Iron Warrior: Volume 10, Issue 12

8/14/2019 Iron Warrior: Volume 10, Issue 12

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W R R ONov. 17, 1989 THE ENGINEERING SOCIETY S STUDENT FORUM Nov. 17, 1989

UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO

ENGINEERING SOCIETY

GEN E 19808 - The Decade in Review

Final Examination1a. Name all leaders of the Soviet Union during the 1980s.

1b. Which of these leaders was internationally acclaimedfor their involvement in ending the Cold War?

2. What countries poycot ted the 1980 Summer Olympic Games,and why?

3. What countries boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympic Games,

and why?4. What countries boycotted the 1988 Summer Olympic Games,

and why?

5. In what military actions were the following countries involved?a The United States of Americab) The Un i ted Kingdomc The Union of Soviet Socialist Republicsd Canadae France

f Vietnam6a. What was the single most important event of the 1980s?

6b. When did it begin publication?

6c. When did it replace Enginews as EngSoc s premier paper?

7. Name all of the Presidents of the Engineering Society in the 1980s.

8. Name all of the Editors of the Iron Warrior.

9. Name all o f he Editors of Enginews.

10. Why was nginews forced to cease publication?

11. What were the major changes in EngSoc in the 1980s?

12. Explain, using at least 5 examples, how the 1980s was the startof a new era of international peace and understanding.


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Page 2 Iron Warrior November 17, 1989

Signing O ffOkay. Okay. I'll write the damned

editorial.No. Wrong allilude . Try again.Okay, this is my last editorial. My

last chance to be high and mighty. Howcan I use this opportunity to make thebest of the situa tion? What words of whatI call wisdom can I pass on in thi s, thefinal editorial by Todd?

Well, how about attiLUdes, our way oflooking at things?

I, unfortunately, still look at most

deadlines as impositions on my free time .I've always got better things to do (eg.Rock-and-Roll night at the Shelter).Therefore, things are always put off unLiIthe last moment and I bitch all the waythere. But wait. What if they weren'tpains -in-the-butt? What if they actuallyserved a purpose?

Take project courses. Building thedamn thing is always a pain. Or is it agreat experience in disguise? Buildi ngsomet hing gives you a sense of

The future s not ours to see.The last issue of the 80's. I should say

something about thatThought one, I used to keep

newspaper clippings: I've thrown most ofthem out. They are history. It is the

present and future that matters. The pastis merely a reference poim, a relative scalefor current events.

Thought two: Everything we havedone prepares us for the present. A personis the sum experience and futurecapability. Past and future , irrevocablylinked. History is important after all. Itdetermines the future.

Thought three: What does this have todo with the 80's.

I'm not a historian. My recollection ofthe past is sketchy. I leave it to the majordailies to oblige us with a snap-shotreview of the decade. Besides , 1990 isstill over a month away.

Today, my mind is filled with imagesof an Iron Curtain being drawn and

sunlight streaming in through grimy

windows with people on both sidespolishing as quickly as possible. But Ialso sec the potential for a shattered frameof glass.

Who knows what I ll read in the Globe

tomorrow?I'm not a futurian. I don't know whatstories I'll tell my grandchildren. Timewill choose for us.

My money is on Gorby . Good will orgood economics? Does it matter? Acharismatic symbol of the decade.

At home, maybe the year we soldCanada. Or saved it. Or is this best leftfor the 90's?

I'd like to remember the good things,not the bad.

Thought four: I f I am still alive in100 years, I would like to read a historybook. I wonder what it would say . Whatwill be the final issue of the 80 's?

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November 17, 1989 Iron lVarrior

Editors

Remembering Today Todd RuthmanTed Timar

In Flanders Field the poppies blowBetween the crosses row on rowthat mark our place. And in the skythe larks still bravely singing flyscarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead. Short days agowe lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,loved and were loved , and now we liein Flanders Field.

Take up our quarrel with the foe.To you from failing hands we throwthe torch; be yours to hold it high.If you break faith with us who diewe shall not sleep, so poppies growin Flanders Field.

- Col. John McCrae

As I sat in the Remembrance Dayservice last Saturday, I was moved by allof the present day meanings for thisholiday .

In the 1940s, the world had to relearn amajor lesson about war: it isn't fun.Several thousand soldiers were killed.Worse, several thousand innocent civilianswere killed. (Of course, this falselyimplies that the soldiers weren't innocent.)Furthermore, most of the European Jewishpopulation was killed. All this isfrequently noted. Unfortunately, people dotend to forget that the Gypsy populationwas also decimated. Unfortunately, therearen 't enough Gypsy organizations left toremind the world about this loss.

People never really learned. Onlyshortly after the end of the World War II.Mao Tse Tung won the ChineseRevolution and proceeded to kill people inmuch the same way as Stalin had twodecades earlier. This, and Sovietexpansionism in Eastern Europe,promoted McCarthyism in the West. Thisresulted in an environment where the m erethought that social ism might have somemerits was treated barely better thanStalin's opponents had been.

Since that time, From Szczeczin onthe Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic, anIron Curtain has descende d upon Europe.This was caused, not only by thepersecution of people in Eastern Europe,but also by the attitudes in the West Thecold war was based

upon alack of

communication.But that has not been the only problem

the world has faced since the end of thesecond world wa r . There has beencontinuous turmoil in the Middle East, inIreland, in most of Africa and in CentralAmerica. More noticeably, there have beenmajor wars in East Asia . First, the USwas able to get the UN to authorize aPolice Action in Korea, which resulted inthe split of the country. Later, anothersimilar war occurred in Vietnam.

Later, in some parts of the world,people did try to win their freedom. In

The Iron W m i o r is a forum forthought-provokinl and inform.-iYe II1iclespresented by the academk commwlity ofthe University of Waterloo. Viewlexpressed in the Iron Warrior. other thanthe editorials, are those of the authors anddo not necessarily reflect the opinions ofthe editors or the Engineering Society.

The Iron Warrior encouragessubmissions from students. faculty andother members of the universitycommunity. SubmiAions should reftect theconcerns and intellectual standards of theuniversity in aeneral. and should betypewritten or neatly written. doublespaced and on one side of the pap only.The authors name. eJ.- if applieable) IDdphone number .Jlould be l u d c d

Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Poland therewere major flare-ups. In each of thesecases, the rebellions were brutally crushedby armies which have been faiLhful to thegovernment.

