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8/2/2019 IP Protection and Mgmt in ASEAN
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Intellectual Property Protection
and Management in ASEAN
Focus on Piracy and Counterfeiting in Physical Markets
Adam Richard Tanielian
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ASEAN Economic Review
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Population
GDP (Official
Rate, US$bn)
GDP (PPP,
US$bn)
GDP Per
Capita ($US)
BR 408,786 $15.6 $21.11 $49,400
KH 14,952,665 $13.2 $32.95 $2,300
ID 248,216,193 $834.3 $1,121 $4,700
LAO 6,586,266 $7.9 $17.44 $2,700
MY 29,179,952 $247.6 $447 $15,600
MR 54,584,650 $50.2 $82.72 $1,300
PH 103,775,002 $216.1 $393.4 $4,100
SG 5,353,494 $266.5 $314.5 $59,900
TH 67,091,089 $339.4 $609.8 $9,700
VN 91,519,289 $121.6 $299.2 $3,300
All figures are
from 2011-2012
Source: CIA
Note: Cambodia,
Laos, and
Myanmar are
Least Developed
Countries (UN,
2011)
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Unless
otherwise
stated, all
numbers are
from
2011-2012
Source: CIA
Real Growth
Rate Unemployment
% Below Poverty
Line
Labor Force
(million)
BR 2.8% 3.7% ('08) 0.1888 ('08)
KH 6.7% 3.5% ('07) 31% ('07) 8.8 ('10)
ID 6.4% 6.7% 13.33% ('10) 117
LAO 8.3% 2.5% ('09) 26% ('10) 3.69
MY 5.3% 3.1% 3.6% ('07) 14.9
MR 5.5% 5.5% 32.7% ('07) 32.53
PH 4.7% 7.2% 32.9% ('06) 39.81
SG 5.3% 1.9% 3.212
TH 1.5% 1.0% 9.6% ('06) 39.28
VN 5.8% 4.1% 10.6% ('10) 48.23
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Statistics arefrom
2001-2010
Source: CIA
% of Labor Force
in Agriculture
% of Labor Force
in Industry
% of Labor
Force in Services
BR 4.2% 62.8% 33%
KH 57.6% 15.9% 26.5%
ID 38.3% 12.8% 48.9%
LAO 75.1%
MY 13% 36% 51%
MR 70% 7% 23%
PH 33% 15% 52%
SG 0.1% 30.2% 69.7%
TH 42.4% 19.7% 37.9%
VN 53.9% 20.3% 25.8%
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Except where otherwise
indicated, figures are from
2011-2012
Source: CIA
% of GDP in
Agriculture
% of GDP in
Industry
% of GDP in
Services
BR 0.9% 72.3% 26.8%
KH 30.9% 22% 40%
ID 14.9% 46% 39.1%
LAO 27.8% 34.8% 37.4%
MY 10.2% 42.1% 47.8%
MR 43% 20.5% 36.6%
PH 12.3% 33.3% 54.4%
SG 0% ('10) 28.3% ('10) 71.7% ('10)
TH 12.2% 45.3% 42.5%
VN 20.0% 41.4% 38.6%
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Percent of Population with at Least a Secondary Education
Source: UN (2010)
Females Males
BR 66.6% 23.5%
KH 11.6% 20.6%
ID 24.2% 31.1%
LAO 22.9% 36.8%
MY 66.0% 72.8%
MR 18.0% 17.6%
PH 65.9% 63.7%
SG 57.3% 64.8%
TH 25.6% 33.7%
VN 24.7% 28.0%
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ASEAN Domestic Laws
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Patents
BR 1999 Emergency
(Copyright) Order
2000 Trademark Act
(Chapter 98); 1953
Merchandise Marks (Chapter
96)
1984 Chapter 72 on
Inventions; 1999
Emergency Order on
Patents
KH 2003 Law on Copyright and
Related Rights
2002 Law Concerning
Marks, Trade Names, and
Acts of Unfair Competition
2002 Law on the Patents,
Utility Model Certificates
and Industrial Designs
ID* Law No. 19 of July 29, 2002
on Copyright
Law No. 15 of August 1,
2001 regarding Marks
2001 Indonesia Law on
Patents
* Indicates a stand-alone trade secret statute
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Patents
LAO 2007 Intellectual Property
Laws
2007 Intellectual Property
Laws
2007 Intellectual Property
Laws
MY 1987 Copyright Act; 2000
Optical Discs Act
1976 Trademark Act; 1972
Trade Descriptions Act
1983 Patents Act
MR 1911 Copyright Act; 1877
Specific Relief Act; 1996 TV
& Video Law; 1996 Motion
Picture Law; 1996 Computer
Science Development Law
1994 Citizens Investment
Law; 1860 Penal Code;
1889 Merchandise Marks
Act
1945-46 Burma Patents and
Design Act
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Patents
PH 1997 Intellectual Property Code;
2003 Optical Media Act
1997 IP Code; 1992 Consumer Act; 1930
Penal Code
1997 IP Code
SG 1987 Copyright Act (Chapter 63) 1998 Trade Marks Act (Chapter 332) 1995 Patents Act
TH* 1994 Copyright Act of B.E.
