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Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (1)
IP/Subnetting Tutorial Example (Week 8)
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (2)
Learning Outcome
Learning Outcome 2:
“Develop an understanding of network addressing, and how networks can be subnetted”
Outline:
- Understand IP/Subnetting.- Read IP - The Future? paper.- Conduct on-line tests.
Assessment:
- On-line test in Week 10 (as Week 6 test)
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (3)
Network/host part of the IP address
Routers ignorehost part of the address, and baserouting on the network part
Network partof the address (n.n.n.h3)
Host part of theaddress
n.n.n.h1 n.n.n.h2 n.n.n.h3
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (4)
IP Address Types
IP Address RangesNetwork Host
Class A: 1-126 0.0.1 to 255.255.254(127 networks) (16,711,680 hosts)
Class B: 128.1 to 191.254 0.1 to 255.254(16,320 networks) (65,024 hosts)
Class C: 192.0.1 to 223.255.254 1 to 254(2,088,960 networks) (255 hosts)
IP Address RangesNetwork Host
Class A: 1-126 0.0.1 to 255.255.254(127 networks) (16,711,680 hosts)
Class B: 128.1 to 191.254 0.1 to 255.254(16,320 networks) (65,024 hosts)
Class C: 192.0.1 to 223.255.254 1 to 254(2,088,960 networks) (255 hosts)
00
11 00
11 11 00
Network (7 bits) Node (24 bits)
Network (14 bits) Node (16 bits)
Network (21 bits) Node (8 bits)
Class A
Class B
Class C
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (5)
IP Address Classification
Class D
224.n.n.h212.219.195.0 (Lauder network)Class C 194.83.70.0 (J.Watt network)
192.n.n.h146.176.0.0 (Napier)
Class B 137.195.0.0 (H/W)129.215.0.0 (Uni. of Ed)128.n.h.h
Class A 63.0.0.0 (Microsoft)60.0.0.0 (NTL)
0.0.0.0
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (6)
IP Address Classification
… now run theIP addressingtutorial
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (7)
Network and host part of the network address
Network part
Host part
ClassA
ClassB
ClassC
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (8)
Generation of a subnet mask
ClassA
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
255 0 0 0
ClassB
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0011 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
255 255 0 0
ClassC
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0011 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
255 255 255 0
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (9)
IP Subnet Mask Tutorial
… now run theIP subnet mask tutorial
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (10)
Borrowing bits from the host field
ClassA
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Within our ownnetwork we can borrowbits from the host, todefine the subnetworks (subnets)
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (11)
Class A Subnet Masks
ClassA
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
255255 128128 00 00
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00255255 192192 00 00
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00255255 224224 00 00
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00255255 240240 00 00
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00255255 248248 00 00
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00255255 252252 00 00
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00255255 254254 00 00
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (12)
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00255255 255255 00 00
ClassA
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0011 11 11 11 11 11 11 11255255255255 128128 00
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00255255 192192 00
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11255255
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00255255 224224 00
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11255255
… and so on
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (13)
Class A subnet masks
Network bits Borrowed bits Host bits Subnet mask8 0 24 255.0.0.0 (default)8 1 23 255.128.0.08 2 22 255.192.0 8 3 21 255.224.0.0 8 4 20 255.240.0.0 8 5 19 255.248.0.0 8 6 18 255.252.0.0 8 7 17 255.254.0.0 8 8 16 255.255.0.0 8 9 15 255.255.128.0 8 10 14 255.255.192.0 8 11 13 255.255.224.0 8 12 12 255.255.240.0 8 13 11 255.255.248.0 8 14 10 255.255.252.0 8 15 9 255.255.254.0 8 16 8 255.255.255.0 8 17 7 255.255.255.128 8 18 6 255.255.255.1928 19 5 255.255.255.224. . . .8 24 0 255.255.255.255
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (14)
Class B subnet masks
Network bits Borrowed bits Host bits Subnet mask16 0 16 255.255.0.0 (default)16 1 15 255.255.128.016 2 14 255.255.192.0 16 3 13 255.255.224.0 16 4 12 255.255.240.0 16 5 11 255.255.248.0 16 6 10 255.255.252.0 16 7 9 255.255.254.0 16 8 8 255.255.255.0 16 9 7 255.255.255.128 16 10 6 255.255.255.192 16 11 5 255.255.255.224 16 12 4 255.255.255.240 16 13 3 255.255.255.248 16 14 2 255.255.255.252 16 15 1 255.255.255.254 16 16 0 255.255.255.255
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (15)
Class C subnet masks
Network bits Borrowed bits Host bits Subnet mask24 0 8 255.255.255.0 (default)24 1 7 255.255.255.12824 2 6 255.255.255.192 24 3 5 255.255.255.224 24 4 4 255.255.255.240 24 5 3 255.255.255.248 24 6 2 255.255.255.252 24 7 1 255.255.255.254 24 8 0 255.255.255.255
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (16)
Subnet example
16 0 0 0Class
A
255 248 0 0Subnetmask 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 11
00 00 00 11 00
00 00 00 11 11
00 00 11 00 00
00 00 11 00 11
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (17)
Subnet example
16 0 0 0Class
A
255 248 0 0Subnetmask 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00All 0’s addresscannot be
used as it is reservedfor the whole network
00 00 00 00 11
00 00 00 11 00
00 00 00 11 11
00 00 11 00 00
00 00 11 00 11
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
All 1’s cannot be used as it is used as a
broadcastaddress
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (18)
Subnet example (Class A address)
16 0 0 0Class
A
255 248 0 0Subnetmask 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 11
00 00 00 11 00
00 00 00 11 11
00 00 11 00 00
00 00 11 00 11
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1First subnet: 16.8.0.0
2nd subnet: 16.16.0.0
3rd subnet: 16.24.0.0
4th subnet: 16.32.0.0
5th subnet: 16.40.0.0
11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00Last subnet: 16.240.0.0
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (19)
Another subnet example (Class A address)
78 0 0 0Class
A
255 255 224 0Subnetmask 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
First subnet: 78.0.32.0
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 002nd subnet: 78.0.64.0
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00Last subnet: 16.255.192.0
3rd subnet: 78.0.96.0
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
4th subnet: 78.0.128.0
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (20)
Another subnet example (Class B address)
138 20 0 0Class
B
255 255 224 0Subnetmask 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00First subnet: 138.20.32.0
00 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
2nd subnet: 138.20.64.0
3rd subnet: 138.20.96.0
4th subnet: 138.20.128.0
11 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00Last (6th) subnet: 138.20.192.0
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (21)
Another subnet example (Class C address)
192 168 20 0Class
C
255 255 255 240Subnetmask 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 11 00 00 00 00First subnet: 192.168.20.16
00 00 11 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 11 11 00 00 00 00
00 11 00 00 00 00 00 00
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
2nd subnet: 192.168.20.32
3rd subnet: 192.168.20.48
4th subnet: 192.168.20.64
11 11 11 00 00 00 00 0014th subnet: 192.168.20.224
Author: W.Buchanan. IP/Subnetting (22)
IP Subnet Address Tutorials
… now run theIP subnet address tutorials
Remember, if you are stuck for an answer, press ? In the answer box