Looking back to the beginning of hisdecade, which certainly came in more likea lion than a lamb, we can remember thatevery day, the newscasts would inform usof the number of days that the U.S.embassy staff had been held hostage inIran. At that time, Iran and Iraq started theprolonged Gulf War . The Americanbacked Contra Rebels were killingcivilians to force the government ofNicaragua to give in.

Still in this decade, we saw continuedturmoil in India , Sri Lanka, Ire land, th eMiddle East, Central America, and all overAfrica . We also saw Argentina attack theFalkland Islands, in an unexpected disputethat most people hadn't even considered anissue. In 1980, most western countriesboycotted the Olympics in Moscow,because of the Soviet invasion ofAfghanistan. In 1984. the east blockcountries boycotted the Olympics in Lo sAngeles because of the American invasionof Grenada.

Since that time most of those conflictshave been seuIed, at least temporarily . InLebanon, a new government has beenformed, accepted by almost all of theparties involved. In Central America, wehave a Peace Plan to which most partieshave agreed, and eventually all might. Wehave seen a new reduction in the amountof indiscriminant terrorism. Iran and Iraqhave a lasting cease fire. China and Britainhave decided upon a future for Hong Kongand Portugal was able to use this as ablueprint for the peaceful hand-over ofMacao. The PLO have promised toabandon terrorism as a meLhod for gainingtheir desired hom eland. In Grenada and inthe Philippin es, the governments are nowsupported by the people. Argentina andBritain arc now at peace. Even moreastou nd ing is t he fact th a t the U.S . and theSoviet U nion have been eliminating allmedium and intermediate range ballisticmissiles.

In many parts of the world, people arcstill fighting for, diing for, and now evenwinning their freedom. In Poland, there is ,for the first time in 40 years, a noncommunist government that has beenelected by the people'. In Hungary, thecommunist party has commuted itself intoa social democratic party, and multi - partywestern-style free elections fil l be held forboth the government and the presidency.In the USSR itself, with Perestroika, thegovernment has been replaced with a freelyelected one, albeit with some restrictions,and the new constitution created an electedpresidency with a maximum term ofoffice.

Most recently, in East Germany, thegovernment has given , in to the people'sdesire for freedom, and just given it to

All submissions, unles. otherwilestated, become the propty of Ibe ha.nWmiOt. which reserves the right to refusepublication of material which it deemsunsuitable. The Iron Warrior also Teserverstbe right Ie edit grammar, spellinl andportions o text that do not meet universitystandards. Authors will be notified of anymajor change. that may be required .

All submissions and advertisingenquiries should be forwarded to:

Imn WaaiorEngineerin, SocietyCPH 1327University of WaterlooWATERLOO, Ontario(519) 888-4762

them. With the end of the Berlin wall,many people arc much more worried aboutthe potential economic power of a unitedGermany, or at least a powerful frcc Ea tGermany, instead of how Germans arepersecuted.

In other parts of the world, we haveseen the completion of the Sovietwithdrawal from Afghanistan, theVietname e withdrawal from Kampuchea(now, once again called Cambodia), and inprogress, the South African withdrawalfrom Namibia. We also see some(possibly dim) hope for a Syrianwithdrawal from Lebanon, which hascerta inly been the most prolonged anddirect ion less civil war of our time.

Unfortunately, not all ha s gone well.In China, four thousand students who werepeacefully trying to gain democraticfreedoms were killed in a successfulauempt by the totalitarian Chinese regimeto maintain their grip on pow er. TheseChinese students must be remembered.because they died in a fight for freedomand peace, and they , unlike the soldiers ofthe World Wars had no intention of killinganyone.

Adyertjsim:

Martin WhiteJan Bergstrom

Paul Valin

Calendar

Grover

Within the Soviet Union, there is newturmoil in several of their provinces . TheSoviet government must be encouraged towait out these problems, because Lhey canbe made to look .Iike the consequence ofthe new freedom . Many of Lhe Old Guard Jorge Serradorwill try to use this turmoil to tum back Walton Chanthe clock.

We must now hold out hope and look Ray Whitefor ways to help the Chinese people Ken Whatmoughachieve their freedom.

Wemust also ohn Venincontinue to try to P U I e

African regime, which has recently s tar ted .to look less hard -line, to allow their blackpopulations equality. Here in Canada , wemu st negotiate reasonable settlementswith the first nations, who have treatiesthat we must continue to follow, orrenegotiate.

While the composition of the worldtoday appears better that i t ha s at any limesi nce the end of the second world war, wemust con tinu e to strive to make it belter .This respo nsibi lit y lies with us all. Itespecia ll y lies with u s, the newgeneration. We shall graduate and becomea active worthwhile parl of this newimproved world . We must use our

abilities to maintain this rate ofimprovement. We must , as this get >better, also transform much of the energyand resources being used 10 create freedomto creating a better environment

By no means is this The End ofHistory , but it seems to be a very majorturning point. We mu s t ensure that wepivot into the right dircction, not turnright back towards the old sta tus.

PhotQ&raphers

Warren D'SouzaKatherine Koszarny

Layout

Linda HacheyJolln KingdonJonatbon Lee

Stacey FlynnDaveStampeStu CarmichaelLaurie Litwack

Distribution

K 1 8

Mega-thanks to all

Page 3


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Page 4 Iron Warrior

Concerning Course Critiquesteaching. However, the current coursecritique and the method of administering itfall far short 'of the mark. Let meelaborate.

When I read Ted Timar's comments .(Iron Warrior editorial, October 6, 1989),I,like Professor Robinson, was moved towrite a reply. But, unlike ProfessorRobinson, I decided not to. But the openletter to Professor Robinson (Iron Warrior,November 3, 1989) from Name WithheldUpon Request requires a response.

To begin with, [ agree entirely with thespirit of Professor Robinson's letter. Myonly criticism is that he did not discussissues of measurability. I have just

received a copy of a memo from DeanLennox and Engineering Society B thatsays, in part, "As you are aware , feedbackfrom the students regarding the quality ofteaching and the courses in general istaken very seriously . The course critiquesare an excellent method of obtainingpotentially useful information ." From myexperience here, I bel ieve the firststatement to be true and the last statementto be wishful thinking. Yes, constructi vefeedback would be helpful in improving

It is essentially true that the responserate on a course evaluation in less than50% of the class and an even smallerpercentage of students take the time tosubmit written comments (which are farmore valuable than the questionnaire).Why is the response rate so low if thestudents are so interested in fosteringimprovements in the quality of teaching?

