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Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life
IoT Device and Service Platforms Development and Realizing IoT BusinessYAMABE Tomoki, KITAGAWA Taihei, TANAKA Kazuyoshi
1. Introduction
Today, there is a lot of buzz surrounding the Internet of Things (IoT), in which data-gathering sensors embedded in everyday things and objects transmit data via the Internet to cloud-based computers which analyze the data to create new value. The key to making this all work is instant connection between the sensors, which act as the contact points with the real world where the targeted things exist, and the cloud plat-forms, which utilize the data obtained from those sensors effi-ciently and effectively.
This paper introduces the cloud platform technology and em-bedded system devices or sensors developed by NEC to provide the infrastructure necessary to make the world of IoT a reality.
1.1 The Growing Buzz around IoT
The increasing excitement that surrounds IoT is being driven not only by the extraordinary advances in technology we have seen over the past decade - most obviously the rapid evolution of the communication environment as exemplified by the ubiquity of Wi-Fi, smartphones, and various sensing technologies - but also by the expanding potential for new ap-
plications capable of solving a wide range of problems faced by society today.
Many industries that play key roles in modern society such as energy, manufacturing, and healthcare face increasing de-mands to create new value, while at the same time being under pressure to increase efficiency, reduce cost, and enhance inter-national competitiveness (Fig. 1).
Efforts to solve such problems eventually reach a limit -
IoT - the Internet of Things - is “the next big thing” and it’s already here. Revolving around the incorporation of sensors in physical objects or “things”, or sensing the event or changes of environment. And then using cloud-based applications to ana-lyze and leverage the data collected by those sensors in real time to create new values, IoT is rapidly accelerating worldwide. As a major player in communications and database technologies, NEC is well positioned to capitalize on this trend and pro-mote its development. The company has developed and reorganized its core technologies and system technologies to create the foundation for a powerful new IoT platform. These systems are already having an impact in the healthcare field, which has conventionally been difficult to turn into a service, as well as in the physical distribution industry, which is involved in the transportation of goods. To this point, the biggest impact by far has been in the M2M market where mechanisms to quickly configure systems by more efficiently using existing infrastructures and networks are now beginning to be deployed.
IoT, M2M, healthcare, wearableKeywords
Abstract
Fig. 1 Examples of social issues.
Energy
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Food self-sufficiency rate
Ratio of operating profit for manufacturers
Total light power
Calorie-based
374billion kWh
875billion kWh
73% 39%
Approx.
7%Less than
4%
FY 1975 FY 2012
FY 1975 FY 2013
1970 2010s
It is required to improve added value aiming at increased efficiency, reduced cost, and enhanced competitiveness.
Healthcare 6 trillionJPY
39 trillionJPY
FY 1975 FY 2012
Development of new business models
Issue:Maintaining internationalcompetitiveness by improving efficiency
Issue:Improving energy efficiency
Issue:Reducing healthcare costs through improved health management
National healthcare expenditures
Total amount of electric power used
Sustainable living/Sustainable lifestyles
NEC Technical Journal/Vol.10 No.1/Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life68
both quantitatively and qualitatively - when those efforts are made by people alone. This is what makes IoT so exciting; it promises to make everything - from automobiles to airports - “smart.” With data-gathering sensors embedded in physical objects transmitting data to cloud-based computers able to use that data to visualize scenarios, predict the future, provide feedback, and suggest alternatives - all automatically with as little human intervention as possible (Fig. 2).
One area where progress is already substantial is in the field of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications as the ability to monitor the operating conditions of machines from a dis-tance and to increase the efficiency of maintenance tasks deliv-ers immediate value to businesses. The rate of adoption is pick-ing up rapidly as companies must introduce these capabilities merely to stay competitive. So far, however, this technology has only been adopted by those industries that already have the necessary preconditions in place: 1) certain computer functions and 2) means of connection with external networks. In other words, the targets have been companies such as those in the industrial machinery industry which already use ICT systems.
