International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015 www.irjet.netp-ISSN: 2395-0072 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 1439 QoS Aware and Secure Dynamic Multipath Routing Protocol for MANET Manisha P. Navale1, Gurunath T. Chavan2 1 ME (Computer Network) Student, Department of Computer Engineering, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------AbstractNowdaystheuseofwireless networkssuchasMobileAdHocNetworks(MANET)or WirelessSensorNetworks(WSNs)iscommonand widelyusedindaytodaylife.MobileAdHocnetworks (MANET)aredynamicallyformedbyagroupofmobile nodesthatareconnectedviawirelesslinks.MANETs areinfrastructure-lessanddynamicbehavior networks.Duetothisdynamicbehaviorandtopology changeofthenetwork,QoSandsecuritybecomes challengingtasksinMANET.Theproposedsecureand QoS aware dynamic multipath routingprotocol is used toimprovetheSecurityandQoSofMANET.Thisnew protocolisnamedasQSAOMDVprotocolforMANET. Forqualityimprovementweareusingdynamic multipath routing method which avoids stale routes by periodicmaintenance,providesrouteswitchingprior toroutebreakageandachievingthesecurityof communicationbysharingsecretkeybetweenthe sourceanddestination.Thissecretkeyisusedfor secure communication. With use of both these methods wecanachievebetterQoSandSecurityofrouting prototcol. Keywords: MANET, security services, QoS aware, data integrity, data confidentiality. 1.INTRODUCTION AMobileAdhocNetworkisacollectionofmobilenodes thatareconnectedviawirelesslinks.Mobilenodescould belaptopcomputers,mobilephones,PDAsorsensors. MANETsforminfrastructure-lessnetworkwithoutany centralizedadministrationorcontrol(routers,switches or base stations). So each node in the network can act as a hostaswellasarouter.Nodeswhicharewithintheeach others radio range they can communicate directly and the nodeswhichareapartfromeachothersradiorangeany nodeactasarouterfortheother[10].MANETsareself-configuring,self-administeringanddecentralized networks.Withthisdynamicbehavior,topologychange andlackofcentralcontrolofthenetwork,QoSand securityprovisionbecomeamorechallengingtaskin MANET. Due to the widespread use of MANET, QoS provisioning is veryimportant.ApplicationsofMANETaremilitary/ battlefieldcommunication,disastermanagement,rescue operations, industries, healthcare and academic, real time applicationssuchasaudioandvideocommunication[1, 4].AlltheseapplicationsneedQoSsupportandsecure communication.QoSprovisioninginwireless(MANET)is morechallengingthanwirednetworksbecauseofnode mobility,lackofcentralcontrol,limitedbatterypower, multi-hopcommunicationandcontentionforaccessing wirelesschannel[4].Duetomobilityandfrequentlink failures,throughputandend-to-enddelayarelowin MANET. This situation can be avoided by using multi-path routingmeansfindingmultiplepathsinasingleroute discoveryphase.Ifoneofthepathfails,anotherpathis selectedforfurthercommunication.Theproposed method finds multiple node disjoint paths in a single route discoveryandmaintainthesepathsperiodicallybasedon QoSmetricssuchasSignalstrength,remainingbattery energyandlinkstability[13].Alongthis,theproposed methodalsoexchangestheshared/sessionkeybetween thesourceanddestinationduringtheroutediscovery phase[1].Thissecretkeyisusedduringdatatransfer phase for secure data transmission. Following sections are as follows: Section II deals with the backgroundwhilethesectionIIIprovidesareview ofthe relatedwork.SectionIVpresentsproposedmethodand Conclusion is presented in the section V. 2.BACKGROUND 2.1 QoS in MANET Thequalityofserviceisasetofservicerequirementsto be met by the network while transporting a flow. A flow is apacketstreamfromasourcetoadestinationwithan associatedQoS.Anetworkisexpectedtoguaranteeaset of measurable pre-specified service attributes to the users intermsofend-to-endperformancesuchasdelay, bandwidth,probabilityofpacketloss,delayvariance (jitter),processingpower,bufferspaceetc.Qualityof Servicesometimesreferstothelevelofqualityof service i.e.theguaranteedservicequality[3,4].Asdifferent applicationhavedifferentservicerequirementssoQoS