The set of questions which form thecourse critique used by the EngineeringSocieties is, in the context ofquestionnaire design, totally flawed. Theydo not observe any of the rules for seuingout a questionnaire that seeks useful

November 17, 1989

information. There is a very large body ofliterature on how to design surveys andquestionnaires, none of which seems tohave been consulted by the designers ofthe current survey.

The current survey seeks to measurethings that the instructor has little or nocontrol over (eg. "Rate ... yQjJ ability tounderstand his/her English." and "DescribeY.Qj [ Professor-class relationship." also"What was your impression of yourProfessor's attitude towards teaching .... .The current survey makes no attempt tocheck for consistency of the responseswith a questionnaire and there is noallempt to determine the validity of theresponse. For example, a response from astudent who attended only 10% of thelectures and none of the tutorials ist ------------------------------------------------ . , weighted the same as a response from a

FastDeliver

Last Wordsby John VeJlinga

The PrezThis is it. The last prez spews I will

ever write. In only a few short weeks, Iwill be in the enviable position ofPresident Emeritus.

Looking back on the last sixteenmonths, it is hard to believe that my tennis over. It is fun to look back on theaccomplishments and challenges oursociety faced during that time and reflecton how we, as a team, met them.

As I put my fcct up and think, I feelconfident that we do not leave the sameorganization that we inherited. Eng Sochas continued its dizzying rate ofexpansion into new and exciting areas, andthis expansion will only continue as we

take on the ominous task of fund raising.r fee l good ab o ut th e pos iti on of oursociety in the university, the faculty andthe community. We have shown that it ispossible to be a responsible university andcommunity citizen while maintainingmany of the crazy eng . neering traditionswe all enjoy. A Soc-B Soc relations havenever been belter.

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While all of these things are nice tothink about, it is really the people that Ihave met and the experience that I havehad while in Eng Soc that are mostimportant. The -accomplishments I listedabove arc theirs and I feel privileged tohave worked and partied with them. I havemet more students in my role of president

than I could ever have hoped to meetotherwise, another privilege indeed. r eavewith a wealth of new experience andmemories which I will carry with me aslong as I live.

To those of you consideringinvolvement with Eng Soc in the future,let me leave you with some advice. A

: friend reminded me of the old campingadage of leaving your campsite cleanerthan when you found il . That is how oneshould feel about everything, includingEng Soc. Granted, involvement withstudent government does look good on aresume, but tha t is no reason to beinvolved. ,Be there to do somethingmeaningful, both to you and your society.

We have a terrific student body and a

great student soeiety Lets continue tomake it better. Eng Soc is so important tous all. We owe it to ourselves and ourcolleagues, past, present and future, toleave it clcaner than when we found it.

E Wasby Michelle Chin

4A Chemical

It was like frosh week all over again ..October 3, '89, marked the beginning

of a very special event for Chemical

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student with 100% attendance.In terms of making suggestions for the

improvements of the course evaluationprocess, I, and seventy other Professors inthe Fall Term of 1987, responded, atlength, to a request from the EngineeringCounselling Office for suggestions onhow to improve the Engineering Society

Course Critiques. The results of thissurvey were discussed at the EngineeringFaculty Council on December 7, 1987;none of the Engineering Society memberswere in attendance . A summary of theresponses sent to Engineering Counselingwas circulated with the minutes of themeeting and it seems that during the last23 months, the Engineering Societieshave bee unable to respond to thesuggestions made in that summary.

Finally, I wish to re-emphasize thepoint that course critiques do not andcannot help Professors learn how to tcach,for, as Professor Robinson said, "Tryingto adapt your tcaching style based on suchflimsy evidence is like trying to improveyou singing by listening to the audience

applause."Sincerely,G.R. HepplerAssistant Professor

A Success

Engineers all over Canada. The 39thannual Canadian Chemical EngineeringConference was held in Hamilton,Ontario.

We met many of the people who willshape the future of Chemical Engineeringin Canada. Students from Waterloo,McMaster, Toronto, Western, EcolePolyteehnique, Laval, Queens, Calgaryand Alberta were among the 300 studentsattending. Despite the diversity of thisgroup, it was a very special moment whenwe sang, in unison, the Plummer's Hymnat the Main Reception.

Waterloo, in conjunction withMcMaster, organized the student portionof the confer ence program. Sessions onthe paths notable chemical engineers took"after the Ring" provided insights intocareer choices and the future of ChemicalEngineering. Something you just can'tget from doing assignments all the time.Workshops on job hunting andcommunication skills also prepared us forthe inevitable: graduation.

On the lighter side, we c onverged uponMcMaster UniversiLY for an evening ofpubbing at The Downstairs John. Wealso took tours of the Darlington NuclearGenerating Station, Andres Winery,Proctor and Gamble, and Dofasco.

Watcrloo was fortunate in reeciving aMerit Award for its student chapter of theCSChe for 1989.

We would like to thank all of oursupporters, namely Proctor and Gamble,GE Plastics, Combustion Enginccring,the Department of Chemical Engineering,the Faculty of Engineering, Eng Soc, andall who ate our hamburgers


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November 17, 1989 Iron Warrior Page 5

Engineering Through the Agestoilet, coal -gas lighting, telcgraph,Babbage calculating machine (precursor tothe computer), and steam engines fortrains and ships.

by Andrea Zypchen4A Systems Design

An understanding of the history of the

engineering profession allows engineers toput their present place in society intoperspective, and thus build professionalresponsibility. Currently, engineeri ngstudents are not given the opportunity tolearn the history of engineering and itsrelationship with society. Following is abrief history of how craft evolved intoscience and engineering. Although farfrom complete, hopefully it will piqueyour interest and spark discussion.

Around 8000 BC, man made a gradualshi f t from hunter /gatherer tofanner/shepherd. The need for somethingto store excess grain initiated the craft ofmaking clay potS, and thus craftsmenemerged. Other crafts that developed

the word ingeniator wasused jor a man whooperated a device o j war

included techniques of milling grain,irrigation, spinning and weaving. Withthe Bronze Age (3500 BC), the formationof cities and towns began and labourbecame specialized. Specific trades evolvedconcerned with surveying and buildingcanals and darns.

