Iphs presentation final

Author: MS. SOARES, SONIA ROHLING

Co-author: Prof. Dr. Moraes, Sergio Torres

Cities, nations and regions in planning history

Picture 1: Fonte Googlearth

PUBLIC POLICIES FOR SOCIAL HOUSING

IN HILLSIDES HIGH-RISK AREAS

15th INTERNATIONAL PLANNING HISTORY SOCIETY CONFERENCE

PUBLIC POLICIES FOR SOCIAL HOUSING IN HILLSIDES HIGH RISK AREAS 02/16

This paper is part of the research developed in Santa Catarina Federal

University for obtaining a Master Degree in Urbanism, History and

Architecture of the City.

It is related to the limits of urban development and environmental

preservation in providing measures of controlling and promoting the

proper and qualified land use. The main objective of this study is to

highlight the need of strategies for including the poor living in landslide

high-risk areas into house deficit account.

Urban expansion process in Brazil is taking place on improper areas due

to:

Severe social and economic crisis;

Historic ineffectiveness of low-income housing policies;

Lacks of adequate legislation for environmentally fragile areas;

and construction technical support for low-income population;

c) Inefficacy of control system of urban land use and occupancy.

INTRODUCTION


03/16 PUBLIC POLICIES FOR SOCIAL HOUSING IN HILLSIDES HIGH RISK AREAS


The local government is responsible for planning and managing

the urban development and for land regulation policies.

Unfortunately, the poor are abandoned to get themselves settled

wherever they can afford.

Their ineffective housing policies reflect some of these consequences

The occupation of high-risk of hillside slopes of environmentally

fragile areas is the only option for those who cannot afford for safe

and infrastructured urban land.

This reality is an on-going problem of the urban growth as well as

the densification of landslides on hillsides high-risk urban areas

despite governmental recent projects environmental fragility

persists as danger to the poor.

CONTEXTUALIZATION

PUBLIC POLICIES FOR SOCIAL HOUSING IN HILLSIDES HIGH RISK AREAS

Picture 02 – Aerial view of the Central Massif of (Morro da Cruz)

04/16

The Central Massif called “Morro da Cruz” in

Florianopolis, in the Southern state of Santa

Catarina, Brazil has been chosen due to the high levels

of unplanned occupation by a large number of squatter

settlements shown since the 1980’s on its slopes; for the

very fragile environmental soil support and for the high

risks of landslides. “ALTO DA CAIEIRA”, one of these

settlements, was chosen in 2008 as a “Priority

Intervention Area” of the Acceleration Growth Program

(PAC) from the Federal Government to receive

infrastructural improvements.


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Picture 03 – Map of Brazill

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“Morro da Cruz”

Population: 22.566 inhabitants (2007);

Height: 285 meters (the highest point of Florianopolis);

Area: 360.000 m2.

“Alto da Caieira”

about 15 % of the total population of “Morro da Cruz”.

673 families (IBGE, 2000) increased to about 20% with 833 families (2008) near

3500 inhabitants. Its marked by:

massive shortage of urban infrastructure ;

high rate of undocumented land possession;

tenure insecurity;

poor living conditions; and

degradation of environmentally protected areas.


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PUBLIC POLICIES FOR SOCIAL HOUSING IN HILLSIDES HIGH RISK AREAS

Figura 4: Localização da Área de Estudo (fonte: Google earth)

06/16


07 08

09

10 11

12

“Alto da Caieira” General Views


Figura 4: Localização da Área de Estudo (fonte: Google earth)

15 16

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PAC project in “Alto da Caieira”


PAC project in “Alto da Caieira”


17 18

19 20

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22 23


There are three main geo-environmental studies of “Morro da

Cruz”* which were used to support our analysis:

1. Rego Neto – Geologist at the Urban Planning Institute of

Florianopolis (Recommended Land Use, 1987).

2. Sonia Afonso – Architect Prof. Dr. at Santa Catarina Federal

University (Physical Suitability for the human settlement, 1992).

3. Saito – Geographer Prof. at Santa Maria Federal University

(Landslides and rock falls Susceptibility, 2004).

_______________*These studies where undertaken as part of the author’s masters degrees.



15 th INTERNATIONAL PLANNING HISTORY SOCIETY CONFERENCE

Integration of environmental

characteristics and conditions

to the evaluation of their impact

on the urban occupation of

“Morro da Cruz” slopes;

Analysis of

geological, geotechnical and

geomorphological conditions of

the existing vegetation and

occupation of the landscape.

According to his studies, “Alto

da Caieira” does not have

suitable areas for urban land

use.

Recommended Land Use (Rego Neto, 1987)

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Relates morphological characteristics to the suitability of

human settlement according to the soil support.

Presents potentialities of a geotechnical map on urban

planning.

