IoT and Modular Wireless Transmitters Tech … IEEE WestMI.pdfThe IoT and Wireless Regulations … Get Connected! Presented by Elite Electronic Engineering, Inc. ... cause harmful

Wireless Transmitters

The IoT and Wireless Regulations… Get Connected!

Presented by

Elite Electronic Engineering, Inc.1516 Centre Circle, Downers Grove, IL 60515630-495-9770 | www.elitetest.comComplete EMC & Environmental Stress Testing

October 13th, 2016

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Factory Connectivity

Connected Wearables

Personal Health Monitoring

Smart Grid

Intelligent Transportation

Autonomous Vehicles

Smart Home

Application Layer

3National Cable & Telecommunications Association

IoT System Layer

4

• Data Center• Network• Endpoints

Internet of Things

5

IoT ChallengesBusiness Models

IPV6 Migration

Network Technology & Architecture

Government Mandates

Are we ready for it?

Internet of Things

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IPV6 Migration


IPV4• 32 Bit Number • 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111• 4 bytes x 8 bits/byte = 32 bits total• 232 = approx 4 billion unique addresses

IPV6• 128 Bit Number• FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF• 8 bytes x 16bits/byte = 128 bits total• 2128 = approx 3.4×1038 unique addresses

http://www.worldipv6launch.org/measurements/

Internet of Things

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IPV6 Migration


Cellular•GPRS on its way out•Higher priced radios & data plans•LTE‐M, NB‐LTE several years away

Existing Wideband •M2M networks IPV4•AMI networks•802.11, 802.15

LPWAN •Low Power, Low Cost Radios•IPV6 Networks•Sub‐1GHz•License Free

Internet of Things

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Network Architecture based on application requirements

IoT Low Power Wide Area Networks

• Sigfox – 915MHz, Ultra‐narrowband BPSK, low data rates• LoRa – 433MHz, 868MHz, 915MHz, Chirp Spread Spectrum• Ingenu ‐ 2.4GHz, RPMA, Random Phase Multiple Access• Waviot‐ 915MHz, UNB

• SilverSpring’s Starfish‐ Smart metering• Cyan’s Cynet ‐ Smart metering• Accellus‐ NB DSSS• Telensa ‐ 900MHz, UNB• Nwave‐ 900MHz, UNB

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11WAVIOT NB-FI LPWAN Technology Products and Tech Description Release 1.8, June 06, 2016

Which one will prevail??

• Licensed vs License Exempt Services• Devices Types, Modular or Base Radios• FCC/Canada Certification Process• Other requirements

Wireless Transmitters

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Licensed Band Devices

Licensed vs. License Exempt

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Licensed Band Devices


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Licensed Band Devices Mobile Network Operators• Verizon• ATT• Sprint• T‐Mobile• US Cellular

MVNOs• KORE Telematics

Hybrids• Areris Communications


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License Exempt Devices

• FCC Part 15, RSS‐210/RSS‐247

• Less than 1W of power• No interference, no protection• Commonly used ISM bands

• 13.553‐13.567MHz• 26.957‐27.283MHz

• 902‐928MHz• 2.4‐2.483GHz• 5.725‐5.875GHz

.

Wireless Modular Transmitters- Complete Devices

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Licensed Band Transmitters Complete Devices

License Exempt TransmittersComplete Devices

Satellite Services• Globalstar• Iridium• Orbcomm

Cellular Services• 2G/3G• 4G/LTE

.

Wireless Modular Transmitters- Pre-certified radios

Licensed Band TransmittersPre‐Certified Radios

License Exempt TransmittersPre‐Certified Radios

California Eastern LabsEM357 Zigbee

Wireless Modular Transmitters- Non-certified radios

Licensed Band TransmittersNon‐Certified Radio

License Exempt TransmittersNon‐Certified Radio

ESP 8266 802.11b/g

JBtek HC‐05 Bluetooth

Modular Radio Regulatory Requirements

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• FCC Requirements • Industry Canada• European Union

• Modules• Host Devices

Modular Radio Requirements FCC & Canada

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Modular Radio Certification RequirementsFCC 15.212(a)(1) & RSP‐100 Sec 7.

(i) Radio elements must have their own shielding (ii) Buffered I/O(iii) Self Contained Regulated Power Supply(iv) Permanent antenna or unique coupler(v) Compliant in a stand alone configuration(vi) Permanently labeled or e‐label displayed(vii) User instructions for compliant integration(viii) Compliance with RF exposure requirements

Modular Radio Certification RequirementsFCC 15.212(a)(1) & RSP‐100 Sec 7.