Properties of numbers and theclassification of phenomena, the basis ofscience and math, emerged around 1000BC. In the next 700 years, the Greeksmade a wealth of inventions using gearsand water wheels (which could grind 700

times as much com per day than a slave ).Roman engineers designed and plannedprojects such as tremendous roads,aqueducts and bridges. They were the firstengineers to gain societal recognition and

to be actively encouraged.By 100 BC, craft evolved into

technics , which means rules of thumbwere written down. These rules had notheoretical backing and there was noquestioning of why things happened.

The first use of the word ing nium(later to become engineer) was around 200AD to describe a type of baltering ramused in attacks on walled defenses. By the1400's, the word ingenialor was used for aman who operated such a device of war.

Science was born around the 1400'swith the separation of theology andphilosophy (the precursor to science).Between 1400 and 1600, rapid scientificprogress occurred due to the followingfactors: a liberal and less powerful papacycaused by the reformation, a system offree scholars supported by patrons, andmass publication made possible byGutenburg s printing press (1454).Voyages to the New World opened men'sminds and brought wealth. The scientificmethod began 10 be investigated by Baconand Galileo.

Although at first the efforts to presentdiscoveries of Nature's laws were met with

' opposition, slowly more freedom wasallowed. The new concept of testing toevaluate a hypothesis replaced the previousidea of establishing a principle solely byargument. Developmen ts included theefficient smelting of iron, the beginningof the science of optics and chemistry,

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Page 6 Iron Warrior November 17, 1989

The Waterloo Engineering Endowmentby John Vellinga

4A Systems Design

Lets all wake up and smell the coffee.

Two issues ago , I wrote an article inthe Iron Warrior outlining the idea of anendowment. The underfunding crisis inengineering is critical. The facts arcstaggering. Ontario has the second worstrecord in the country for post secondaryeducation funding. We have all seen howbad the labs arc getting, how crowded classrooms are, and how the quality of oureducation is eroding rapidly.

We can not rely on the government tofix the situation . They're far too shortsighted to realize that education, especiallytechnical education, holds the key toOntario's future wealth and well -being.

We are not so short sighted.

Both Engineering Society A and Bhave embarked upon an initiative whichmay save the quality of our education.With overwhelming support from alumniand the Dean, our student society hasplanned the establishment of a permanentendowment to fund the undergraduateengineering programs at Waterloo.

What is an Endowment ?

An endowment consists of a portfolioof investments . The principal of theinvestments is never touched, but isallowed to accumulate and grow year afteryear. The interest from the investments ispumped into equipment and othe r areas ofconcern for undergraduate engineerin gstudents.

A Gift That Keeps On Giving.

Because the principle of the endowmentis never touched, the endowment paysevery year, rain or shine , recession orboom. An endowment is an investmentin the future value of our own degrees.

Princeton is Rich on itst :ndowments.

Princeton University has endowmentstotalling over $2.8 BILLION The intereston these investments alone would be morethan double the entire annual UW budget.Princeton is about the size of Laurier.

It is not surprtSlOg that such aseemingly small university is anything

but smallin

stature and reputation. Theendowment fund was generated only fromvery large donations to the university,currently $25,000 or more. Any lesserdonations were used immediately. Thegenerosity of the alumni is staggering, butwhen one stops to think how much adegree from Princeton is worth thegenerosity seems quite justified . '

Where Will ur Money ComeF r o m ?

The money for the WaterlooEngineering Endowment will come fromthe three biggest beneficiaries of a highquality engineering education:

Undergraduate studcotsAlumniEmployers of graduates and co-opstudents

The money will be generated fromthese three groups of people through thefollowing mechanisms:

The Voluntary Student Contribution (YSC), a $75 per term voluntarystudent fcc, which will be voted on in astudent referendum;

The Plummer s Pledge, aprogram started last year by the GraduationCommittee, which asks graduatingstudents to pledge money to the faculty ofengineering for three years;

The Employer Matching Contri

bution (EMC), a program in which co-opand full time employers are asked to matchthe contributions of their employees.

Who Says Where the MoneyGoes?

We do. Period. The endowmentadministration will be organized in such away that undergraduate students haveulLima\.C control over any funding decisionmade with endowment money .

The Waterloo Engineering Endowment will allocate funds to departmentsbased loosely on enrolment, but will do sowith planning periods of five years ormore to allow departments to take onlong-term, meaningful projects.

The structure of the fund is organizedinto three governing bodies (see figure 1 .The Board of Directors will set the tone of

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Dean of Engineering Treasurers of Eng Soc A and B The Dean s Alumni Affairs Assistant 2 alumni representatives Presidents of Eng Soc A and B 2 industrial representatives

STEERING COMMITTEE Department chairmen Endowment irectors from Eng Soc

a n ~B

1 student from each department Associate Dean (Undergraduate)

A graduate student (UW undergrad)

FUNDING COUNCIL One elected student representative from each class Chaired by the on-term Endowment Director

Council must ratify any funding decision made by the steering committee

FIGURE 1: Organization of Waterloo Engineering Endowment

the organization while setting policy toensure the equitable distribution of funds.

The Steering Committee will make thereal decisions as to exactly whichprograms will be funded. The Funding

o ~ n ~ i lratifies any funding or policydeelslon made by either the Board ofDirectors or the Steering Committee.

How Much Money Can BeMade?

The growth of the endowment has beenprojected for the next ten years. Thefigures shown in figure 2 are veryconservative. The estimates were based ona return of only 12% and a participation ofonly 70% and 75% in the Plummer'sPledge and VSC respectively.

This is a lot of money. In effect, in

only a few years the endowment willdouble the current amount of moneyavailable for equipment

Why Now, Why Us?

If we don't start thinking about thefuture NOW, it will be too late. Atpresent rate of funding, it will take 100years just to get equipment up to currentstandards. By that time, our equipmentwill be as much as 100 years old

Princeton is well known as a fineuniversity because it has the money totrain and turn out top notch graduates.Waterloo has an excellent reputation now,but funding has dwindled to such a pointthat the quality of future graduates will benowhere near as high as it is today. Thedegrees of Waterloo engineers are worth alot because of the quality of past andpresent graduates and co-op students.