The IoT will change all this. Information about things and humans that have never been connected to ICT will be col-lected and utilized by new technology like wearable devices - smartwatches and activity trackers are early examples of this
technology. The possibility of embedding sensors in just about everything promises potentially explosive expansion of the IoT market (Fig. 3).
1.2 The Value of IoT in Inter-industry Markets
In many industries today, corporate efforts are no longer restricted to one’s own company. Cooperation between di-verse business categories - or the trend toward inter-industry - is becoming more and more prevalent across a wide range of industrial categories. By energizing collaboration between companies that transcends the existing frameworks of business categories, these efforts are focusing on creation of new values and creation of new businesses (Fig. 4).
In markets that are becoming inter-industry-oriented, the role played by IoT is growing in importance. In the field of healthcare, for example, the IoT environment has gradually become extensive enough that it is now possible to conceive of new services in various business categories based on human biological information that can be obtained from IoT. Today many companies are accelerating their utilization investiga-tions into IoT, aiming at creation of new healthcare and life-care services and new businesses, such as prevention and early detection of disease and health promotion while still healthy, in addition to conventional medical care (Fig. 5).
Fig. 2 Examples of values created by IoT.
Fig. 3 Conceptual chart showing the level of IoT.
Fig. 4 Trends in inter-industry-oriented applications.
Fig. 5 Inter-industry-oriented applications in healthcare.
Energy Medicalcare
Cars,traffic
Factories&
machines
Physicaldistribution
Administ-ration &
publicservices
Crimeprevention
&security
Agriculture
Examples of inter-industry applicationsSmart city Health care Next-generation
monozukuri*The 6th industry
Stores, offices,infrastructures,
housing, etc.
Prevention, health promotion,new services, etc.
International competitiveness enhancement, energy saving,efficiency improvement, etc.
Integration of production,processing,
and distribution of food
Trends in inter-industry applications through creation of new value
* Japanese word that refers to manufacturing which is in harmony with nature and that adds value to society.
Information aboutevery thing
Environmentalinformation
Operating information
Probe information
Energy information
Utilization for new awareness
and action support
Centralized management, accumulation, and analysis
Patient body information
Visualization Actionpromotion
Symptom/prediction etc.
SensorSensor
SensorSensorSensorSensor SensorSensor
SensorSensor
Agriculture
Manufacturing/distribution Healthcare
Transportation/ITS
Energy
Life care(healthy stage,
health promotion)
careHealth care(disease prevention,
early detection)
Sick care(medical care)
Elderly care
User
Retail
Service
Manufacturing/processing
State/municipalities
User
State/municipalities (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, etc.)
Health insurancesociety
Telecomcarrier
Fitness club Private insurance company
Hospital
Pharmaceuticalcompany
Pharmacy
Elderly care agency
Material/apparel maker
Health food maker
Equipment maker
Medical Transportation/Automotive
Energy Agriculture/Fishery
Disaster prevention security
Manufacturing/Distribution
Publicinfrastructure
10 million or more
1 to 10 million
Less than 1 million
Number of high blood pressure
patients
Number of Cancer insurance
policy holders
Number of asthma patients
Number of beds
Number of commercialvehicles owned
Number of ETC tollgates
Number of electric power meters
Number of home PV systems
Number of agricultural machines
Number of farming
households
Number of protected
horticulture framers
Number of disaster radio
stations Factories
Machine tools
Number of beverage vending
machines
Bridges
Traffic signals
Tunnels
Number of passenger vehicles ownedCosmetics
Explosive expansion of demands
Sustainable living/Sustainable lifestyles
IoT Device and Service Platforms Development and Realizing IoT Business
NEC Technical Journal/Vol.10 No.1/Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life 69
1.3 Creating Business Models in the IoT Era
To create new social values utilizing IoT and at the same time to create business models to achieve those values, it is important that the hypothetical verification of provided values be carried out in cooperation with clients from the conceptual stage - not simply by proceeding with development by strictly observing the required quality, cost, and delivery time based on the specifications provided by the customers, as is the case in the conventional system integration business. This is because the customers themselves often don’t have a clear pic-ture of what their final services and systems will be and don’t know what devices to use.