parameters differ from application to application. In case International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015 www.irjet.netp-ISSN: 2395-0072 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 1440 of multimedia applications, the data rate and delay are the keyfactors,whereas,inmilitaryuse,securityand reliabilitybecomemoreimportant.QoSmetricsare designedtofindmostsuitablepath.Themetrics determinepacketroutingortopologychanges.For reaching the required QoS level it is necessary to consider theQoSmetricssuchasarebatterycharge,MACdelay, PLR, delay, jitter, throughput, link stability, node stability. TheQoSmetricsclassifiedintofourcategoriesadditive metrics,concavemetrics,convexmetricsand multiplicative metrics. 2.2 QoS Aware Routing in MANET QoSawareRoutingprotocolsaretheroutingprotocols thatusetheQoSparametersforfindingapathfrom sourcetodestination.Astheselectionofisbasedonthe desiredQoS,theroutingprotocolistermedasQoS aware [3].Theparametersthatcanbeconsideredforrouting decisionsarenetworkthroughput,packetdeliveryratio, reliability,delay,delayjitter,packetlossrate,andbit error rate and path loss. Decisions on the level of QoS and therelatedparametersforservicesinadhocnetworks areapplicationspecificandaretobemetbythe underlying network. 2.3 Security of MANET MANETsarecollectionofmobilenodeswithoutany centralized control and anyfixed infrastructure.So nodes innetworkwillnotbeunderthecontroloftheircentral authorityandasaresultphysicalsecurityofthenode becomesanimportantissue[11].Duetotheabsenceof infrastructure,itmaypreventfromkeyagreement betweenthetwoentities.MANETshavethedynamic topologybecauseofmobilityofthenodesmeansarrival anddepartureofnodesisnotfixed,anytimetheycan move to another network. Due to freely roaming of nodes, itdifficulttoidentifyordetectwhicharecompromised nodesandwhicharetrustednodes[11].These characteristics of MANET may be challenges for building a secure MANET. There are various types of attacks are possible in MANET. Someattacksapplytogeneralnetwork,someapplyto wireless network and some are specific to MANETs. Types ofattacksarepassiveoractive,internalorexternal[2, 11].TheattacksinMANETcanroughlybeclassifiedinto twomajorcategories,namelypassiveattacksandactive attacks[2][11][20].Apassiveattackobtainsdata exchangedinthenetworkwithoutdisruptingthe operationofthecommunications,whileanactiveattack involvesinformationinterruption,modification,or fabrication, thereby disrupting the normal functionality of a MANET. Examples of passive attacks are eavesdropping, trafficanalysis,andtrafficmonitoring.Examplesof active attacksincludejamming,impersonating,modification, denialofservice(DoS),andmessagereplay.Theattacks canalsobeclassifiedintoexternalattacksandinternal attacks,accordingthedomainoftheattacks.External attacks are carried out by nodes that do not belong to the domainofthenetwork.Internalattacksarefrom compromisednodes,whichareactuallypartofthe network.Internalattacksaremoreseverewhen comparedwithoutsideattackssincetheinsiderknows valuable and secret information, and possesses privileged access rights. 3.RELATED WORK TheRouteStability-basedMultipathQualityofService Routing (SMQR) [15] supports routing stability along with throughput and delay in MANETs. This algorithm consists of:1)Computingroutestabilitybasedonreceivedsignal strengthsforselectingQoSroutesforlongerduration.2) Aroutestability-basedQoS-awaremultipathroute discovery mechanism. 3) A hop-by-hop admission control and a soft resource reservation during the route discovery process. 