By setting up the WaterlooEngineering Endowment, we are makingan investment in the quality of futuregraduates, and therefore the future worth ofour own degrees.

YEAR PLEDGE VSC EMC FUND INTEREST

1990 $33,000 $108,000 $200,000 $341,000 $40,9201991 $85,000 $274,000 $200,000 $900,000 $108,0001992 $137,000 $274,000 $200,000 $1,511,000 $181,3201993 $156,000 $274,000 $200,000 $2,141,000 $242,760

2000 $156,000 $274,000 $200,000 $6,551,000 $786,120

FIGURE : Endowment Growth

New EngSoc Exec,

and Referendum

by John KingdonChief Returning Officer

Due to low turnout of candidates, theentire Engineering Society 'B' executivefor the term of office from Winter 1990 to

Winter 1991 has been elected byacclamation. The following are the newexec:

PresidentVice PresidentTreasurerSecretary

Jorge SerradorAJ. BaxterSean MurphyJanice Woods

However, the Tuesday, November 21vote win still take place, in order toaccommodate the following referendum,approved unanimously be the EngineeringSociety Students' Council on October 31,1989. All undergraduate members ofEngineering Society 'B' are eligible tovote by presenting their student card at thepolling station in the CPH foyer between

8:30 am and 4:3 0 pm.

WATERLOO ENGINEERING ENOOWMENT

VOLUNTARY STUDENT CONTRIBUTION REFERENDUM

I support the inclusion of the WaterlooEngineering Endowment VoluntaryStudent Contribution (VSC) of $75 perterm on the university fee statement,subject to the following conditions:

50 per cent plus one vote (a simplemajority) of ballots from both the '

Engineering Society A and B referendumsis required to approve the inclusion of theVSC on the university fee statement

The fee is fully refundable aecordingto the University of Waterloo's policy on

incidental fees All proceeds generated by the VSCwill be placed into the WaterlooEngineering Endowment

The fee will not be put into placeuntil such time as the universityadministration provides, in writing, anindefinite guarantee that the universitywill not adjust its funding or fundingpolicy toward engineering undergraduateeducation in response to the VSC or anyother funds generated by the WaterlooEngineering Endowment

The structure of the fund will besuch that the undergraduate engineeringstudent body will have ultimate controlover the money by requiring theratification of any funding decision by astudents' council

YES: I support the inclusion of theVoluntary Student Contribution (VSC) onthe university fee statement.

NO: I do not support the inclusion ofthe VSC on the university fee statement.

For further information about theWaterloo Engineering Endowment or theVoluntary Student Contribution, pleasecontact John Vellinga or Avi Belinsky atthe Engineering Society Office (CPH1327, X2323).


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November 17, 1989

The Voluntary Student Contribution

by John Vellinga4A Systems Design

I know what you're thinking already .Oh no. not anot her bloody fee And whyis Eng Soc running around initiating it?

This is no ordinary irritating fee ortuition hike. This is money that goesdirectly into undergraduate engineeringeducation at Waterloo. Not only will themoney work for us today. it will continueto work in the future. because our moneywill become a part of the WaterlooEngineering Endowment

Currently. our tuition and manyincidental fees go into the larger universitybudget. Only a small proportion of thesefunds actually make it into programswhich directly benefit the quality of oureducations. The money finds its way intosalaries for custodians. upkeep onbuildings and roads, etc.

h is hard to imagine the universitywithout custodians. These and otherexpenditures are obviously indispensable.The problem is that the university is sounderfunded that it has little money leftover to spend on lab equipment and otherenhancements to undergraduate engineeringeducation. Nearly all of the equipment wenow get is either purchased with alumni

dollars or scratched out of the Dean'smeagre equipment budget

The Engineering Society will beholding a referendum seeking approvalfrom students to include a 75 voluntaryfee on the university fee statement (see thereferendum on facing page). This fee isfully refundable to any student who doesnot wish to chip in. The fee will be calledthe Voluntary Student Contribution(VSC).

We Are Not Alone.

About three years ago. U of Tengineers voted in a $100 fee. Over 80%of the students voted in favour, and thatfee was not voluntary in the same sensethat ours will be. Just over two weeksago, Queen's engineers voted 94% infavour of a 50 voluntary fee.

These fees and ours share one thing incommon. All of the money is controlledby students. and all of the money goesinto lab equipment and otherenhancements to the quality of oureducations.

What sets the VSC apart from otherfees is the Waterloo EngineeringEndowment. The VSC becomes part of along term solution, rather than a quick flX.

You may be asking yourself, "whyshould I give more money to the

university when I already give so muchalready and don't feel like I'm getting mymoney's worth". he following illustratesthe advantages of contributing through theVSC.

Why Vote Yes?

If you think that you aren't gettingyour money's worth, then think again. Weonly pay for about one sixth of the actualcost of our education. For just over$8,000 in tuition and fees, we are virtuallyguaranteed a good job and lifestyle.Waterloo enginecrs enjoy particularly highesteem and command larger salariesbecause of the quality of the education wereeeive here. Ask any alumni or employerof our graduates and they will tell youhow much it means to toil it out for fiveyears.

Not only are we paying very little forour educations, we are paying much lessthan ever before. The cost of tuition hasdeereased 30% in real terms since 1967(from 500 to 350 in 1967 constantdollars). If inflation were actually takeninto account, our tuition would be $500higher than current levels. In 1961, 7% offamily income was allocated to tuitionfees. That number is only 3% today.

The 75 fee goes directly into the

unding ssuesA key issue of University funding is

"What is a fact?". "What is fiction?","What are the implications?"

We hear 0 much about it that it isdifficult not to just 'tum off or respondwith indifference and say "so what".

I am also well aware of the fact thatmy arguments may appear self servingsince I am in the business of education,but I am willing to risk that. I believethat the situation of inadequate funding isfast creating a third rate system at a timewhen nearly every study relating toCanada's economic survival in the futureclearly defines a need for more welleducated human resources, especially inthe science and engineering fields. I canquote ad infinitum from Science Councilreports, NSERC reports, governmentreports, etc.

