IOT FRAMEWORK AND ITS IMPACT ON BUILDINGS

G HEMANTH KUMAR

ENIYAN

Energy Efficiency, a rising concern

Energy Energy EfficiencyEfficiency

Deregulation

Deregulation of both production and supply of gas and electricity (while

transmission and distribution remain regulated) implies to build new business models significantly different from traditional ones

Generation capacities and grids

Huge investment ($16 trillion worldwide) is needed involving an increase in price of both gas and

electricity

Demand is booming

Because of the lack of electricity generation capacity, peak prices

are becoming very high and volatile

Natural resources (oil & gas)are declining

In the consumption regions such as Europe and North America, energy sourcing is becoming

crucial and focuses major attention of key energy players

Policy and environment

Kyoto protocol implementation involves new constraints to be

integrated in today’s utility business models

Energy Efficiency has implications along the complete Energy value chain (1/2)

On the Supply Side Optimize T&D infrastructure

Deploy efficient substation automation Upgrade to smart metering solutions

Optimize quality and availability of supplied power Measure and improve delivered power quality Implement DG in frequently congested areas

Influence demand consumption Introduce new tariff structures and smart revenue metering Implement AMR Provide customers with accurate and relevant consumption

data Establish DR/DSM programs

Deploy modern IT infrastructure High speed telecoms infrastructure Modern Energy Information Systems

Energy Efficiency has implications along the complete Energy value chain (2/2)

On the Demand Side• Act on Users

– Educate people on efficient use of energy– Act on business related procedures

• Act on loads– Replace, renovate aging loads (lighting, motors, HVAC, …)– Implement intelligent load control (variable speed drives,

regulation systems, lighting control, ...)

• Optimize quality and availability of on site power– Measure and improve on site power quality– Implement backup generation– Exploit co-generation means

• Optimize supply costs– Use the right tariffs according to specific load profile– Participate in DR/DSM programs– Resell excess power

Buildings are a major source of demand side energy efficiency

• Buildings consume over 40% of total energy in the INDIA – Between 12% and 18% by commercial buildings the rest

residential.– Implementing the IOT Building Directive (22% reduction) could

save 40Mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent) by 2020.

• Consumption profiles may vary but heating, cooling and lighting are the major energy users in buildings

– Water heating is a major element for healthcare, lodging, and schools.

– Lighting and Space Heating are the major elements for commercial and retail buildings.

Healthcare Buildings28% Water Heating23% Space Heating16% Lighting 6% Office Equipment27% Other

Retail Buildings 37% Lighting30% Space Heating10% Space Cooling 6% Water Heating17% Other

Let’s dream : tomorrow’s energy efficient buildings would have …

A structure and walls of such insulation performance that only 50 kWh/m2/year would suffice to achieve ideal thermal comfort

All of its equipment to the optimal energy performance level (lighting, HVAC, office devices, …)

Intelligence everywhere that would seamlessly handle energy usage optimization whilst guaranteeing optimal comfort, a healthy environment and numerous other services (security, assistance to elderly people, …)

Renewable and non polluting energy sources

The ability to satisfy its own energy needs (thermal and/or electric) or even contribute excess power to the community (zero/positive energy buildings)

Users whose behaviors would have evolved towards a reasoned usage of energy

Envelope & structure of buildings are very efficient : less than 50 kWh/m2/year are needed for an ideal thermal

comfort

Highly insulating and active glazing :• Vacuum double glazing : energy loss = 0,5 W/m2/°C – wall equivalent• Thermo chromium : variable heat flow between 20 to 60 %

New insulation materials: thinner and able to store energy• nano porous silica• phase change materials

wall

coating

support

balls of paraffin

Effective treatment of thermal bridges (junctions between walls, metallic structures, aluminium frames) : this can yield up to 30% reduction of thermal losses

Equipment (lighting, HVAC, consumer appliances) are more & more energy efficient

Lighting efficiency with LEDs : from 20 toward 150 lumen / W

Heat pumps : from 20% to 25% of performance increase with speed driven compression motor

Consumer appliances : Appliances complying with the energy performance labels are from 10 to 40% more efficient

Intelligence is everywhere in buildings : for usages optimization, for comfort, for health, for services

Shutters, lighting, HVAC collaborate to reach global optimization : increase of more than 10 %global energy efficiency

Sensors provide information of air quality (pollution, microbes, …) and smart ventilation insure health

Weather prediction are integrated in control

Renewable, green energy sources are largely used

Multi-source systems combine different energy sourcesCo-generation (heat & electricity production) increase their efficiency

Photovoltaic cells are integrated to architecture.They provide 15% of 1000 W/m2Global prices are less than 20/W (target 2020)Yet 1000 MW installed in Japan

Associated to seasonal storage (ex : summer storage in earth), thermal solar systems for heating, cooling & hot water cover a large part of thermal needs

Buildings become an energy (thermal &/or electric) production unit for local needs. They can even

contribute to global electricity production

• Buildings collaborate with energy actors

• Real time management of sources & loads in buildings

• Buildings aggregate their needs to optimize transaction with energy providers

• Buildings participate to services for quality & safety of electricity network

Existing experiences : Passivhaus in Germany, Minergie in Switzerland, Zero Energy Buildings in USA