4) A method to select three node disjoint paths in whichoneistheprimarypathandothertwoare secondarypaths.5)Aroutemaintenancemethodwhich handleQoSviolationandforthemaintenanceof secondary paths and 6) A path switching by the source, so thatthehigheststablerouteamongthemultiplepathsis always selected for transporting data. If the stability value ofthealternaterouteishigherthanthatoftheprimary route,thentheprimaryrouteisswitchedtothealternate route.Anewroutediscoveryprocessisinitiatedonly when all the paths in the multipath fail. RouteStabilityandEnergyAwareQoS(REAQ)Routing Protocol[16]computesthereliablepathfordata communicationbasedonroutestabilityandtheresidual energyoftheintermediatenodefortheadmission control.ThisalgorithmconsistsofthreephasesasRoute discoverylikeAODV,Routediscoveryatintermediate nodes and route selection at destination node. 1) In route discoveryphase,routediscoveryisdonesameasAODV. RREQ packet contains few new fields such as Accumulated PathStability(APST),AccumulatedEnergyCost(AEC), minimumbandwidthandmaximumdelay.2)Ifan intermediatenodereceivesaRREQpacketfromits neighbor, it measure the signal strength and energy of the receiving node. The calculated stability value is updated in theNeighborInformationTable(NIT).3)Whenthe destinationnodereceivesthefirstRREQ,itstartsthe timer.Thenitcalculatesthereliabilityofpath.This methodselectsonlythehighestreliablepathfor communicationdependingonroutestabilityandenergy of nodes. QoSAwareMultipathRoutingProtocol[14]computes multiplepaths.TheQMRPprotocolestablishesmultiple node disjointpaths with low delay. This protocol consists International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015 www.irjet.netp-ISSN: 2395-0072 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 1441 oftwophasesroutediscoveryandroutereply.1)Inthis methodroutediscoveryissimilartoAODV.QMRP introducestwoadditionalfieldstotheRREQasExpected Pathdelayandloadfield.2)IfanodereceivesanRREQ anditisthedestination.Thenthisnodeonlygivesthe replybacktosourcebyunicastingRREPwithEPD initializedtozero.Intermediatenodesthatreceivethe RREP maintain their routing table and increment the EPD fieldoftheRREPwiththeircalculateddelayandforward the RREP to the next hop towards the sourcenode.When the source receives all RREPs back from the destination, it sortstheavailablepathsbasedonminimumdelayinits routingtable.Onlythreepathsareselectedandusesthe firstpathinthelistastheprimarypath.Henceitselect the path from multiple path based on delay calculations. TheQoSEnabledAntColonybasedMultipathRouting Protocol[18]basedonAntColonyOptimizationfor findingoptimalpathfrommultiplepathsfordata transmission.Dependingonthepathpreference probabilitypath is selectedPath preference probabilityis calculatedbasedontheQoSparameterssuchasdelay, nexthopavailability(NHA)andbandwidth.Theroute establishment and communication between mobile nodes iscarriedbyantlikeagentssuchasforwardants(FANT) andbackwardant(BANT).Thismethodconsistsoftwo phases as route exploration and route safeguarding phase. 1)InRoutediscoveryphaseHELLOmessageis broadcastedtoallnodesforneighbordiscovery.The sourcenodeselectsapathwhichhashighestpheromone value.Inrouteexplorationphasemostprobablepathis chosen from multiple paths. When link failure occurs then alternative path is chosen. 2) In Route safeguarding phase whenlinkfailureoccursbecauseofnodemobilitythen alternativepathisselectedandnotificationantis transmittedtosourcetonotifythesourceaboutroute alteration. QoSAwareStablePathRouting(QASR)[8]providesa schemefordynamicallyconstructingpathsbetween mobilenodes.QASRusessignalstabilityalongwithQoS parametersasrouteselectioncriterion.Signalstability consistsofsignalstrengthandlinkstability.Thesignal strengthcriterionallowstheprotocoltodifferentiate betweenstrongandweakchannels.Thelinkstabilityof thenodesallowstheprotocoltoselectachannelwhich has longer period forexistence. Using signal strength and linkstability,QASRselectsthemoststableQoSlinks which have stronger signals for maximum amount of time and hence selects the stable QoS routes. QoS Aware Adaptive Multipath Routing Protocol [12] is an ondemandmultipathroutingprotocolusedtofindnode disjointroutesandforperiodicroutemaintenanceprior toroutebreakagebasedontheQoSmetrics.Inthis methodwhenasourcewantstocommunicatewiththe destination,sourcenodebroadcastsaRREQmessageto allitsneighbors.Thenintermediatenodesforwardthis messagewithfirsthopinformationtowardsdestination. Destinationnoderepliestoneighborsbyuni-castinga RREPmessage.Hencesourcegetsdistinctrouteswith multiplenexthopstodestination.Dynamicroute