For this reason, it is important that the hypothetical verifica-tion cycle be put into operation at an early stage in cooperation with customers and partner companies through validation trials, while proposals for customer values are actively made on a hypothetical basis. In other words, it is important that the ap-proach be shifted to the co-creation of business models (Fig. 6).
At NEC, the cycle of co-creation of values through hy-pothetical verification has been transformed into a service execution platform ranging from devices to clouds - enabling development of efficient IoT systems.
2. IoTCloudPlatform
The requirements for a cloud platform to promote creation of new businesses through co-creation of value utilizing IoT include: connection to diverse devices, handling of large vol-umes of data, and flexible combination of application by loose coupling. At NEC, we achieve these requirements by imple-
Fig. 6 Value creation cycle in the IoT era.
Fig. 7 Cloud platform for IoT.
menting our original design to build a cloud platform that uti-lizes Open Source Software (OSS), which is always evolving to meet market needs (Fig. 7).
2.1 Connection to Various Devices
Data formats, interfaces, and data processing systems differ depending on the sensor and device. In a cloud platform, net-working between various devices is made easier and standard-ization of subsequent processing is achieved by incorporating a mechanism to receive and convert data in real time (Fig. 8).
Specifically, the cloud platform is provided with a reception interface that uses MQTT and HTTP as its main protocols. Utilizing these protocols, the sensor and device can transmit the data. The data itself is sometimes stored in a different place before being collected on the cloud platform. In this case, the
CONNEXIVE for Industrial IoT (IoT Platform)
Built-in integration
Sensor
Imageprocessing
Voiceprocessing
Controller
NFC
Various data formatsR
emote m
aintenance
Maintenancepersonnel
Various data processing:Real-time type/event type/batch type
High-speed general-purpose
transmission/reception
Chronological data(structural/nonstructural)
Monitoring Typicalanalysis
Real-time databaseReal-time analysis
processing
Users
WebAPI
developer
Customersʼ products
Strengthening of IoT platform capable of easily connecting tocustomersʼ products and continuously expanding various services
High-speed general-purpose
transmission/reception
Collaboration with other systems
NEC
Co-creation of themes
Co-Creation
Customers
Energy
Medical care
Cars, traffic
Factories & machines
Physical distribution
AdministrationAdministration& public services
Crimeprevention & security
Agriculture
Examples ofinterdisciplinary
businessesSmart city
Health care
Next generationNext-generationmonozukuri*
The 6th industryThe 6th industry
Stores, offices,infrastructures, housing,
etc.
Prevention,health promotion, new services, etc.
International competitivenessenhancement, energy saving,efficiency improvement, etc.
Integration of production, processing and
distribution of foods
VisualizationVisualizationDigitalization of
the real world
Signs andpredictions
Analyses & inferences
FeedbackControl & Guidance
Creation of business models
Value creation cycle in the IoT age
Utilizationof big data
Business type
and operations expertise
connectivity
Safe and reliable
connectivity
Advanced sensingNew value creation
through demonstrations, trials, etc.
Optimum packagingarchitecture
Cloud
Net
work
EdgeD
eviceN
etw
ork
Centralizedmanagement
type
Real-timetype
Changes in m
arkets such as efforts towards new
value creation and the inter-industry trend
of utilization
Business type
and operations expertise
Technologies and methods
Sustainable living/Sustainable lifestyles
IoT Device and Service Platforms Development and Realizing IoT Business
NEC Technical Journal/Vol.10 No.1/Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life70
collection of large volumes of data can be executed at higher speed by incorporating an agent that utilizes high-speed par-allel transfer technology. The internal process that operates after the data has been gathered is independent of the receiving protocol. This makes it possible to perform the same data pro-cessing no matter what the form of reception.