2537; 2005 Optical Disc
Production Act of B.E. 2548
1991 Trademark Act of B.E. 2545; 1979
Consumer Protection Act of B.E. 2522
1999 Patent Act and
Amendments
VN 2005 Law on IP
No.50/2005/QH11; 1999
Criminal Code; 2005 Civil Code
2005 Law on IP No.50/2005/QH11; 1999
Criminal Code; 2005 Civil Code
2005 Law on IP; 2000 Law
on Science and Technology;
2007 Law on Technology
Transfer
* indicates trade secret statute
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Prison
Population (yr)
Prison Capacity
(yr)
Population %
of Capacity
BR 379 ('10) 366 ('07) 103.6%
KH 15,001 ('11) 8,360 ('11) 179.4%
ID 141,689 ('11) 85,474 ('09) 165.8%
LAO 4,020 ('04) N/A N/A
MY 38,387 ('10) 32,000 ('09) 120.0%
MR 60,053 ('09) 26,100 ('02) 230.1%
PH 104,710 ('11) 35,000 ('11) 299.2%
SG 12,978 ('10) 15,564 ('10) 83.4%
TH 224,292 ('11) 105,748 ('08) 212.1%
VN 108,557 ('10) N/A N/A
Source: ICPS, 2012;
Walmsley, 2011
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International Law
Overview and
National Status of Treaties
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Status of the
Vienna
Convention
BR N/A
KH Signature 1969
ID N/A
LAO Accession 1998
MY Accession 1994
MR Accession 1998
PH Ratification 1972
SG N/A
TH N/A
VN Accession 2001
Articles 26 & 29 Treaties are valid and binding.
Article 27 Internal law may not be used as
justification for non-performance of treatyobligations.
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Big 4 Treaties
Berne Convention
Paris Convention
Madrid Agreement & Protocol WTO TRIPS Agreement
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Party to the
Berne
Convention
Status of the
Paris
Convention
WTO
Membership
(m.d.y)
Status of
Madrid
Protocol
BR 2006 Accession 2011 1.1.1995 None
KH None Accession 1998 10.13.2004 None
ID 1997 Application 1950 1.1.1995 None
LAO None Accession 1998 Observer None
MY 1990 Accession 1988 1.1.1995 None
MR None None 1.1.1995 None
PH 1951 Accession 1965 1.1.1995 None
SG 1998 Accession 1994 1.1.1995 Accession 2000
TH 1931 Accession 2008 1.1.1995 None
VN 2004 In Force 1949 1.11.2007 Accession 2006
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WTO TRIPS Agreement
Copyright
Duration
(50, 20yrs)
Moral
Rights
Trademark
Term
(7yrs+)
Criminal
Penalties for
Infringement
Trade
Secret
Statute
BR
KH
ID
LAO MY
MR
PH
SG
TH
VN
Source: WIPO Lex
Legislative Implementation
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Personal Use Exception
BR Yes
KH Questionable
ID No*
LAO Yes
MY Yes
MR N/A
PH Yes
SG Yes, questionable
TH Yes, questionable
VN Yes
*If we assume such use "prejudices
the legitimate interests of the author."
Throughout the region, infringement seems to
be qualified when profit is generated through
the sale, rental, and or exhibition to the publicof works. Although the language of some
statutes is unclear, and although cases involving
fair use exceptions were not found, it is
apparent that private domestic use is generally
not considered infringement. If we do not
automatically assume that non-profit private use
of unauthorized copies prejudices the
legitimate interests of the author, then we can
infer that throughout the region, such use is
generally allowed under the law.