maintenancemethodwhichselectsbestroutesfrom multipleroutesandalsoswitchestoalternativeroute prior to route breakage based on QoS metric. QoS metrics aresignalstrength,linkstabilityandremainingbattery energy.Everynodecalculateitssignalstrength,link stability and remaining battery energy. In[4]proposednodedisjointmultipathroutingmethod basedonAODV.Thismethodprovidenodedisjointpaths innonodeiscommonamongallthepaths.Thismethod hasthemultiplepathssoitreducesdelayandcontrol overhead.In[7]proposedalinkstabilitybasedmulticast routingprotocol.Linkstabilitybetweentwonodesis affected by variation of these parameters such as distance between two nodes, congestion on link, bandwidth of link and node energy. Table No-1: Comparison of QoS Aware routing schemes. QoS Aware Routing Scheme QoS Metrics Base protocolMultiple Path Support Route Discovery QASRBandwidth,End-to-end delay AODVNoReactive QMRPEnd-to-end delay AODVYesReactive SMQRThroughput, Delay AOMDVYesReactive QAMRDelay, Bandwidth andHop count ACOYesReactive REAQThroughput AODVNoReactive International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015 www.irjet.netp-ISSN: 2395-0072 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 1442 QAAMRSignal strength, link stability, Remaining battery energy AOMDV YesReactive In [3] proposed survey of attacks and countermeasures in MANET.Inthisattacksonalllayersarementionedor surveyed.Networklayerattacksincludeattacksatthe routingdiscoveryphase,attacksattherouting maintenancephase,andattacksatthedataforwarding phase,attacksonparticularroutingprotocolsandother advancedattacks.Attacksattheroutingdiscoveryphase containsroutingmessagefloodingattacks, acknowledgementflooding,routingtableoverflow, routingcachepoisoningandroutingloops.Other advancedattacksarewormholeattack,Byzantineattack, blackholeattack,rushingattack,resourceconsumption attack, location disclosure attack. SecurityEnabledDSR[2]usedtoexchangeashared/ sessionkeybetweenthesourceanddestinationduring theroutediscoveryprocess.Inthisalgorithmvarious packetsaregeneratedbasedonpresenceorabsenceof route and key. Source and destination both store the path andkeyinformationinitsroutingtable.Sourcegenerate thesecretkeybasedonpathandkeyinformation,which isthensharedbetweensourceanddestination.Afterthe pathandkeyestablishmentbetweenthesourceand destination,keyisusedforauthentication,integrityand privacy for secure data transmission. In[1]authorpresentedatechniquetoprovidethedata security tonetwork usingnode authentication and digital signature.Thisprotocolprovidethedataintegrity, confidentiality,non-repudiationandauthentication securityserviceswiththehelpofAESanddigital signature.AESisusedfordataconfidentiality.Digital signatureiscreatedwiththehelpofRSAandhash functionMD5,whichprovidedataintegrity,non-repudiationandauthentication.Thismethodusesthe combination of symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms and hash functions to achieve security goals. In[14]authorproposedahybridcryptosystemtosecure datatransferinMANET.Thiscryptosystemis combinationofsymmetrickeycryptosystemandpublic keycryptosystem.Thishybridcryptosystemisusedto providesecurityservicessuchasconfidentialityand integrity. For encryption or to provide confidentiality AES algorithmisused.Symmetrickeyisgeneratedthrough RSAalgorithm.MD5hashalgorithmprovidesthedata integrity. In[22]authorproposedasecurityschemeforMANET usingHMAC.InthismethodsecuritytoMANET communicationisgivenbykeyedhashmessage authenticationcode.InHMAC,MACisgeneratedusinga symmetric key. HMAC is used for authentication and data integrity. In[23]authorproposedasecuretokenbyusing cryptographicalgorithmAES andhashing algorithmSHA-2. Secure token is used for authentication of two neighbor nodes based on secret key. Message is signed using SHA-2 andAESalgorithm.Dataconfidentialityandintegrityis achievedbyAESalgorithm.Authentication,non-repudiationandaccesscontrolisachievedbydigital signature. In [6] author proposed a key derivation function based on HMAC-SHA-256.Keyderivationfunctionisusedto generatesecuritykeysinthenetwork.HMAC-SHA-256is asecurecryptographichashfunctionbasedmessageand shared key authentication algorithm. It is usedto prevent any modification, interception of data. It helps to maintain data integrity, reliability and security. Table-2:Comparisonofmethodsthatprovidesecurity services. MethodCryptosystem Security Services Algorithm Used Authenticationand digitalsignature method

