IPM and Pesticide SafetyIPM and Pesticide Safety for Master Gardeners

J ff S h lJeff SchalauAssociate Agent, Agriculture & Natural Resources

University of Arizona Cooperative ExtensionYavapai County

IPM DefinitionIPM Definition

Integrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystemIntegrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control habitattechniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties. Pesticides are used only ft it i i di t th d d diafter monitoring indicates they are needed according

to established guidelines, and treatments are made with the goal of removing only the target organism. Pest control materials are selected and applied in a manner that minimizes risks to human health, beneficial and non-target organisms, and the g g ,environment.

P i i l f IPMPrinciples of IPM

1. Identify Pest Species2. Determine Damage Thresholdg3. Employ Prevention Measures4 Employ Control Options4. Employ Control Options5. Monitor for Effectiveness

Wh U P i id ?Why Use Pesticides?Wh h i l h dWhen non-chemical management methods fail to control an economically significant pestWhen situations warrant pesticide use, control methods also should include non-chemical strategiesPest eradication is impossible, but many times pest management is feasiblep g

Wh P i id ?What are Pesticides?“cide” equals kill“cide” equals killSome pesticide examples:

Cockroach sprays and baitsCockroach sprays and baits Insect repellents for personal useInsect pheromones (attract or confuse)Rat and other rodent poisons. Flea and tick sprays, powders, and pet collars. Kitchen laundry and bath disinfectants and sanitizersKitchen, laundry, and bath disinfectants and sanitizers. Products that kill mold and mildew. Some lawn and garden products, such as weed killers. g pSome swimming pool chemicals.

Wh W H L T dWhat We Hope to Learn TodayP i id d L b liPesticides and LabelingEquipmentUsing Pesticides SafelySymptoms of PoisoningSymptoms of PoisoningHerbicide UseI ti id UInsecticide Use

P i id H P f i lPesticides: Home vs. ProfessionalG l U P ti idGeneral Use Pesticides

These pesticides are not likely to harm the environment when used according to label directions Anyone canwhen used according to label directions. Anyone can but and use a general use pesticide.

Restricted Use PesticidesClassified by the EPA because they can cause harm to human health or the environment even when applied according to the labelaccording to the labelTraining and testing are required to purchase and apply restricted use pesticides (i.e.Certified Applicators).p ( pp )

P i id L b liPesticide LabelingI diIngredient statementFirst aid informationEPA Registration NumberManufacturer informationManufacturer informationHazards to non-target organisms and environmentenvironmentStorage and disposal information

P i id L b liPesticide LabelingB d N l i l di l d d dBrand Name – plainly displayed and used to identify specific productCommon Name – helps make active ingredients with complicated chemical names easier to identifyChemical Name – scientific name of pesticide

P i id L b li E lPesticide Labeling ExampleB d N R dBrand Name – RoundupCommon Name – GlyphosateChemical Name –N-(phosphonomethyl)glycineN (phosphonomethyl)glycine

Si l W dSignal WordsSi l T i it H S b lSignal Word

Toxicity Human Lethal Dosage

Symbol

DosageCAUTION Low Ounce to a pint None

WARNING Moderate Teaspoon to a tablespoon

None

DANGER High Taste to a teaspoon

Skull and crossbones; POISON

Pesticide LabelingSi l W d E lSignal Word Examples

D Ni i S lf T ik Ald iDanger – Nicotine Sulfate, Temik, AldrinWarning – DDT, rotenone, pyrethrum, Lorsban, DursbanCaution – Neem Oil, Insecticidal Soaps, , p ,Malathion, Diazinon

M i l S f D ShMaterial Safety Data SheetH l illHow to clean up spillsFirst aid measuresFire fighting measuresHandling and storageHandling and storagePersonal protectionOth t i l i l i f ti (LD50)Other toxicological information (LD50)

A li i E iApplication EquipmentP ti (h d )Proportioner (hose-end sprayer)

Not recommended for most situationssituations

Compressed Air SprayerBest choice for small jobsBest choice for small jobs

Hand Duster Old fashioned not accurate butOld fashioned, not accurate but work for some materials