2.2 Bundling of Large-volume Data
While challenging the value creation approach, the types of connected sensors and devices and the volume of collected data is steadily increasing. This makes scalability an essential feature of a cloud platform, enabling it to be expanded or mod-ified as required.
The cloud platform achieves parallel distributed processing by utilizing message queues for the distribution of data recep-tion and processing. Data is processed using parallel distributed processing, which performs functional implementation in three steps: processing single received data, processing combination of received data and other data, and processing accumulated chronological data after a certain period of time. Data is stored and maintained using NoSQL - which makes it easier to use non-structural data like a document-type database. Since a data store compatible with the application is required for the data lay-er, unstructured data is first stored in NoSQL and then switched to the data store after data processing as needed (Fig. 9).
This structure helps significantly reduce the design pro-cesses required for data storage and achieves an environment which makes it possible to concentrate on the extraction of meaning from the data.
Fig. 8 High-speed general-purpose transmission/reception function.
Fig. 9 Flow of data processing treatment (non-structural to structural).
Fig. 10 Data distribution pattern (“pull” type/“push” type).
2.3 Flexible Combination of Applications Based on Loose Coupling
Once value has been confirmed through actual verification on a hypothetical basis, applications that match the respective phases will be necessary. The required applications change as follows: an analysis tool to extract the value from the collect-ed data for the initial phase; an application to use the data in a standardized form for the business validation phase; and a system to facilitate collaboration between the data and various players in the business expansion phase.
The cloud platform incorporates a mechanism that allows it to efficiently provide the required combination of applica-tions as required. Applications are becoming more and more multi-layered as they are installed smart devices and multiple cloud systems. It is expected that function-specific clouds such as data accumulation, data analysis, and customer contact will emerge in the future and they will help complete the multi-cloud environment where data-centered collaboration will be achieved.
When the cycle of visualization of scenarios, prediction of the future, and feedback of new actions is automated under this environment, the primary data distribution method will not be the “pull” type, in which the application in use extracts data periodically; rather, it will be the “push” type, in which the data is sent to the required application at the required time. Using the “push” type method ensures that the required data will be made available when required, accelerating the data utilization cycle and optimizing the timing.
Let’s take a smart device application as an example. The data required for the application is obtained by using the “pull” type API, and the user is able to use it. On the other hand, a notification enables the user to be aware of data reception at the right time, so if that’s the case, the “push” type data distri-bution is more suitable.
NEC thinks that it is important to use both communication systems where appropriate. That’s why we provide a cloud en-vironment that makes it possible to select the “pull” or “push” type from an application (Fig. 10).
Dat
aR
outin
g
Parallel distributedprocessing
Parallel distributedprocessing
Parallel distributedprocessing
NoSQL(non-structural data)
Utilization of applications
RDBMS(structural data)
RDBMS after data processing as needed.After data conversion parallel processing, data is first saved in NoSQL and then stored in
Data transmission/reception between sensor and machine
Sensor
Machine
Smart Device
Mes
sage
Que
ue
Function C
Function B
Function A
Prot
ocol
Ado
pter
Push Model
Requester Requester Requester
Broker
Provider
Data distribution pattern
Data generation
Data acquisition
Pull Model
Requester
Broker
Provider Provider Provider
Data generation
Data distribution/notification
Sustainable living/Sustainable lifestyles
IoT Device and Service Platforms Development and Realizing IoT Business
NEC Technical Journal/Vol.10 No.1/Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life 71
Fig. 11 Device trends in the IoT era.
Fig. 12 NEC’s IoT device stack configuration.
Fig. 13 NEC’s IoT devices and how they facilitate cooperation with partners.
3. IoTDeviceConfiguration
When looking at a market as new as IoT, NEC believes that there will be many cases where intermediate devices will be re-placed with smartphones and tablets in line with current trends in ICT technology. To complement these changes, an architec-ture is required that concentrates numerous core technologies and processes on the cloud side or sensor/device side (Fig. 11).