HybridDC,AU, DI, NR RSA, MD5, AES Enhancedkey derivation function SymmetricDI, Reliability HMAC-SHA-256 Securityscheme using HMAC SymmetricDIHMAC SecureTokenfor secureroutingof packets HybridAU,DI, NR,DC, AC HMAC-SHA-256 Securedata transferHybridDI, DCRSA, MD5, AES SecurityEnabled DSR SymmetricAU, DI, DCHMAC-SHA1, SHA1, AES International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015 www.irjet.netp-ISSN: 2395-0072 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 1443 4.PROPOSED SYSTEM TheproposedmethodisbasedonAOMDVrouting protocol. It is an on-demand multipath routing protocol. It establishes route only when needed. When source S wants tocommunicatewiththedestinationD,thenonlyroute discoveryisinitiatedbysource.Theproposedmethod consistsoffourphases:RouteDiscovery,KeyGeneration, SecureDataTransmissionandRouteMaintenance.Fig.1 showsthephasesinproposedmethodQSAOMDV,which are discussed below. Fig. 1- Phases in QSAOMDV 4.1 Route Discovery a.WhenasourcenodeSneedsarouteto destinationnodeD,itcheckstheavailabilityof routeinitsroutingtable.Ifitfinds,itselectthe nexthopandstartsforwardingpackets. Otherwisearoutediscoveryprocessisinitiated by broadcasting a RREQ packet. b.Inthismethoddifferentkindsofpacketstobe generatedbasedondifferentsituationswhich willdependonthepresenceorabsenceofroute andsharedkeybetweenthesourceand destination node. c.Ifbothrouteandkeyareunavailablethenthe sourcewillgenerateandbroadcastsKRREQ (Key andRouteRequest)packetforrouteaswellas thekeyestablishment.Fig.2showsthe propagationofrequestmessage.Sisthesource node,itbroadcastsrequestmessagetoneighbor nodes A, C and B. D is the destination node. Fig. 2 -Propagation of Route request d.Ifroutealreadyexistsandthesourceneedsa secretkeybetweenitselfandthedestination,it canonlygenerateandbroadcastaKREQ(Key Request) packet. e.If the source needs only route to destination then RREQ(RouteRequest)packetwillbegenerated and broadcasted to all neighboring nodes. f.Thenall(K/R)REQwithdifferentfirsthop information(neighborofthesource)are forwardedtowardsthedestinationby intermediatenodes.Henceintermediatenodes forwardonlyone(K/R)REQtowardsthe destination.g.Destinationnoderepliestomorethanone(K/R) REQmessagebysending(K/R)REPtodistinct neighborsofthesource.ThusREPmessagesets thepathfromsourcetodestination.Fig.3shows thepropagationof replymessage.DestinationD reply to distinct neighbors of the source. Fig.3- Propagation of Route Reply h.Thesourcenodegetsdistinctkeyandroute repliesfromitsneighborsandkeeptheseinits routing table. i.Finallyboththesourceanddestinationstorethe path and key information in its routing table. 4.2 Key Generation The source combines all paths and keys to generate a secret key. KSD = (P1, P2, P3,PN; K1, K2, K3KN) EID = EKSD (SourceID) Where, Pi-thepathfromsourcetothedestinationfoundinith RREP packet. Ki-thekeyprovidedbythedestinationwithithRREP packet. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015 www.irjet.netp-ISSN: 2395-0072 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 1444 EID - encryption of SourceID using KSD. - cryptographic key generation function. Then the source sends a key exchange (KEX) packet to the destination < Source_ID, Destnation_ID, Path, TTL, EID > Then the destination perform the following operations KSDi = (p1, p2, p3, .. pn; k1, k2, k3,..kn) DIDi = DKSDi (EID) Where, Pi-thepathfromsourcetodestinationsentinith(K/R) REP packet. Ki-thekeyprovidedbythedestinationsentinith(K/R) REP packet. - cryptographic key generation function. KSDi - key generated in ith iteration. DIDi - Decryption of EID using KSDi. 4.3 Secure Data Transmission The route and the key are established between the source SandthedestinationD,nowthekeyisusedtoachieve securitygoalslike:authentication,integrity,andprivacy, whiletransmittingthedatapackets.Threatsondata packetsincludeinterruption,interception,modification andfabrication[1].Forsecuredatatransmissionthis method provides security services such as authentication, confidentiality and integrity of data. QSAOMDV provides the following security services:1.Authentication:HMAC-SHA1isusedtocreate MessageAuthenticationCode(MAC)containing routinginformationandtimestamp.Sosource authentication,anymodificationtoroute informationandreplayattackisverifiedbythe destination. 