Personal Protective EquipmentB i E iBasic Equipment

L l hi t d l t ( l )Long sleeve shirt and long pants (always)Impervious boots (always)

/f i ( l b l)Eye/face protection (as per label)Respirator (as per label)Gloves (as per label)Hat (as per label)Disposable protective clothing such as Tyvek (as per label)

Personal Protective EquipmentCl i Cl hCleaning Clothes

Change clothing every day and changeChange clothing every day and change immediately if they becomes contaminatedStore removed clothing in a plastic bag until it canStore removed clothing in a plastic bag until it can be washedWash clothes with maximum amount of detergentPresoak these clothes and wash separately from other clothesAfter washing clothes, run washer empty to cleanHang clothes outside to dry

P i id P i iPesticide PoisoningD l RDermal Response

Most common – wash with soap and water before touching any other part of your bodybefore touching any other part of your body

Oral ExposureUsually takes place when one neglects to washUsually takes place when one neglects to wash hands before eating and smoking

Respiratory ExposureRespiratory ExposureVapors and fine particles are easily absorbed by lungs and into bloodstreamg

P i id P i iPesticide PoisoningE EEye Exposure

Eyes very rapidly absorb chemicals

S f P i id P i iSymptoms of Pesticide PoisoningMild EMild Exposure

Fatigue, blurred vision, headache, / i i i i / li inausea/vomiting, excessive sweating/salivation,

dizziness, stomach cramps/diarrheaM d t EModerate Exposure

Weakness, chest discomfort, inability to walk, t i t d il f fconstricted eye pupils, more severe forms of

mild symptoms

S f P i id P i iSymptoms of Pesticide PoisoningS SSevere Symptoms

Unconsciousness, secretions form mouth and l i h diffi l inose, coma, muscle twitches, difficulty in

breathingR f t P ti id L b l d MSDS fRefer to Pesticide Label and MSDS for specifics

I i idInsecticidesS h iStomach poisonsContact insecticidesSystemic insecticidesGrowth regulatorsDessicantsDessicants

O h I M T lOther Insect Management ToolsC R iCrop RotationSanitationPlant NutritionProper IrrigationProper IrrigationResistant VarietiesI t iIntercroppingEncourage Natural Enemies

Row CoversRow Covers

St iSteinernema sp.

TrapsTraps

About HerbicidesN l i S l iNon-selective vs. Selective:

N l i H bi idNon-selective HerbicidesKills all types of weeds (as per label)

Selective HerbicidesKills only a certain type of weed (as per label)

Some Specifics About HerbicidesC T l dContact vs. Translocated

C H bi idContact HerbicidesCauses burning effect on leaves with little ffeffect on roots

Translocated HerbicidesAbsorbed and translocated throughout plantUsed on perennials and woody plants

Some Specifics About HerbicidesS il A li dSoil Applied

PPre-emergenceKills germinating seeds

Post-emergenceLong residual effect – for use in industrial areasNot recommended for home use

Ab F i idAbout FungicidesDi f diffi lDiseases are often difficult to controlCultural practices are usually key – sanitation, irrigation, etc.Fungicides are often only g yeffective prior to infection –creating a barrier to ginfection

Corn Gluten Meal

Thermal Kill

M h i l C lMechanical Control

Soil Solarization

S f Addi i AdjSurfactants, Additives, AdjuvantsR d f t i b t fReduces surface tension between surfaces, keeps materials in suspension, improves coveragecoverage

Spreader• Improves contact and weatherabilityImproves contact and weatherability

Sticker• Improves adherence, usually oily

Wetting Agent• Reduces surface tension

M j P i R i i dMajor Points RevisitedNot all organisms that damage plants need be controlledNot all organisms that damage plants need be controlledIdentify thresholds to determine when to begin pesticide applicationIdentification of the pest organism is crucial to effective controlWhen applying a pesticide, always read the label beforeWhen applying a pesticide, always read the label before buying, before mixing, before application, after application (for cleanup)Buy pesticides in appropriate sized containers to avoidBuy pesticides in appropriate sized containers to avoid having to store them for long periodsWhen in doubt, contact your local Cooperative Extension OffiOffice