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IoT and its Challenges Iot and its possible evolution
GRUPPO TELECOM ITALIA
e-Health University
Castres, July 1°
Telecom Italia - Research Corrdination
IEEE IoT Initiative
Roberto Minerva
2
Agenda
What IoT is and its several challenges
IoT … the T means Things
IoT and Data
IoT and Communications
A Few Remarks
3 3
Context: the Rise of Softwarization
Softwarization instantiations
Key drivers towards softwarization
Commoditization of HW, i.e., general purpose HW is becoming more and more powerful and cheap.
Cloud computing evolving towards the a Fog of very powerful terminals
(smartphones)
Commoditization of communications,
i.e., the ubiquitous availability of communications means
Virtualization,
i.e., the capability to execute
functions and services on
virtual computational
environments
Autonomics and Self-
Organization i.e., the ability of large system to
adaptively and autonomously optimize
their behavior
Big data,
i.e. the capability to collect data in real time that describe a
phenomenon associated with a resource or a person (or groups of
them)
Availability of Application Programming Interfaces for several resources and functionalities (pertaining to the Comm, Stor,
Proc, Sens/Acting realms)
Open Source, i.e., the ability to model resources and functions by means of software
communities that share results and tools
Softwarization of
the Telcos • Software Defined
Networks (SDN)
• Network Functions
Virtualization (NFV)
• Integration of SDN,
NFV with Cloud
Emergence of
new Services
paradigms and
Biz Models • Servitization:
Anything as a
Service (e.g., IoT,
IwT)
• Pervasive sensoring
and actuating
Virtual
Continuum • Creating new Virtual
Worlds bridging the
Physical
• WorldMetaverse:
Integrating of the
Physical and Virtual
Worlds
• Micro-
Manufacturing: 3D
Printers
Big Data
• Real Time Data
management
• The Bank of User
Data
• Electronic Money
Processing, Storage and Communication resources will be interchangeable. Their composition will allow to provide high
quality services, while virtualization and autonomics will allow for system optimization (aggregating resources where they are
needed the most)
Edge as Point of
Intelligence
Accumulation • Smart Terminals
• Different
connectivity options
• Smart environment
• ….
4
Expenditure on E-Health as a percentage of GPD
A Challenge: how to use technologies to cut costs and improve
quality in the health environment
5
What IoT is: two different views
• In a single administrative domain Internet of
Things envisions a system comprising
sensors/actuators, aggregators and gateways,
service control. These components use Internet
protocols and/or specific sensor protocols to
communicate.
• These systems could be quite large in size and
complex in technologies (even if they will tend to
use a few of them), but they are homogeneous
from a management perspective (at least in
processes and governance) and in ownership
• In multiple administrative domains, the IoT
envisions the integration of several heterogeneous
systems (i.e., networks of networks), each one
using different technologies, interfaces and
protocols and governed/managed by different
Actors by means of different processes and
managements functions.
• The Internet of Things (IoT) in a multi domain
envisions a self-configuring and adaptive complex
system made out of networks of sensors and smart
objects whose purpose is to interconnect “all”
things, including every day and industrial objects in
such a way to make them intelligent, programmable
and more capable of providing useful services to
humans.
Single Administrative Domain Multiple Administrative Domains
The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions systems made out of networked sensors and smart
objects whose purpose is to measure/control/operate on an environment in such a way to
make it intelligent, usable, and programmable and capable of providing useful services to
humans.
6
IoT implies a lot of Challenges
• Definition of Things and
«Identity of Things»
Challenge
• Complexity Challenge
• Communication
Paradigms Challenge
• Data Challenge
• The Software Platform
Challenge
• Silos vs. Horizontal
Application Domains
• The revenue challenge
• Per device
• Connectivity
• Data
• The Value Chain
Challenge
• New Biz Model Challenge
• Privacy Challenge
• Ownership Challenge
• Security Challenge
• Easiness of Use
Challenge
• Social Cooperation
Challenge
7
Agenda
What IoT is and its several challenges
IoT … the T means Things
IoT and Data
IoT and Communications
A Few Remarks
8
What are “Things” ?
https://ibmcai.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/iot-network.jpg
9
How Many Things?