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WIPO Treaties
WIPO Convention
WIPO Copyright Treaty
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
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WIPO
Convention
WIPO
Copyright Treaty
WIPO Performances
and Phonograms
Treaty
BR 1994 N/A N/A
KH 1995 N/A N/A
ID 1979
Ratification 1997
In Force 2002
Ratification 2004
In Force2005
LAO 1995 N/A N/A
MY 1989 N/A N/A
MR 2001 N/A N/A
PH 1980 Accession 2002 Accession 2002
SG 1990 Accession 2005 Accession 2005
TH 1989 N/A N/A
VN 1976 N/A N/A
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Supplementary Copyright Treaties
1952 UNESCO Universal Copyright Convention
1961 Rome Convention
1971 Convention for the Protection ofProducers and Phonograms against
Unauthorized Duplication of Their
Phonograms
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Supplementary Trademark Treaties
1973 Vienna Agreement Establishing an
International Classification of the Figurative
Elements of Marks
1994 Trademark Law Treaty
2006 Singapore Treaty on the Law ofTrademarks
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Patent Treaties
Patent Cooperation Treaty
Patent Law Treaty
Strasbourg Agreement ConcerningInternational Patent Classification
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Status of the CTOC
BR Accession 2008
KH Ratification 2005
ID Ratification 2009
LAO Accession 2003
MY Ratification 2004
MR Accession 2004
PH Ratification 2002
SG Ratification 2007
TH Signature 2000
VN Signature 2000
UN Convention against
Transnational Organized
Crime Article 2 defines
serious crimes, which
qualify organized criminal
groups, as crimes having
maximum penalties of 4 or
more years imprisonment.
BR 2yrs 10yrs
KH 1yr 5yrs
ID 7yrs 5yrs
LAO 2yrs 2yrs
MY 10yrs 3yrs
MR 3yrs 3yrs
PH 6yrs 5yrs
SG 5yrs 5yrs
TH 4yrs 4yrs
VN 3yrs 10yrs
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Dispute Resolution
Party to the ICJ
(Declaration of
Compulsory
Jurisdiction)
ICSID Entry
into Force
UNCITRAL
Model Law
Adoption Date
New York
Convention
Entry into
Force
BR 1984 2002 2006 1996
KH 1955 (1957) 2005 2006 1960
ID 1950 1968 N/A 1982
LAO 1955 N/A N/A 1998
MY 1957 1966 2005 1986
MR 1948 N/A N/A N/A
PH 1945 (1972) 1978 2004 1967
SG 1965 1968 1994 1986
TH 1946 N/A 2002 1960
VN 1977 N/A N/A 1995
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Piracy and Counterfeiting
Statistics
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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
BR 67% 68% 67% 66%
ID 85% 84% 85% 86% 87%
MY 60% 59% 59% 58% 56%
PH 71% 69% 69% 69% 69%
SG 39% 37% 36% 35% 34%
TH 80% 78% 76% 75% 73%
VN 88% 85% 85% 85% 83%
NA 22% 21% 21% 21% 21%
WE 34% 33% 33% 34% 33%
CN 82% 82% 80% 79% 78%
Software Piracy Rates
"NA" = North America (excluding Mexico); "WE" =
Western Europe; "CN" = China Source: BSA
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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
BR $13 $15 $14 $19
ID $350 $411 $544 $886 $1,322
MY $289 $311 $368 $453 $606
PH $119 $147 $202 $217 $278
SG $125 $159 $163 $197 $233
TH $421 $468 $609 $694 $777
VN $96 $200 $257 $353 $412
NA $8,104 $9,144 $10,401 $9,379 $10,623
WE $10,642 $11,655 $13,023 $11,750 $12,771
CN $5,429 $6,664 $6,677 $7,583 $7,779
"NA" = North America (excluding Mexico);
"WE" = Western Europe; "CN" = China
Commercial Value of Unlicensed Software ($M)
Source: BSA
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ID MY PH SG TH VN
Music 63% 61% 32% 20% 43% 100%
Movies 90% 80% 74% 25% 63% 100%
Piracy Rates (top)
Source:
Proserpio et al (2005)
Pirate
Units Sold
(mil)
Pirate Sales at
Trade Prices
($USmil)
ID 220.7 $368.1
MY 2.6 $14.2
PH 2.9 $11.7
SG 0.3 $1.7
TH 17.2 $47.3
USA 39.1 $335.6
CN 424.6 $585.2
Estimated Pirate Music Value (bottom)
Source: IFPI (2006)
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China 90%
Russia 79%
Thailand 79%
Hungary 76%
Poland 65%
Mexico 61%
Taiwan 54%
Spain 32%
India 29%
Italy 25%
Mexico $483
UK $406
France $322
Russia $266
Spain $253
China $244
Japan $216
Italy $161
Germany $157
Thailand $149
Estimated Losses to MPA Companies
Internet
($USmil) $1,859
Hard Goods
($USmil) $2,906
Estimated Movie Piracy Rates and Market Value: Top 10
Source: MPA (2004-2005)
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Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Thailand Vietnam
2001 PWL PWL PWL WL WL
2002 PWL WL PWL WL WL
2003 PWL WL PWL WL WL
2004 PWL WL PWL WL WL
2005PWL WL PWL WL WL
2006 PWL WL WL WL WL
2007 WL WL WL PWL WL
2008 WL WL WL PWL WL
2009 WL PWL WL WL PWL WL
2010 WL PWL WL WL PWL WL2011 WL PWL WL WL PWL WL
WL = "Watch List", PWL = "Priority Watch List"
Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Singapore not on lists.
