Iran in the 19th century: entering modernity

Iran

Iran: some points

• European influences

• Qajar control limited

• Role of Shiite religious establishment

• Concept of mujtahid

Nineteenth-century Iran

• Qajar rule (1797-1923)

• European incursions

Qajar shah Fath Ali (r. 1797-1834)

European gains

• British and Treaty of Tehran, 1809

• Russians– Treaty of Gulistan, 1813– Treaty of Turkomanchai, 1828

Internal rule, reform: 1800-1890s

• Reforms• Problems • Religion

Nasr al-din Shah (came to power 1848)

Tobacco Crisis and Constitutional Crisis

• Issue of concessions • Tobacco Protest• Constitutional crisis 1905-1906• Majlis and Fundamental Law (1906-1907)• Counter-revolution, 1908• British ultimatum and occupation (1911); Russian

invasion of north