http://tarrysingh.com/2014/07/fog-computing-happens-when-big-
data-analytics-marries-internet-of-things/
10
What are Internet-Connected Things? Active/passive, with/without context
Generic Info Contextualized Info
Passive Objects A Tag,
A pointer to some
information
Info + a location
Reactive Objects A switch at home (turn it
on/off),
A smart meter
Home Automation (when
temperature reaches 20 C
stop heating)
Autonomous Objects A Vending Machine,
An Intelligent Fridge
A Cleaning Robot
11
Sensors: some Examples in E-Health
Source: http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-award/project/libelium-open-source-e-health-sensor-platform/
12
Low Cost Sensors
https://www.cooking-hacks.com/ehealth-sensors-complete-kit-
biometric-medical-arduino-raspberry-pi
13
An Example: BedSores
http://medtecheurope.blogactiv.
eu/2014/04/02/when-design-
meets-medtech-three-ideas-in-
preventing-and-managing-
pressure-ulcers/
http://www.sokasleep.com/blog/
Progress will be
determined by the
integration of different
fields of expertise
14
Each Object can be a “Smart Thing”
ICT
Resource
Local
Services
Virtualization
in the “Net”
Interface
Global
Services
Extended
Functions /Interface
Resource
ICT Resources
Physical
Resource
Virtualization
in the “Net”
API
API
Global
Services
Extended
Functions /Interface
Resource
API
API Physical/Logical
Resources
• Each Resource is
representable in the
Cloud
• Each resource can
be made
programmable
• Each Resource can
be functionally
augmented
Virtual Continuum
15
Are we ready to deal with Billions of smart and independent things?
9/28/2015
Billions of smart objects cannot be
managed in a traditional manner
There is the need to move towards zero-configuration and
autonomic systems
16
Agenda
What IoT is and its several challenges
IoT … the T means Things
IoT and Data
IoT and Communications
A Few Remarks
17
How much Data (and traffic)?
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-
vni/white_paper_c11-520862.html#Trend_3_Measuring_Mobile_IoE
= 2.33 MB /Day
= 27 Byte /s
= 12.2 MB /Day
= 141 Byte /s
18
IoT Data and … Identity of Things
Things have Identities (and Owners) People have Identities and use Things
Me
“My” Smart Thing
Identity Relation
Third Parties
Functional Relation (events and cmds)
Raw data to be
transformed into
Info
Personal
Profiling
Functional
Profiling
Who, Where, When, What, Why, …
19
What to do with data ?
Based on https://securityledger.com/2014/04/will-ot-big-data-create-
darwinian-struggle-for-insurance-carriers/
• User Profiling
• Community
Profiling
• Service/App
Profiling
Profile Engines
Other
Service
Providers
Capturing contextual
Info
Deriving info from and
relationship User – Things -
Services
Sell of contextual Info
Contextual information on
large group of people and
individual derived info
?
20
Aggregating Data per Identity … “O
UR
” S
ma
rt T
hin
gs
Raw data to be
transformed into
Info
Personal
Profiling
Functional
Profiling
Who, Where, When, What, Why, …
+
Events and commands
* = Bigger
DATA
• Who is the Owner
of all these Data ?
• Who has the right
to extract info ?
50 B Devices *
(Average Aggregated Traffic of M2M Devices)
~ 2MB/day = ~ 88.81 petabytes
/day
21
Big Data and e-Health
http://www.mitforumcambridge.org/news/auto-id-labs-big-data-start-
up-challenge/attachment/omnichanneldatasources/
22
Some observation on (e-health) Data
E-Health Data will contribute to the Data Surge
•Many data from health related sources
•Integration with wellness systems
•Multimedia data
Privacy of data and fair usage
•There is the need to protect the final user/ patient
•New ownership of data are to be defined (Bank of user data)
IoT and Big Data analysis will go hand in hand
•Exploitation and monetization of data sets
•Collection of data and new applications fields is essentially undiscovered
23
Agenda
What IoT is and its several challenges
IoT … the T means Things
IoT and Data
IoT and Communications
A Few Remarks
24
Three Communication Environments
Personal Device
Smart Environment
Communication
(capillary network)
Services and
Applications
(Cloud and Internet)
Long Range Communication
(3G, 4G, 5G, …)
Short Range Communication
(WiFi, BlueTooth, NFC, ZigBee,
6LoWPAN, …)
Control/Management
Communication
24
• Network as a smart fast Pipe
• Distributed Edge Networked
Platform
• Value of UpLink
• Control of Spikes of
Information
• Virtualization in the Coud of
Resources
• Transactional
Communication with
Guarantees
The Network is a commodity
Intelligence aggregates at the
Edges
Network Intelligence makes no
sense
Pervasiveness and high distribution of functions
Complete decentralization
New communication paradigms
Autonomic behavior
Opportunistic and dynamic usage of resources and networks
Integration of processing, storage, communication and
“sensing”
25
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26
Anything will be a node !