Status of ASEAN Nations on the USTRs Special 301 Report
Source: USTR, IIPA
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Consumer Survey
196 Participants
Age Sex
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High School
27%
Bachelor
52%
Master
10%
Doctor
2%
Certificate
9% Education
18-25
40%
26-35
33%
36-50
14%
51-77
13%
Age
Male50%
Female
50%
Sex
Education
13%
Business24%
Engineer/Tech
9%
Health
Care
9%
Retired/Student/
Unemployed
23%
Service
14%
Other
6%
Government2%
Occupation
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English
68%
Not English
32%
Native Language
USA
16%
UK & IRE
27%
CA
9%
AUS & NZ
16%
European
27%
Other
5%
Nationality
Not Reporting
60%Christian
13%
Catholic
9%
Protestant
8%
Buddhist
1%Atheist/Gnostic
5%
Other
4%Religion
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0
10
20
30
4050
60
70
Lowest Low Medium High Highest No Opinion
Q1: How much of a problem are
piracy/counterfeiting of goods in this country?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Lowest Low Medium High Highest
Question 1 Responses by Sex
Male
Female
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
USA UK & IRE CA AUS & NZ European Other
Question 1 Responses by Nationality
Lowest
Low
Medium
High
Highest
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0
20
40
60
80
100
Lowest Low Medium High Highest No Opinion
Q2: How much of a problem are
piracy/counterfeiting of goods in ASEAN?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
3540
45
50
Lowest Low Medium High Highest
Question 2 Responses by Sex
Male
Female
0
5
10
15
20
25
USA UK & IRE CA AUS & NZ European Other
Question 2 Responses by Nationality
Lowest
Low
Medium
High
Highest
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0
20
40
60
80
100
Lowest Low Medium High Highest No Opinion
Q3: What level of appeal do knock-off goods have
to foreign tourists?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Lowest Low Medium High Highest
Question 3 Responses by Sex
Male
Female
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
USA UK & IRE CA AUS & NZ European Other
Question 3 Responses by Nationality
Lowest
Low
Medium
High
Highest
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0
20
40
60
80
100
Lowest Low Medium High Highest No Opinion
Q4: Estimate the level of purchases of knock-off
goods by foreign tourists.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Lowest Low Medium High Highest
Question 4 Responses by Sex
Male
Female
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
USA UK & IRE CA AUS & NZ European Other
Question 4 Responses by Nationality
Lowest
Low
Medium
High
Highest
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Lowest Low Medium High Highest No Opinion
Q5: Estimate the threat level that knock-off goods
organizations post to the public.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
USA UK & IRE CA AUS & NZ European Other
Question 5 Responses by Nationality
Lowest
Low
Medium
High
Highest
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Lowest Low Medium High Highest
Question 5 Responses by Sex
Male
Female
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Lowest Low Medium High Highest No Opinion
Q6: Estimate the level of losses to companies that
shanzhai/knock-off goods create.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Lowest Low Medium High Highest
Question 6 Responses by Sex
Male
Female
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
USA UK & IRE CA AUS & NZ European Other
Question 6 Responses by Nationality
Lowest
Low
Medium
High
Highest
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0
10
20
30
40
5060
70
Lowest Low Medium High Highest No Opinion
Q7: To what level do non-genuine goods threaten
jobs and economies?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Lowest Low Medium High Highest
Question 7 Responses by Sex
Male
Female
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
USA UK & IRE CA AUS & NZ European Other
Question 7 Responses by Nationality
Lowest
Low
Medium
High
Highest
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Lowest Low Medium High Highest No Opinion
Q8: What is the quality level of knock-off goods?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Lowest Low Medium High Highest
Question 8 Responses by Sex
Male
Female
0
5
10
15
20
25
USA UK & IRE CA AUS & NZ European Other
Question 8 Responses by Nationality
Lowest
Low
Medium
High
Highest
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0
50
100
150
200
Lower Price Support Lower
Class People
Destabilize
Markets
Convenience No Opinion
Q9: Why do customers purchase
pirated/counterfeited/knock-off goods?
0
10
20
30
4050
60
70
80
90
Lower Price Support Lower
Class People
Destabilize
Markets
Convenience
Question 9 Responses by Sex
Male
Female
0
5
10
15
20
2530
35
40
45
50
Question 9 Responses by Nationality
Lower Price
Support Lower Class
People
Destabilize Markets
Convenience