(i) Radio elements must have their own shielding (ii) Buffered I/O(iii) Self Contained Regulated Power Supply(iv) Permanent antenna or unique coupler(v) Compliant in a stand alone configuration(vi) Permanently labeled or e‐label displayed(vii) User instructions for compliant integration(viii) Compliance with RF exposure requirements

• Single Modular Fully self contained module that meets all criteria

• Limited Single Modular Radio module that does not meet all modular criteria

• Split Modular Module having RF section separate from device controls

• Limited Split Modular A split design that does not meet all modular criteria

1. Review certificate and comply with grant notes. 2. Configure the radio with the approved antenna/type3. Perform SAR or MPE evaluation if necessary4. Perform host device testing as required. 5. Apply labeling & update host device user instructions

Host Device Requirements

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Step 1‐ Review certificate & comply with restrictions. Comply with applicable grant notes.


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‐ Approved for use with antenna(s) as listed in this filing.

‐ Final host installations incorporating multiple transmittersmust comply with collocation and RF exposure requirements in accordance with FCC multi‐transmitter product procedures; collocated transmitters operating in portable RF Exposure conditions may require separate approval.

‐ The antenna(s) must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20cm from all persons and must not be co‐located or operating in conjunction with any other antennas or transmitters.

Grant of Equipment Authorization

FCC OET Equipment Authorization Search

Step 2‐ Only use antennas approved with the grant


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Panel Antenna

Omni Directional

Yagi Antenna

Patch Antenna

Grid Antenna

Dish Antenna

Step 3‐ Perform SAR or MPE evaluation if necessary.


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Mobile Device

Portable Devices Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)

Fixed Device Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)


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Verification Equipment Authorization • TV & FM broadcast receivers• Stand‐alone cable input selector switch• Class B external switching power supplies• Class B digital devices and peripherals• All other devices not otherwise noted.

DoC Equipment Authorization • CB, Superregenerative receiver• All other receivers not otherwise noted• TV interface • Cable system terminal• Class B personal computers & peripherals• CPU boards, internal PS for Class B PCs• Class B PCs assembled using authorized

CPU boards and PS.

Step 4‐ Perform Part 15B/ICES‐003 or other testing as necessary


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Model Number: TX5000Contains FCC ID: XYZ12‐ABC88888888

IC: 2222A‐ABC8888888This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Model Number: TX5000Contains FCC ID: XYZ12‐ABC88888888

IC: 2222A‐ABC8888888

Two part compliance statement for host devices that are subject to verification

equipment authorization.

FCC logo for host devices subject to Declaration of Conformity equipment

authorization.

Host Device Labeling (Verification)

Host Device Labeling (DoC)

Step 5‐ Label the host product and prepare documentation


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Rule Part 15.19(3) compliance statement:

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Rule Part 15.19(3) compliance statement:

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Rule Part 15.21 statement:

Any changes/modifications to this equipment not approved by (insert grantee name) could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Rule Part 15.21 statement:

Any changes/modifications to this equipment not approved by (insert grantee name) could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Additional Specific User Manual Instructions

Kits for TV interface & cable. 15.25(d); TV interface devices. 15.115 (c)(5); Digital cable ready products 15.123 External power amplifiers 15.204(d)(2) Cordless phones. 15.214(c) & (d)(3)

15.233(b)(2)(ii), 15.233(h) Professionally installed systems. 15.247(c )(1)(iii); Operations at 92‐95GHz. 15.257(a)(4) Unlicensed PCS. 15.311

Additional Specific User Manual Instructions

Kits for TV interface & cable. 15.25(d); TV interface devices. 15.115 (c)(5); Digital cable ready products 15.123 External power amplifiers 15.204(d)(2) Cordless phones. 15.214(c) & (d)(3)

15.233(b)(2)(ii), 15.233(h) Professionally installed systems. 15.247(c )(1)(iii); Operations at 92‐95GHz. 15.257(a)(4) Unlicensed PCS. 15.311

Step 5‐ Include Information to users in the manual/documentation

With a Single Modular Certified Transmitter You’re Done!*possibly PTCRB testing if using a cellular module.

Output PowerSpurious EmissionsTransmitter FunctionsBandwidth Usage

CE Mark– Adaptivity– Receiver Functions

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Non-Modular Certified Radio Testing

• Transmitter output power• Power Spectral Density

• Measured Conducted • for Permanent External Connectors

• Measured Radiated • for Integral Antennas or Dedicated Antennas

• Test at Low, (Mid), & High Channels• FHSS or DTS Transmitters


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ERP or EIRP radiated measurement at 3mSubstitution Method to convert field strength to ERP or EIRP Perform test at Normal Conditions


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• Transmitter & Receiver Spurious Emissions

• Measured Radiated• Substitution Method• Limits expressed as

• ERP<1GHz,• EIRP>1GHz

• Wideband systems tested at low and high channels.