2.Confidentiality:AdvancedEncryptionStandardis usedforencryptingthemessagei.e.,EKSD(M). This will ensure the privacy of the message. 3.Integrity:HashfunctionSHA1isusedtocreate hashofthemessagei.e.,H(M).Thisisusedto check integrity of the message. 4.4 Route Maintenance TherearefrequentroutefailuresinMANETduetothe mobility,limitedbatteryenergyofthenodesand instabilityofthenodes.ForroutemaintenanceRERR messageissent.Inmanymultipathroutingmethods multiplepathsarediscoveredbutalternativepathsare notmaintainedproperly.Sotoavoidthisdynamicroute maintenancemethodisproposedwhichperiodically maintain alternative routes and switches in advance to an alternativeroutebeforethebreakageoftheprimary route.Thealternativerouteisselectedbasedonthe calculatedvaluesofQoSmetrics.TheQoSmetricsare Signalstrength,remainingbatteryenergyandlink stability. Eachsourcenodeperiodicallysendsaspecialcontrol messagecalledupdatemessage(UPD)towardsthe destinationthroughallthecalculatedroutesandthe message is travelledback through the same path to reach thesource.TheUPDmessagehasthreefields,namely, signalstrength(x),remainingbatteryenergy(y)and stabilitymetric(z).Sourcenodecalculatesthecostalong all the routes from the UPD packet. Ci = (axi + byi + czi)/(a + b + c) Where,xi,yi,ziarex,yandzvaluesfromtheUPDpacket receivedthroughthepathi.Symbolsa,bandcare coefficients(weights)andtheirvaluescanbeselected accordingtotheQoSrequirements.Thesourcenode selectsthepathwhichhasmaximumCvalueasthe primarypathandthealternativepathsarearrangedin the descending order of C values. Whenever the C value of thecurrentprimarypathbecomeslowerthanthenext alternativepath,theprimarypathisswitched.Soatany point of time our method routes packets through the best availablepath.Sincethismethodselectsthebestpath basedonquality,durabilityandstability,theoverall throughput of the MANET can be increased considerably. 5.IMPLEMENTATION TheimplementationofproposedmethodQSAOMDVis performed using ns3 simulator under ubuntu-14.04 Linux environment.The parameters used for simulation are: Simulation Area : 1000m X 1000m Simulation Time : 50 sec Transmission Range : 250m Traffic Pattern : Constant Bit Rate (CBR) No. of nodes : 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 Pause Time : 10 sec MAC Protocol : 802.11 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015 www.irjet.netp-ISSN: 2395-0072 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 1445 Maximum No. of paths cached : 3 Node speed : 0-25 m/s 6.RESULT AND GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS 1.Average Throughput: It represents the number of packets sent or received in network in per unit of time.Itmeansthethroughputrepresentsthe successfuldeliveryorreceptionofpacketswith respect to time. 010020030040010 20 30 40 50 60MobilitySpeed Average Throughput [KBPS]AOMDV QAAMR QSAOMDVGraph-1: Average Throughput TheabovegraphrepresentsthecomparisonofAOMDV, QAAMRandQSAOMDVprotocolsw.r.taverage throughput. 2.PacketDeliveryRatio:PacketDeliveryRatiois the ratio of the number of packets received by the destinationtothenumberofpacketssentbythe source. 05010015010 20 30 40 50 60MobilitySpeed Packet Delivery Ratio [%]AOMDV QAAMR QSAOMDVGraph-2: Packet delivery Ratio 3.Averageend-to-enddelay:Itisthesumofthe transmissiondelay,bufferingdelayafterlink failure, retransmission delay and link layer delay. 0123410 20 30 40 50 60Mobility Speed End to End Delay [Seconds]AOMDV QAAMR QSAOMDV Graph-3: End-to-end delay