Assures construction projects must be subject to studies of the

existing problems of landslides.

Uses of homogeneous zones on technical cartography for land

planning.

Defines desirable actions to implement land portions from a

geotechnical point of view.

Shows failure on identifying geotechnical parameters on the

rise of the underestimated planning required, resulting in poorly

drawn up or defined urban spaces.

(Physical Suitability for the human

settlement (Sonia Afonso, 1992)

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Geo-environmental analysis of landslides and

rock falls susceptible areas taking into

consideration characteristics of

declivity, geology, geomorphology and superficial

formation soil cover on slopes.

Land use hierarchical classification of the

landslides susceptible areas go from

null, low, moderate, high, very high to critical;

- rock falls susceptibility hierarchy go from very

high to critical.

According to this study critical areas of landslides

susceptibility are represented by declivous

slopes occupied by squatter settlements such as

in “Alto da Caieira”.

Landslides and rock falls Susceptibility in Morro da Cruz (Saito, 2004)



The reduction of social inequalities is linked to the gradual increase of

environmental urban quality.

The risks of environmental degradation can not be eliminated counting

on infrastructural improvements.

Some of essential issues to help decision makers take the right path

relating the limits of urban development to the environmental

preservation:

a) Establishment of geo-environmental conditions of change on structural

characteristics: anthropical, climatic, geological, geomorphologic and

vegetation;

b) Use of the susceptibility grading as criteria for removing inhabitants

and demolishing constructions under risks;

c) Identification of peaks, drain lines as unsuitable areas for land use and

occupation.

Towards a New Pattern of Occupancy Control in Sliding Hills Risk Areas



AFONSO, Sonia. Urbanização de Encostas. A ocupação do Morro da Cruz. Florianópolis. S.C. Trabalho

Programado 2. Estudo Geotécnico. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Dissertação

(Mestrado) USP, 1992.

BRASIL. Estatuto da Cidade. Lei Federal 10.257/2001.

BRASIL. Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. Lei Federal 11.977/2009.

Florianópolis. Subprojeto de trabalho técnico social. Secretaria Municipal de Habitação e Saneamento Ambiental.

Projeto Maciço do Morro da Cruz. Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC). Novembro 2007.

IPT-SP/CEPED-UFSC/BRASIL - Ministério das Cidades. Curso de capacitação de técnicos e gestores municipais

no mapeamento e gerenciamento de riscos de deslizamentos em encostas. UFSC. Curso à Distância. Apostila

em papel e CD. 2006

Maricato, Ermínia. Cidades Sustentáveis. Colóquio no 9º Congresso Nacional De Sindicatos De Engenheiros –

Consenge, 2011.

REGO NETO, Cândido Bordeaux. Mapa de Uso do Solo Recomendado (Morro da Cruz – Florianópolis – S.C.)

Dissertação (Mestrado) UFRJ, 1987.

SAITO, Sílvia. Estudo analítico da suscetibilidade a escorregamentos e quedas de blocos no Maciço do Morro da

Cruz. Dissertação (Mestrado) UFSC, 2004.

REFERENCES:



Picture 01 – Florianopolis Island. Googlearth. January/2012

Picture 02 – Aerial view of the Central Massif of Florianopolis (Morro da Cruz) Available

at: http://www.google.com.br/imgres?q=morro+da+cruz+florianópolis.

September, 12/2011

Picture 03 – Map of Brazil

Picture 04 – Florianopolis Island

Picture 05 – Sonia Rohling Soares. Central Urban District – Florianopolis –

SC, November/2011 [IPUF, 2010]

Picture 06 – Sonia Rohling Soares. View of Alto da Caieira from the beginning of Rua

Custódio Firmino - Saco dos Limões, February/2011

Pictures 07 -12 – Alto da Caieira general views

PICTURES REFERENCES:


Picture 0: Fonte Googlearth


Pictures 13 - 23 – Recent PAC project improvements

Picture 24 - Sonia Rohling Soares. Map of Recommended Land Use for Alto da Caieira

– Florianopolis – SC, November/2011 [Rego Neto, 1987]

Picture 25 - Sonia Rohling Soares. Map of Physical Suitability for the human settlement

of Alto da Caieira - Florianopolis – SC, November/2011 [Afonso, 1992, pg. 89]

Picture 26 - Sonia Rohling Soares. Map of Landslides Susceptibility in Alto da Caieira -

Florianopolis – SC, October/2011 [Saito, 2004, pg. 107]

Powerpoint Presentation: Arch. Rhee, Sérgio

English Review: Maligas, Kerry and Berkeley, Jimmy S.

Special thanks to Prof. Dr. Moraes, Sergio Torres

CREDITS:


PICTURES REFERENCES:

Documents

Iphs presentation final