Dr. Tom Brzustowski, Deputy

Minister of colleges and Universities (andex-mechanical engineering professor atUW), is on record as follows: I contendthat one global object of post-secondaryeducation in Ontario must necessarily be agreater capability of the people of Ontarioto create wealth .. We must exportproducts in which our knowledge and ourskills provide the value added, and wemust also use our ingenuity to developnew services which we can offer in tradeon the world market. Our educationalsystem will not be serving us well if thepeople of Ontario fail to grow in thecollective ability to accomplish theseends."

Everyone seems to be on record asidentifying an absolute need to invest inhigher education as the cornerstone to ourfuture. The problem is that he track recordof doing anything abou t it is abysmal. Infact, it is alarming. We are wellpositioned to lose the future.

What is more frustrating to me is thatWaterloo engineering has achieved a wellearned position of prominence in Canadain terms of both research and engineeringeducation. You are in the middle of it. Iknow it may not be so obvio us to you. Itis, however, obvious to the large numberof visitors we have who always want toreview our education system. Also, it was

by Dean Lennoxacknowledged in our recent accreditationreview .

These are the facts:- Last year, in an unprecedented move,

the Ontario Federation of Studentspresented a detailed account of the effectsunderfunding is having of the quality oftheir education . I believe it was welldone. t deserved a response; none wasgiven.

- You should be aware of the fact thatthe Federal government providessubstantial funds for post secondaryeducation in Canada . The monies arcpassed to provincial governments underThe Established Program Fundingarrangement. It is complicated, but itprovides funds for hospitals, socialservices and post secondary education . Atthe present, there is a dispute between thefederal and provincial governmentsregarding this formula and we seem to befalling in the crack. Ontario has clearlynot passed on the dollars it receives fromthe Federal Government. This is weIldocumented.

- In terms of 1972 doHars, total perstudent funding has decreased by about30%.

tud nt-faculty ratio have in rca edby 25%.

- Enrollments are now 60% higherthan in the early 1970's.

lave I got your attention?- U.S. public universities arc funded

37% more on a per-student hasis(accouming for the eXChange rat ' ) .Michigan is 57% more and California is90% more. (Michigan's in -s tatc fcc wus$US 2501 in 1986).

- Ontario's government expendi tureshave increased at a rate one third faslerthan its grants to univer sities.

- O nt ar io ranks ninth (out of ten) interms of provincial grant support perstudent.

Where does the money go? Theattached figures give some idea. Heahhcare and hospital arc expensive andcommand more and more of the publicpurse. This is understandable.

- In terms of tuition fccs (again using1972 as a base), the fees have actualIydeereased by about 30%1

- Ontario's University buildings havebeen depreciating much faster than they arcbeing renovated or replaced. So much so,that in 1988 the value of capital formation

OPERATING GRANTS TO UNIVERSITIES PER FTE STUDENT1977-78101988-89

10 000(ConSlant 1988 -89 Dollars)

9.0CI0

tt 000

JI

'000

I __ ~ __ : : ~ = = = C = = ~ = = ~ ~I''''''Ul t 7 . 9 19 .0 . o l t S I l l ,'1) 1J14 ~ . ~ '''''J &totl . . . . . . .,..,

Page 7

programs which benefit our education. Toachieve the same results, a tuition hike ofwell over $300 per term would be required

The VSC is completely voluntary.Any student wbo does not want to chip incan get a full refund. In a sense a vote of"yes" in the referendum is a vote to givestudents the choice of giving.

Because the VSC is a contribution tothe Waterloo Engineering Endowment, acharitable organization, it will be tax

deductible.

Everything Hinges on theVSC

The VSC shows that undergraduatestudents are making a commitment to thequality of theit own educations. This willhave an effect on the generosity of ouralumni and industry donors.

The President of U of T's Eng Soc toldme that after alumni heard that studentshad imposed a fee upon themselves, theirdonations nearly tripled The alumni feltthat the demonstration of desperationindicated the gravity of the situation. Theyadmired the fact that students took theinitiative to solve the problem in adecisive manner, something engineers arerenowned for.

If the VSC referendum is not passed,the Engineering Society will drop allplans to establish ' the WaterlooEngineering Endowment, because we can'task alumni and industry to help us whenwe aren't doing anything to helpourselves.

It's time to stop complaining and startdoing something. The VSC is acommitment to the present and futurevalue of our own degrees.

of fixed assets exceeded the value ofdepreciation. What that means is that wecan't keep up with the mruntenance needsfor the buildings.

Closer to home, what does all thismcan for engineering? The most difficultissue is the modernization of ourlaboratories and computing facilities. TIleintroduction of tht' microchip has viJ1uullyrevolutionized nginccring practic unden rinccring education. Work wtions ar' anatural evo lution from s lide rules. Theseworkstations arc now the (oOls of amodem engineer. The ability to simulatecomplex designs. to investigate allCmativedesigns, to take into account economic andenvironmental factors is now at ourfingert ips. In my view, it is a virlualrevolution in eng ineering education. The

only difficulty j that it is damnedex pen ive. We have a t.Caching inventoryof nearly $20.000,000. We now have anequipment budget of $200,000. At thisrate, we can repl ace it in 100 years.

Government is not the only source offunds. Business, individuals and. perhaps,students should help shoulder thisresponsibility. We do gel gifts fromindustry (eg. the Beacon lab). Alumnihave contributed $1.1 million in recentyears. All of it is targeted to teachingequipment. Several years ago, wecolleeted $50/term from each student interms of the computer enhancement fee.This was spent entirely on engineeringteaching labs ( 442,000) and, quitefrankly, made an incredible difference toour facilities. t also indirectly lifted thespirits of the facuIty who were, and are,frustrated with our inability to modernize.This et.;uipmcnt problem is experienced byall engineering schools.

The issues are well identified . Deansof Engineering, Engineering IndustrialAdvisory CouncilS, and Industry itselfhave made submissions to government ofthe magnitude and seriousness of theissue, The case of the equipment needshas been well made - but me are stlllwailing. I can assure you that this is stilla very active issue.


8/12

Page 8 ron Warrior November 17 1989

r a ~ h i cServicesannounces

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Full olour opyingNow available

Copy Centre - Dana Porter rts LibraryRoom 218 - Phone 2956

Offset PrintingGraphic Services, hours 8:00 am -4:30 pm .

