources/limits.htm property of others.
Data Source: Published, measured, submitted or approved results as of April 7, 2008. See backup for details;
Native Performance Drives Virtualized Performance
Baseline Intel®
Xeon® 5300 Series
Intel® Xeon® 5400 series:Up to 21% gain in performance
& Up to 38% gain in Energy Efficiencyvirtualization performance is
proportional to native performance
‘Native’
‘Virtual’
Overhead %
9* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Virtualization Hardware Assists
Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, visit http://www.intel.com/performance/resources/limits.htm
Intel® Xeon® X7350
1.00
1.35
Intel® VTFlexPriority Off
Intel® VT FlexPriority On
Example:Intel® VT FlexPriority – Virtual
Iron 4.0.2 on vConsolidate1
Hardware Assists improve virtualization performance & efficiency
1. 32-bit OS include Microsoft Windows* XP, Windows 2000 Server up to Windows Server 2003 SP1
2. All measurements conducted internally on platforms running 4 x Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® Processor X7350, 32GB memory, vConsolidate Beta 2, Virtual Iron 4.0.2 software. 1 CSU configuration, Sept 2007. Boot time improvement measured on Windows XP. vConsolidate measurement conducted by configuring the system with Windows 2000 SP4
‘Native’
‘Virtual’
Overhead %
virtualization performance is proportional to native performance
10* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Intel® VT for Directed I/O (VT-d)
• VT-d provides support for DMA and interrupt remapping• Supports I/O device assignment to VMs, security, etc.
CPU CPU
DRAM
South Bridge
System Bus
PCI ExpressPCI, LPC, Legacy devices, …
IntegratedDevices
North Bridge
VT-dPCIe* Root Ports
11* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
VMMVirtual Device Emulation
Intel® VT for Directed I/O (Intel® VT-d)VM
BufferDriver A
Application
VM
VMM
I/O Device HardwareDevice A
|||||||||||||||||||
Chipset
Device A|||||||||||||||||||
BufferDriver A
Emulation Based Virtual I/O Direct Assigned I/O with Intel® VT-d
BufferDriver A
ApplicationOS OS
Intel VT-d Remap
Native Guest OS driver
No HW changes
Eliminates intermediate paths and VMM overheads
Phys MemIO Devices
VT-
d
Chipset
Better reliability through device isolation
Protected Memory regions
12* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Evolution of I/O Virtualization
NIC
VM1
vswitch
.…
VMM
VM2 VMn
The Future: VM mobility with direct assigned virtual resources
Hypervisor SW – EmulationHigh performance tollCommon denominator I/O
HW Assists – queuingNear native I/O performanceCommon denominator I/O
Direct assignment of shared virtual resourcesDedicated, Isolated I/O Native performanceScalability
13* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Storage, Network and Virtualization
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel
iSCSI
iSCSI
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
General Servers
Virtualized Servers
18% (2)
SAN Attach Rates
54% (1)
VMM
EDGE SWITCH
CORESWITCH
FC
VM1 VM2 VM3 VMn
VIRTUALSWITCH
FC Director
FC Edge
1GbE
LAN SAN
1 Source: IDC Multiclient Study, “Server Virtualization on the Move 2007: Foundation for the Dynamic Data Center,” July 20072 Source: Intel estimates
Simplified, Dynamic, and Power Efficient
14* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
15* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Legal Disclaimer• INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO
LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL® PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. INTEL PRODUCTS ARE NOT INTENDED FOR USE IN MEDICAL, LIFE SAVING, OR LIFE SUSTAINING APPLICATIONS.
• Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice.• All products, dates, and figures specified are preliminary based on current expectations, and are subject to
change without notice.• Intel, processors, chipsets, and desktop boards may contain design defects or errors known as errata, which
may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request.
• Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance.
• Intel, Intel Inside, Core, Xeon, Intel Virtualization Technology, FlexPriortiy and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries.
• *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.• Copyright © 2008 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
16* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Backup
17* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
“Impact of Multi-Core ”
Intel Pentium® III Microarchitecture Intel NetBurst® Microarchitecture Intel Core® Microarchitecture
Legal information slide
Results are Published/Measured/Submitted/Approved as of Nov 12, 2007.
Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, visit http://www.intel.com/performance/resources/limits.htm
YearCode Name
BrandName Launch
XeonFreq
Cores/
CPU L1 CacheL2
CacheL3
Cache FSB Chipset
SPECint_rate*_
Base2000
SPECfp_rate*_
Base2000TPC-C*tpmC
SAP-SD*
UsersLinpack GFlops
2001 Tualatin Intel Pentium III 1.40Ghz 512M L2 WW32 1.26 1 16K(I)+16K(D) 512KB 0 133 SW HE-SL 12.2 6.5 17079 135 -
2002 Prestonia Intel Xeon 2.20 GHz 512M L2 April 2.20 1 12K(I)+8K(D) 512KB 0 400 E7500 15.7 13.1 33768 215 5.46
2002 Prestonia Intel Xeon 2.80 GHz 512M L2 Sept 2.80 1 12K(I)+8K(D) 512KB 0 400 E7500 18.9 14.4 39007 245 6.72
2003 Prestonia Intel Xeon 3.06 GHz 512M L2 March 3.06 1 12K(I)+8K(D) 512KB 0 533 E7501 21.5 16.7 44943 290 7.83
2003 Prestonia Intel Xeon 3.06 GHz 1M L3 July 3.06 1 12K(I)+8K(D) 512KB 1MB 533 E7501 26.0 20.4 52468 329 8.16
2003 Prestonia Intel Xeon 3.20 GHz 1M L3 Oct 3.20 1 12K(I)+8K(D) 512KB 1MB 533 E7501 26.9 20.7 54097 340 8.40
2004 Prestonia Intel Xeon 3.20 GHz 2M L3 March 3.20 1 12K(I)+8K(D) 512KB 2MB 533 E7501 30.7 24.0 60364 408 9.79
2004 Nocona Intel Xeon 3.60 GHz 1M L2 June 3.60 1 16K(I)+16K(D) 1MB 0 800 E7520 32.1 25.2 68010 470 11.60
2005 Irwindale 64-bit Intel Xeon 3.60 GHz 2M L2 Feb 3.60 1 12K(I)+16K(D) 2MB 0 800 E7520 39.9 31.6 74298 597 13.00
2005 Paxville DP Dual-Core Intel Xeon 2.80 2x2M L2 Oct 2.80 2 12K(I)+16K(D) 2x2MB 0 800 E7520 59.5 39.4 87791 788 18.10
2006 Dempsey Dual-Core Intel Xeon 5080 May 3.73 2 12K(I)+16K(D) 2x2MB 0 1066 5000p 81.2 61.6 125954 1047 22.10
2006 Woodcrest Dual-Core Intel Xeon 5160 June 3.00 2 32K(I)+32K(D) 4MB 0 1333 5000p 123.0 82.1 169360 1285 38.30
2006 Clovertown Quad-Core Intel Xeon X5355 Nov 2.66 4 32K(I)+32K(D) 2x4MB 0 1333 5000p 200.0 103.0 240737 1870 64.00
2007 Clovertown Quad-Core Intel Xeon X5365 July 3.00 4 32K(I)+32K(D) 2x4MB 0 1333 5000p 214 105 251300 2080 70.00
2007 Harpertown Quad-Core Intel Xeon X5460 Nov 3.16 4 32K(I)+32K(D) 2x6MB 0 1333 5000p 242 131 273666 2449 82
18* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
“Server Compression ”
Source: Intel January 16, 2008.
Performance comparison using SPECjbb2005 bops (business operations per second) between (2004) 2 socket single core Intel Xeon processor (3.6GHz) and (2008) 2 socket Quad-Core Intel Xeon processor E5450 (3.0GHz, 80W, 1333MHz) measured 8/22/07.
1 Floor space based foot on sq ft reduction.
2 Energy costs based on total solution rack power.
3 Energy Savings based on an electric rate of $0.10/kWh assuming 33% average server load.
4 ROI is calculated based on cost of new servers ($6,264 per server pricing based on HP DL 380G5 (32GB RAM) as of Nov 17, 2007. source www.hp.com) divided by energy savings per year.
Actual performance results and savings may vary depending on configuration.
See next slide for detailed calculations
Legal information slide
Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, visit http://www.intel.com/performance/resources/limits.htm or call (U.S.) 1-800-628-8686 or 1-916-356-3104.
19* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved
Calculations for Refresh Benefits System Configurations:2 Socket Intel® Xeon® Processor 3.6GHz (Nacona)8 x 1GB DDR2-400 DIMMsSystem Idle Power: 225WSystem Workload Power: 382WSPECjbb2005 bops performance: 40487
2 Socket Intel® Xeon® Processor E5450 (3.0GHz 80W HTN)8 x 2GB 667MHz FBDIMMsSystem Idle Power: 237WSystem Workload Power: 353WSPECjbb2005 bops performance: 297,984
Calculations:Floor space: 240sq. Foot to 60 sq. foot (83% reduction)Annual energy costs: 48kW to 6kW (87% reduction)Yearly Energy Savings: $53k ($61.4k - $8.29k) = $53.11kQty 126 2S Intel® Xeon® Processor 3.6GHz (Nacona) servers, at idle power (225W * 16 hours/day), at full load
(382W * 8 hours/day), for one year at 0.10 kWh = $30.69k * 2 (HVAC factor) = $61.4k electricity cost per year.
Compared toQty 17 2S Intel® Xeon® Processor E5450 (HTN 3.0GHz) servers, at idle power (237W * 16 hours/day), at full load
(353W * 8 hours/day), for one year at 0.10 kWh = $4.16k * w (HVAC factor) = $8.29k electricity cost per year.
ROI: Using HP DL 380G5 with 32GB RAM is $6,264 as of Nov 17, 2007 on hp.comCost of 17 servers is $106.5k divided by $53k/year energy savings, this is 2 year ROI
Software:BEA JRockit* (build P27.4.0-3-86647-1.6.0_02-20070801-1931-windows-x86_64, compiled mode
Legal information slide
Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, visit http://www.intel.com/performance/resources/limits.htm or call (U.S.) 1-800-628-8686 or 1-916-356-3104.
20* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2008, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved 20
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® Processor 7300 Series based ServersPerformance Publications and Intel® ISV Application Enabling Results – Config Details
• vConsolidate on Virtual iron: Comparison to Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® Processor 7100 Series (167% claim) based on vConsolidate benchmark result published on Virtual Iron 4.0 software:
– Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® processor 7140M based platform details: Intel server platform with four Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processors 7140M 3.4GHz, 800 MHz system bus, 16MB L3 Cache, Intel E8500 chipset, 32GB Memory DDr2 PC2-5300P, 14x Seagate Cheetah* 36GB 15krpm Fibre Channel HDD. Maximum performance achieved using 2 CSUs.
– Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor X7350 based platform details: Intel server platform with four Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processors X7350 2.93GHz, 1066 MHz system bus, 8MB L2 Cache, Clarksboro chipset, 32GB Memory FBD PC2-5300F, 14x Seagate Cheetah 36GB 15krpm Fibre Channel HDD. Maximum performance achieved using 4 CSUs.
Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, visit http://www.intel.com/performance/resources/limits.htm or call (U.S.) 1-800-628-8686 or 1-916-356-3104.