3.1 Stack Configurations of IoT Devices
In order to create this architecture, we conducted R&D using algorithms - as differentiation technology - to process the data obtained from a sensor, as well as to control software that drives the sensor. We concentrated on the development of a sensor node provided with an appropriate microcomputer, communication function, and sensor and defined it as a wire-less (public wireless, Wi-Fi, and BLE) sensor node (Fig. 12).
Wireless sensor nodes like this are equipped with an agent to connect to the cloud side and a security function to safely send various sensor data to the cloud. As for the microcomput-er, the ARM microcomputer frequently used in the embedding market is used for low cost nodes and small data types. A high-er-performance microcomputer is used for large-size data such
as images. This allows the system to efficiently handle a wide variety of data.
3.2 Building Relationships with Partners
In the solution set of the IoT devices and clouds, cooper-ation with partners in various core technologies will make it possible to utilize IoT in an even wider range of markets. For this reason, all the system stacks including the clouds are mod-ularized to facilitate cooperation with the partners. This makes it possible to build and offer solid system solutions tailored to market needs (Fig. 13).
To facilitate cooperation with partners, NEC provides vari-ous interfaces and is conducting R&D while advocating stan-dardization for the future.
3.3 IoT Device Technology
Now let’s take a look at the technology incorporated in the wireless sensor node. In addition to wireless capability, various sensors of a minimally required level (for acceleration, LED, temperature, and humidity) are incorporated. These sensors are integrated on a 20-mm square circuit board. This module configuration made it possible to accurately adapt to various devices required for the IoT market as well as to the “humans,” and “things” that those devices will be incorporated in or and mounted on (Fig. 14 and Fig. 15).
Moreover, due to the flexible implementation technology derived from the R&D conducted at the NEC Monozukuri Innovation Division, NEC’s IoT devices can now be easily incorporated and mounted not only on devices and things that have plane surfaces but also on humans and things that have curved surfaces. In addition to the conventionally applicable wrist band and watch type devices, our IoT devices now can be incorporated and mounted on clothes as well as in various containers and cases. Now an IoT truly is possible.
SI
Services for Customer
Global Career Services
LSIHW
firmware
Battery/power supply etc.
Sensor algorithm
Cloud Connection Agent
BLE
se
nsor
no
de
3G s
enso
r nod
e
OS
middleware
Sensor algorithm
Sensor algorithm Sensor algorithm
Wi-F
i sen
sor n
ode
Cloud Platform
version using ARM microprocessor and High-functional version
for heavy sensor data such as Images etc.
NEC’sstrength
NEC’sstrength
Series for Low-cost
High-functional version Middleware(+security)
LSIHW
ConventionalIT
Conversioninto M2M
Conversion into IoT
DataBridge
Image processingData analysis
compression
Multi-sensorBandwidth compression Notification judgement
Informationprocessing
Equipmentsystem
Machinery/human/thing/environment
to sell) in business-wise
Dramaticallyexpanding
targets
Due to IoT, the technology that applies to functional structure and architecture is changing, as are the marketing targets (where to sell) and services (how
SI
Connection agent
network
ARM-PFEmbedded OS
middleware
NEC ’core technologies
Connection agent
Services
BLE sensor
Sensornode
Big data analysis
NEC supplies
SI
Connection agent
frameworkAgent
Secure stack
Services
BLE sensor
Sensor node
ARM-PF
Big data analysis
SI
Connection agent
frameworkAgent
Secure stack
Services
BLE sensor
CPU
Big data analysis
Sensor node
SI
Connection agent
framework
Secure stack
Services
BLE sensor
Sensor node
ARM-PF
Big data analysis
Company A
Connection agent
network network network
technologies and systematization technologies.