Photocopying We serve at 7 per copy FST

included), discount on volumecopying. Collating, stapling and avariety of paper colours available atno extra cost available at thelocations listed below)

Self serve copying at 5 per copyavailable in the libraries and

various locations on campus) Venda card copiers are located in

the Dana Porter and Davis CentreLibraries

Copy Centre LocationsDana Porter Library - LIB218,

ext. 2956Math Centre - MC 51 04A, ext. 2335Engineering - E2 2353, ext. 2334 .Arts Centre - HH 370, ext. 2336Davis Centre Library - DC 1501 ,

ext. 3878

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For more information abouttypesetting, call ext. 3540.

General information, call ext. 3451.

General Services Complex


9/12

November 17, 1989 ron Warrior Page 9

Workstations esigned for Engineersby ay White

4A Mechanical (A Soc)

Are Engineering students of theUniversity of Waterloo c omputer literate?Well, it depends upon what one means by"computer literate". Literacy at its textualroot refers to the ability to read and write.A literate person, though, is often thoughtto be one who has used this basic abilityto sample a variety of materials, buildingup a wealth of knowledge in a generalsense.

So, given a broader definition ofliteracy -- that of a wealth of non-specificknowledge -- are these students computerliterate? Until the Fall of 1988 I wouldsay that most undergrads are at leastfunctionally literate -- at the read and writestage -- however, they have been limitedin the types of computers and operating

systems on which they have hadexperience.

Until recently, UW Engineeringundergrads have had access to many

computers, mostly of the IBM/PC or PCclone variety. This isn't a disadvantagesince industry uses the IBM/pC as auniversal workhorse, but these machinesare not necessarily indicative of thecomputers used in engineering researchenvironments. In this environment, thecomputers almost universally used areengineering workstations. Large graphicsterminals, multi-tasking operatingsystems, interconnections betweenworkstations for sharing resources,computing power, programs, mail,etc. ,are the hallmarks of this particular breed ofmachine.

Project BEACON was conceived as alaboratory which could be used tointroduce this workstation technology tothe undergraduates, while at the same timeproviding a powerful, modem platform forthe presentation of new teaching softwareand established engineering packages alike.Through a joint agreement with theDigital E quipment Corporation of Canada,Engineering Computing and theEngineering Education Research Centrehave acquired engineering workstations forundergraduate use, specifically fifteenV AXstation -2000's. Thus arrived theequipment for the BEACON Laboratory.

However, the planning did not end atthis point. Computin g laboratories arenot just hardware, anymore than books arejust words. The lab environment is asimportant as its contents. Tables werede igned and ub e uenli built b: theengineering machine shop, carpeting (inan easy-care muted tone) was installed,lighting was altered to reduce glare,acoustic insulation was added and manyother deficiencies of the room were

' improved. A card-activated security system

allows 24 hour acc for tudents.Initially, the u e of the e powerful

workstations has been limited to certaincourse and software packages. Currently,the laboratory is used for circuit

simulation, image proces ing, solidmodeling, finite clement analy i ,numerical control of machine tools andystem simulation. In fact, the BEACON

lab may find a use anywhere that oftwarc

can provide a greater insight into anengineering concept. As this softwarebecomes available, more courses will beadded and more students in Engineeringwill use the laboratory. When this

happens , UW undergrads will build uptheir general knowledge of computers asthey further their cngineering educationand continue Waterloo'S tradition ofhighly computer-literate graduates.

ngSoc Wants You

by Jorge Serrador2B Systems Design

It's that time of year again when thetrees look bare and dead, the cold northwind blows across the campus, the smellof finals are in the air and life is ju st not awhole lot of fun.

Well, get those depressing thoughts offinals off your mind and think of the funand sun you would have in the summer of'90 as an Eng Soc Director. Applicationswill be available for all positions startingat 9:00 am on Monday, November 20thand ending at 3:30 pm on Friday,November 24th. We're looking foranyone interested in any of the followingpositions.

2nd VP Activities2nd VP CommunicationsSpeakerQ

Chari ties DirectorCourse CritiquesSAC ChairmanUnWant Ads DirectorEndowment Director

C&D ManagerComputing DirectorGarage ManagerNovelties Director

Orifice DirectorRecycling DirectorAthletics DirectorDebates DirectorP**5 DirectorPOETS ManagersSemi-Formal DirectorSocial DirectorSpecial EventsArts Director

. EngincwslctterIW EditorsIW Layout ManagerIW Typesetting ManagerIW Photo ManagerIW Ad"ertising DirectorsPhoto DirectorPublicity

Take

Jf ..ou have any questions about whatthese directorships entail or -would justlike to ask some questions about Eng Socand being a director fccl free to stop by theOrifice Imd ask.

an Was eant To Flyby Ken Whatmough3B Computer

Hanging over the airfield, where I sit in

my glider and run through preflightchecks, is a flat-bottomed cumulus -- agood indicator of rising air . My glider is .hooked up to the tow plane before the twoof us take off into the cloud-scattered bluesky.

At 600 metres above the ground, Inotice the voltmeter indicates rising air asI release the tow rope and begin spirallingin the "thermal". "This is the best way 10experience flight ", I think to myself.

After going seve ral hundreds of metres,I decide to head for that promisingc u m u l u ~ V ' ' \ : . ' . ' ; . n 1 ( But when I arrive underthe c 1 0 0 ~ JJs.1 nothing but sinking airLessor l ve know a good thing -- anddon't' " El

Md El/eUC44 gliding clubs in Canada

(20 "C:J

010111 are in Ontario) offerintroductory flights for anyone interested,usually on weekends and holiday fromApril to November. In the off-season,most clubs also offer ground school,which teaches the basics of safety,weather, glider dynamics, and groundoperations.

Learning to fly is challenging andrequires time, but the personal satisfactionis well worth it The major milestone ingelling a glider pilot's licence is thestudent's first solo. After about 20 soloflights, one must pass a Department ofTransport (DoT) written exam and a nyin g

exam as administered by the club's chiefflight instructor.

Many glider pilots enjoy weekendflying at clubs that provide gliders, towplanes, and instruction. Such clubsusually charge an annual membership fee,plus a rental fee for using the club'sgliders. The club where I learned to fly,Erin Soaring Socicty (ESS) located ncarOrangeville, offers full-time students a50% discount off the annual membershipfcc All the instructors at ESS are DoTqualified and volunteers. I found thatlhesport of gliding costs more in terms of

On the west coast, however , wheremountain ridges deflect winds upward,gliders can rcach incredible ahiludes inuch "wave" air currents. The world

altitude record i. over 14,000 metres Thepilot needs an oxygen supply at thatheight. As well, Air Traffic Controlnotifies any other traffic ncar the areaoccupied by the glider.