Intelligent House Duisburg

The dream is already partly realitySince the 90’s numerous pilot sites have been built across the world

• Stop and Shop, Royal Ahold (Massachusetts - USA)– High energy efficiency lights with automated lighting control– Use of natural light (50 roof glass panels),

• Results :– Annual energy savings : 25%,– 50% less energy for lighting– Increase of average customer purchase versus other stores,

• Blanquefort College (Aquitaine - France)– Use of solar energy : 120 m2 of solar collectors and 140 m2 of solar panels,– On-line monitoring of energy consumptions and air quality,

• Results :– Coverage of energy needs by renewable energy : 42%– Annual energy consumption : 72 kWh/m2– Annual CO2 emission : 8 kg/m2

• 8 Brindabella Circuit, Canberra (Australia)– Full control of HVAC, lighting, … per office zone with activity sensors– Use of eco efficient lights and photovoltaic panels for hot water production

• Results :– Energy savings : 45%– 45% less CO2 emissions– Hot water energy needs 100% covered by on site solar energy

2001

2005

2006

Turning the dream into a commercially deployable solution

Examples of available solutions - R&D fields related to Energy Efficiency Offering solutions to optimize energy use in existing

buildings and guarantee efficiency over time 75 % of the life cycle costs of a building are in the operation

and alterations of the facility over 25 years. Renovations in existing buildings can yield energy savings of

up to 30%. Long term sustainable maintenance offering preventive

maintenance can keep those savings in place

Innovative solutions delivering energy efficiency in new constructions

New concept of integrated power and control building infrastructure with distributed intelligence

Innovative lighting solutions based on LED technology Advanced autonomous sensors and actuators Smart integration of local distributed generation means

Operation50%

Construction &Finance

25%

Alterations25%

Tomorrow's energy efficient buildings will require additional processing power at all

levels of its infrastructure

MV/LV transformer

station

Main LVswitchboard

Main LVSwitchboard

LVpanel

Ultra terminal devices

Service provider (ASP)

Remote access

Energy management

expert

Maintenance engineer

Building automation

Site engineer

Energy Efficiency and Intelligent Buildings

Thank you for your attention

New integrated power and control architecture

• Integration of Power, Control and VDI at infrastructure and equipment level

• One same equipment, the Active Control Unit, for the different electrical functions of the building

• Sharing of sensors between applications for active control• Open communication to ensure inter operability and delivery of new

services

A new dimension : LED based lighting

• Lighting represents 14% of the overall energy needs of a building. It is a major source of energy efficiency improvement.

• The performance of lighting is directly related to the technology of the light source but also greatly depends on the control strategy– Frequent on / off operations according to sensor data,– Intensity control in order to ensure constant luminosity– The gain throughout the use cycle exceeds 20%

• The progressive introduction of LED lighting is a rupture

– In effectiveness– In comfort of use

• Effective control of LED based lighting represents a double challenge

– Multi criteria control (based on intensity, color temperature, focus), shared control between user & automation

– Electric supply of these electronic loads

A new generation of « autonomous » sensors and actuators for active control

• Further optimizing buildings’ energy efficiency requires extended means of measuring and controlling– New types of sensors : environmental, presence, luminosity, …– A large quantity of sensors (more than 10 per room) : implies use of radio

technology to reduce cost of installation and provide ease of evolution• Average sensor cost of installation = 5000 + rewiring if building evolves

– Sensors and actuators must be autonomous to limit operating costs• installation without power connections• No batteries to manage, change or recycle

• Current work focuses on a double innovation …– Sensor embedded power generation (no wires, no battery)– An environmental sensor

• … and a technological rupture by introduction of MEMS technology– to produce smaller, less consuming and smarter devices– to allow mixing of sensors and packaging

Smart integration of distributed generation means and connection to the

grid• The challenge

– Grid insertion difficulty of local distributed generation means– Low interaction level with electricity distribution companies– Capacity to efficiently control the energy demand is limited and

costly

• Proposed solution

– Competitive solution of universal grid connection of local generation means that allows for all modes of operation (backup, parallel, resell)

– Definition of a standardized definition model for the energy control of buildings

– Management of the demand by optimal control of loads and generation means

– Dynamic interface with distribution companies using either internet or power line carrier communications

Smart integration of distributed generation means and

connection to the grid An application example in the residential field

« Smart load shedding panel » • Fits to traditional distribution

panels• Controls a limited number of

feeders to balance available energy according to :. Priority levels. Energy distribution mode. Types of connected loads

• Monitors energy use• Interfaces to the grid

connection panel• Provides the HMI for

configuration

Grid connectionpanel

« Grid connection panel »

Connects different types of generation sources

Decides which source to utilize

Ensures network synchronization

Manages reselling of excess power

Monitors energy status Interfaces with the smart

load shedding panel Interfaces with external

environment (energy provider, weather forecast, …)

Connection to supply network

SolarpanelsGenset

THANK U