• Test at highest power

• Normal Conditions Only


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• Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum• Dwell Time • Minimum Frequency Occupation• Hopping Sequence• Hopping Frequency Separation

Ref 87 dBµV Att 0 dB*

*

*

Center 2.475 GHz 50 µs/

1 RMCLRWR

B SGL

TRG

PS

3DB

RBW 500 kHz

VBW 2 MHz

SWT 500 µs

AC

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1

Marker 1 [T1 ]

43.52 dBµV

0.000000 s

1

Delta 1 [T1 ]

0.13 dB

404.037179 µs

TRG 40.5 dBµV

Date: 25.FEB.2013 14:49:21


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Dwell Time

Ref 87 dBµV Att 0 dB

RBW 300 kHz

VBW 1 MHz

SWT 2.5 ms*

*

Start 2.4 GHz Stop 2.485 GHz8.5 MHz/

1 PKVIEW

B

PS

3DBAC

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1

Marker 1 [T1 ]

39.89 dBµV

2.479959936 GHz

Date: 25.FEB.2013 10:41:06

Hopping Sequence


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79 Hopping Channels


*

*

*

1 RMVIEW

B

PS

3DB

RBW 30 kHz

VBW 100 kHz

SWT 125 ms

AC

Center 2.4045 GHz Span 2.5 MHz250 kHz/

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1

Marker 1 [T1 ]

55.65 dBµV

2.403978833 GHz

1

Delta 1 [T1 ]

-0.02 dB

1.002666667 MHz

Date: 25.FEB.2013 15:32:05


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Hopping Frequency Separation


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• Frequency Error & Drift

• Compliance at the Bandedge

• Occupied Channel Bandwidth

Occupied Bandwidth

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*

*

*

1 RMVIEW

B

PS

3DB

RBW 30 kHz

VBW 100 kHz

SWT 10 ms

AC

Center 2.402 GHz Span 2 MHz200 kHz/

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1

Marker 1 [T1 ]

54.95 dBµV

2.401995000 GHz

OBW836.538461538 kHz

T1

Temp 1 [T1 OBW]

35.06 dBµV

2.401557692 GHz

T2

Temp 2 [T1 OBW]

34.76 dBµV

2.402394231 GHz

Date: 25.FEB.2013 11:44:59

Immunity Testing Electrostatic Discharge RF Radiated Immunity Conducted RF Immunity Electrical Fast Transients/Burst

Surge Immunity Voltage Dips & Interruptions on

Supply Line Magnetic Field Immunity

Emissions Testing RF Conducted Emissions RF Radiated Emissions

EMC Testing

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Immunity (EMC) Testing not Required for N/A

EMC (immunity) and Low Voltage required for CE Mark

Summary of Compliance Regs

USA/Canada

Single modular certified radio: $2K

Otherwise testing/certs depend on techBLE, Zigbee: $7K‐$10WiFi 802.11b/g/n 2.4GHz: $12‐15K802.11b/g/n/ac 2.4 & 5GHz: $30‐$50kCellular Regulatory 3G/4G: $60‐$100KCellular Modular PTCRB: $15‐$20KCellular full PTCRB: $15‐$50K

USA/Canada

Single modular certified radio: $2K

Otherwise testing/certs depend on techBLE, Zigbee: $7K‐$10WiFi 802.11b/g/n 2.4GHz: $12‐15K802.11b/g/n/ac 2.4 & 5GHz: $30‐$50kCellular Regulatory 3G/4G: $60‐$100KCellular Modular PTCRB: $15‐$20KCellular full PTCRB: $15‐$50K

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CE Mark

R&TTE Directive $10k‐20k(Tx report from radio mfg)

Otherwise testing/certs depend on techBLE, Zigbee: $12K‐$15WiFi 802.11b/g/n 2.4GHz: $15‐25K802.11b/g/n/ac 2.4 & 5GHz: $35‐$60kCellular Regulatory 3G/4G: $60‐$100KCellular Modular GCF: $15‐$20KCellular full PTCRB: $15‐$50K

CE Mark

R&TTE Directive $10k‐20k(Tx report from radio mfg)

Otherwise testing/certs depend on techBLE, Zigbee: $12K‐$15WiFi 802.11b/g/n 2.4GHz: $15‐25K802.11b/g/n/ac 2.4 & 5GHz: $35‐$60kCellular Regulatory 3G/4G: $60‐$100KCellular Modular GCF: $15‐$20KCellular full PTCRB: $15‐$50K

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Final Comments

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Arduino

Get Making!

Arduino Parallax Beaglebone Raspberry Pi

• Illinois Technology Association‐ IoT Council• Seamless Consortium, Seamless IoT (Grand Rapids)

Thank You for attending the Western Michigan IEEE EMC Society Meeting!

…Get Going, Makers!!!

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Elite Electronic Engineering, Inc.1516 Centre Circle, Downers Grove, IL 60515630-495-9770 | www.elitetest.comComplete EMC & Environmental Stress Testing

Steve LayaElite Electronic [email protected]‐495‐9770 x 119

Documents

IoT and Modular Wireless Transmitters Tech … IEEE WestMI.pdfThe IoT and Wireless Regulations … Get Connected! Presented by Elite Electronic Engineering, Inc. ... cause harmful