DuetothesecurityandQoS,throughputandpacket deliveryratiowillincreaseascomparedtoother protocolsintheQSAOMDV.Endtoenddelaywillbeless becauseofmultiplepathsandswitchingof alternatepath before the breakage of the primary path. 7.CONCLUSION MANET isconsisting of acollectionof mobilenodesthat areconnectedviawirelesslinks.MANETshavethe dynamic topology and dynamicbehavior of the network. MANETs are self-organizing and decentralized networks. Duetothedynamicbehaviorandlackofcentralcontrol QoSprovisioningandsecuritybecomesachallenging task.InthisprojectworktrytoimprovetheQoSand securityofcommunication.Thisisachievedbyusing nodedisjointandsecureroutediscoverybysecretkey sharingbetweensourceanddestination,periodicroute maintenancebyusingQoSmetricsandthensecure communicationinwhichAuthentication,Confidentiality and Integrity services are provided. ACKNOWLWDGEMENT IamthankfulofmyguideProf.G.T.Chavanforhis guidanceandconstantencouragementthroughoutthe courseofthiswork.Lastly,Ithankalmighty,myfamily andfriendsfortheirconstantencouragementwithout which this work would not be possible. REFERENCES [1]AmolBhosle,YogadharPandey,Reviewof authentication and digital signature methods in Mobile ad hoc network, IJARCET, vol.2, issue 3 2013. [2]ArunaKhubalkar,LataRagha,SecurityEnabledDSR forEstablishingSymmetricKeyandSecurityin MANETs, IEEE, 2013.International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015 www.irjet.netp-ISSN: 2395-0072 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 1446 [3]BingWu,JianminChen,JieWu,MihaelaCardei, Chapter-A:SurveyonAttacksandCountermeasures inMobileAdHocNetworks,WirelessorMobile Network Security, Springer, 2006. [4]ChhaganLal,V.Laxmi,M.S.Gaur,ANodeDisjoint MultipathRoutingMethodbasedonAODVprotocol for MANET, IEEE, 2012. [5]CH.V.Raghvendran,G.NagaSatish,Challengesand advances in QoS Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , IJARCSSE, volume 3, Issue 8, 2013. [6]FatangChen,JinlongYuan,EnhancedKeyDerivation functionofHMAC-SHA-256AlgorithminLTE Network, IEEE, 2012. [7]GauravSingal,ChhaganLal,V.Laxmi,M.S.Gaur,Link stability based Multicast routing protocol in MANET , IEEE, 2014. [8]GirirajChauhanandSukumarNandi,QoSAware StablepathRouting(QASR)ProtocolforMANETs, IEEE, 2008. [9]HaoYang,HaiyunLuo,SecurityInMobileAdHoc Networks:ChallengesandSolutions,IEEEWireless Communications, 2004, pp. 38-47. [10]H.Krawczyk,et.al,HMAC:Keyed-Hashingfor Message Authentication, Informational, 1997. [11] Jiri Hosek, Dominik Kovac, Pavel Vajsar, QoS Support in Routing Protocols for MANET ,IEEE, 2013. [12]ManuPillai,M.P.Sebastian,SDMadhukumar, DynamicMultipathRoutingforMANET-AQoS Adaptive Approach, IEEE, 2013. [13]Md.GolamKaosar,RoutingProtocolBasedShared andsessionKeyExchangeProtocolforWireless Mobile ad Hoc Networks, IACR, 2011. [14]MuathObaidar,M.A.Ali,QOSAwareMultipath RoutingprotocolforDelaySensitiveApplicationsin MANET , 2013. [15]NityanandaSarma,SukumarNandi,ARoute StabilitybasedMultipathQoSRouting(SMQR)in MANETs, IEEE, 2008. [16]P.SrinivasanandDr.P.Kamalakkannan,REAQ-AODV:RouteStabilityandEnergyAwareQoS Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks, IEEE, 2012. [17]P.PapadimitratosandZ.J.Haas,Securemessage transmissioninmobileAdhocnetworks,Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, July 2003, pp. 193-209. [18]RajanigandhaMetri,SujataAgrawal,AntColony OptimizationAlgorithmBasedanIntelligent ProtocoltoImproveQoSofMANETs,IEEE, InternationalConferenceonCircuits,Systems, CommunicationandInformationTechnology Applications (CSCITA) ,2014. [19]SatyamShrivastava,SonaliJain,ABriefIntroduction of Different type of security attacks found in MANET , InternationalJournalofComputerScienceand Engineering Technology (IJCSET), Vol.4 No.03,2013. [20]SivaranjaniS,RajshreeS,SecureDataTransferIn MANET using Hybrid Cyptosystem, ICICES, 2014. [21]Seema,Yudhvirsinghandvikassiwach,Qualityof Service in MANET, vol.1, Issue 3, 2012. [22]SenthilKumar.A,Logashanmugam.E,ToEnhance SecuritySchemeforMANETusingHMAC,ICCTET, 2014. [23]S.Zalte,VijayGhorpade,SecureTokenforSecure Routing of Packet in MANET, IJCSIT, 2014.