• Intel has unveiled a WiFi sliver of silicon that
can be part of a normal microprocessor chip.
• We can expect that wherever we find a
microprocessor (e.g. in over 70% of toys, to
name just one area) we will find embedded
connectivity.
Roberto Saracco
http://www.blog.telecomfuturecentre.it/
A trend in devices: integration of communication,
processing, storage and sensing/actuation
capabilities
This a is a big challenge from devices: how can we
take advantage in terms of services and
application of this power in a single node ?
27
Nodes will connect each other in unpredictable ways
http://muxware.net/sol_mesh.php
1
2
3
Node Aggregation at time t1
Aggregation 1
Aggregation 2
Aggregation 3
1
2
3
Node Aggregation at time t2
Aggregation 2
Aggregation 1
Network
• Increasing richness and complexity
at the edge of networks
• D2D Communications
28
Virtual Infrastructure Other Infrastructures Edge Infrastructures
Core Resources and Networks
Southbound API
North bound API
IoT Services and Application
5G Slicing supporting IoT
IoT Slice
Vir
tua
l R
eso
urc
es
(Io
T S
lic
e)
5G
Re
so
urc
es a
nd
In
fra
str
uc
ture
Io
T S
erv
ice
La
yer
Service API
Virtualized Functions
5G standards
should have
less than 1
millisecond
(msec) of
latency
29
An Example of an important Functionality for IoT
Sensor 1
Ingress
Queue A
Aggregator a
Aggregator b
Aggregator c
Ingress
Queue B
Events
Events
Security Monitoring
In aggregation
nodes at the
edge of the 5G
Nework
Egress
Queue Y
Egress
Queue Z
Policing
Control and Management
Sensor 2
Sensor 3
Sensor n
Sensor n+1
Sensor n+2
Sensor n+3
Sensor
n+m
Aggregator d
Aggregator e
Aggregator f
• Intelligent Routing of Events
and Messages thanks to SDN
• Transaction Management
• R.T. extraction of Knowledge
Data Flow
Events
Events
Control Layer
We need to bring Intelligence at the Edge of the Network
5G Network
30
Takeaways on Communications
9/28/2015
Understand the fundamental
role of Terminals and
Devices
The Intelligent is at the EDGE (Put in the Net only valuable
functions)
5G as an enabler
31
Agenda
What IoT is and its several challenges
IoT … the T means Things
IoT and Data
IoT and Communications
A Few Remarks
32
The Software Issue: What Platform for IoT Networks (the middleware and softwarization challenge)
Sensor as a small computer it needs an
Operating System
providing for basic functions
Mobile Sensor API is an example of
middleware for Wireless Sensor
Networks
Apps
Obviously there are many OSes for IoT (e.g., Contiki, …)
Many European Projects are working towards this vision
Sensors /
Actuators/ Smart Objects
Distributed OS (comprising Local
OSes) IoT Platform Services
Application Framework
Apps Apps
A Framework for developing
Applications
e-Health systems: a choice between Vertical and
specialized platforms vs. horizontal and general
purpose ones
33
Dealing with Data in a Fair Way: Data Anonimization, Contracts and Contextualization: Help the User to take control on his data
34
Help solving the many interoperability Issues
Software Interoperability
Protocol Interoperability
Data Interoperability
Processes and management Interoperability
Reliability / Autonomics
35
Business Issues
Value Chain
Viable Business Models
Prosumers and Users
36
Social Issues
The Big Brother Syndrome
Fairness to Users
Easiness of usage
Security and Privacy
Disappearing Interfaces
Doctor responsibility
Patients’ acceptance
Grazie [email protected]