Company B Company C
Cooperation with various partners is possible with using NEC’s core
Sustainable living/Sustainable lifestyles
IoT Device and Service Platforms Development and Realizing IoT Business
NEC Technical Journal/Vol.10 No.1/Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life72
Another characteristic of the IoT market is that the potential fields of application are virtually unlimited. This is due to the fact that sensors are not only being incorporated in people and things, but also are being applied in an ever expanding range of industries. For this reason, a sensor section that can be adapted to the needs of different industries has been built into
Authors’ ProfilesYAMABE TomokiAssistant ManagerEmbedded Business Sales Division
KITAGAWA TaiheiManagerGlobal Products and Services Development Division
TANAKA KazuyoshiExecutive Technology SpecialistGlobal Products and Services Development Division
Fig. 14 Features of NEC’s IoT device technology.
Fig. 15 Advantages of NEC’s IoT devices.
Fig. 16 NEC IoT device’s expandability for various industries.
the IoT device since the initial stage of its design (Fig. 16).Through extensive study of the various social solutions that
would need IoT, the sensors and sensor environments that would be required have been sorted out. To enable these to be incorporated while ensuring both high efficiency and expand-ability, the design has been divided into a common main board and user section for addition of custom sensors. In actual cases, it is very unlikely that all the mountable sensors will be mounted at the same time. The mounting formats as well as the interfaces that would allow various sensors to be mounted in combination were all defined when the circuit board was de-signed. This has made it possible to configure IoT devices that are compatible with a wide range of applications.
4. Conclusion
NEC is committed to promoting the growth of IoT by pro-viding its customers with end-to-end systems compatible with the differing requirements of various markets, while continu-ing to conduct R&D aimed at expanding the IoT and the IoT market in the years to come.
* ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Limited (or its subsidiaries) in the EU
and other countries.
* Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of Wi-Fi Alliance.
New value creation by connecting all data pertaining to things(including non-computerized) and people
Watchtype
Weartype
Case
CloudBig data analysis
Gateway, smartphone etc.
BLE Communication
Healthcare Supervision Sports Maintenance
Appliedfor
Chassis
Excellent fitting capability on curved surface that enables mounting on objects with various shapesFlexible enough to apply to human body
Compact & Flexible chassisSensorCommunication(BLE etc.)
Battery
Technologies gained through development of mobile phones and smartphones
Sensor nodeAccelerationHeartrateTemperatureHumidity
Control Firmware
Machines
20m
m
< 20mm
Sensor extension board (soldering bump connection)
Flexibleboard
Battery(Radical Battery
etc.)
Pattern Antenna
BLE Microcontroller
sensor
Healthcare: heartrate sensorPhysical distribution: GPS, luminous intensity, geomagnetism, etc.
Compact sensor node module with built-in algorithm, compact safe radical battery and NEC’s patented pattern antenna
Sensor engine: built-in sensing algorithm
Battery/Power supply: compact, thin & safety
ExistingSmart devices &Gateway Sensor
Industry-specific sensorsectionNEC’s patented
pattern antenna(using circuit board)
1chip BLE
BT/BLEMicrocontroller
Photosensor
Imagesensor
Image compression/processing
ADsensorboard
Vibrationsensor
Pyro-electricsensor
Flow sensor
CO2
sensor
Transportation(in-vehicle)
ThermalAccele-ration
Physical distribution
Energy managementManufacturing
Trans-potation
PublicInfra-structure
Common Board
CT sensor
ManufacturingHealthcare
The NEC IoT device is now compatible with the sensors required for various social solutions using industry-specific sensor section.
Manufacturing
Sustainable living/Sustainable lifestyles
IoT Device and Service Platforms Development and Realizing IoT Business
NEC Technical Journal/Vol.10 No.1/Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life 73
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Vol.10 No.1 Special Issue on Enterprise Solutions to Support a Safe, Secure and Comfortable Life - Value Chain Innovation Linking “MAKE,” “CARRY” and “SELL” -
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Transit System Smart Card Solutions and Future Prospects
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Demand Forecasting Solution Contributing to Components Inventory Repair Optimization
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Vol.10 No.1December, 2015
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