Owning a glider is out of the financialreach of most students. Used traininggliders may cost as lillie as $5000, whilestate-of-the-art sailplanes boasting 46: 1glide ratios and carbon fibre wings may

cost over $50,OOO Also


10/12

Page 10 Iron Warrior

The

e Volutionary

Scuntby Walton Chan4A Electrical

It was the Last Scunt of the D ecade, athrilling , incredible, ReVolutionary Scuntto end all Scunts On Friday , Nov . 10,twelve brave team s gathered to test theirmettle in the great Re VOLT HavengerScunt , and it turned out to be a night toremember for everyone involved.

With lists for Toronto, Ottawa, Sl.Catha rines, Sutton, KW and the GravelRun, plus hundreds of items and triviaquestions and brain -teasers, the Scunt wasa formidable challenge . There were clueson video and audio tape, clues oncomputer disk, clues that had to be boughtand bribed for, services to perform,Biggest and Best things to prepare, peopleto kidnap, and much, much more .

In Toronto, scunters staged a DiniPetty protest ou tside CITY-TV andperformed street busker acts outside theEaton Centre. In Ottawa, they had to singthe Plummers' Hymn in the Rideaumarket, protest in front of ParliamentHill, and visit the redneck Lafayette

dressed in drag. Back here in Waterloo theyhad to visit the home of Re VOL T'sfavourite prof, Prof. Van Heeswijk, andregale him with poetry and song, and later .perform a Monty Python skit in the CC.Throughout the night, teams also had tovisit the headquarters of the ReVOLTScunt Gods, bringing offerings of pizzaand wings and beer, clean the bathrooms,wash the dishes, do our laundry, iron Bill'sshirts, and do whatever else we felUike atthe time.

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The individual team HQs were alsovisited by various Gods during the night,and the hospitality and subservienceshown them by all the teams were muchappreciated.

Saturday morning, after 24 sleeplesshours, was the Judging. Teams stumbledinto the graphics lab, laden with trash andtreasure beyond imagination. Whippingtheir spirits into a frenzy, they yelled andscreamed and chanted, improvis ing andjust doing crazy things in general. With somany teams - an Eng Soc record - in theScunt, judging would've been a nightmare

whipping their spiritsinto a frenzy, they yelledand screamed and chanted

without the hard work of the judges andthe cooperation of the teams. Especiallymemorable were the Chemmunist Party'sMonty Python Cream -Pic skit and theOhm Rangers ' l{emembrance Day Service.In the end , even with a spreadsheetprogram, it took until 12:30 before thefinal scores were tallied, the winnersannounced, and everybody could go home

November 17, 1989

At the end of it all, the ReVOLT ScuntGods would just like to thank andcongratulate all the teams who came out,especially the Frosh. The sheer energy andenthusiasm you showed wasoverwhelming and demonstrated onceagain the Engineering spirit at Waterloo.We would also like to give our heartfeltappreciation to three of the Scunt Gods inparticular, Ed Kress, Danny Lee, andespecialJy the amazing Brian CappelJanifor their indefatigable efforts in makingeverything possible. Guys, take a bow fora fabulous job

The Final Standings in the ReVOLT

Havenger Scunt

I. Ohm Rangers (2B EE)2. MOIST (2B SD)3. Civivors (2B Civ)4. SMURFS (Mathies)5. Indecent Mcchsposure (2A Mech)6. Chemmunist Party (IA Chern)

The other great Scunters, in alphabeticalorder, were:

Brew '92 (2B Chern )Chern Waste AlumniCirchemcision (2A Chern)Kl - K8 (10 Carlcss Frosh)Psycho-Frosh (K9 - K16)The Dammed

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11/12

November 17, 1989 I ron Warrior Page

The Skating evolution In Skiingby Steve Paradine

2B SystemsThe questions now arises: Why did this

technique, which has been proven to befaster, and has existed since people put onskis, enter the racing world only in 1982?The real reason lies with technology.People have skated over frozen crust, butto skate along trails the snow would hav eto be packed down to form a solid snowlayer, as skating tl1rough deep snowrequires too much effort and themomentum cannot be maintained. Onlyrecently, with the cost-effective use ofsnowmobiles and more advanced groomingvehicles, could the trails be packed wideenough, hard enough and smooth enoughto accommodate skating.

There are a number of principles ofmotion which apply to all forms ofmotion and more specifically, in thi s case,to traditional and skating. For one cycleof motion, the same basic steps occur.These are in order: preload, push, weightshift, glide, and then the cycle restarts. Inthe preload phase as many muscles arecontracted as possible

forthe desired

motion. When the push or force phaseoccurs, these muscles arc all extended,with the largest muscles extending first.The kinetic energy from the force phase istransferred to a different direction, and thenthe skier glides on the ski and relaxes their

In 1982 an American, Bill Koch, won muscles. When the speed slows downthe World Championships of cross- below a desired level the skier will repeatcountry skiing with a revolutionary the cycle.technique, which comprised of keeping To illustrate this concept the diagonalone ski in the track and the other ski stride technique will be examined. Withpushing off to the side with an the body weight fully on one ski, theapproximately 20 degree angle. The two muscles are contracted in the preloadpictures illustrate the skating technique (of phase. Force is then exerted, starting withuphill one-Skating), pushing off to the the larger muscles of leg, the back,sides with no track, and the clas sical or shoulders and stomach. The smallertradition a l tec hnique (of diagonal stride) muscles of the leg and the arms are

- where the skis remain in the track. extended to complete the push phase.Skating s not a new concept in s k i i n g i s can 6e PlcturCO as droppmg c upperit was just brought to the.1imelight of the body onto the pole, starting to push withskiing world by Bill Koch when he the leg and then fini shing off with the armperfected it. A number of European skiers (pushing the pole behind the body) andhad previously tested out this technique in fully ex tending the leg. At the time thatthe 1970's, but were in the opinion that it the sma ller muscles are exerted the skierswould tiTe the muscles too quickly to be weight is tran sferred fully to the other ski,beneficial. Skating has also bcen used to upon which he g lid es, and relaxes theturn corners, ski across ice crust and for muscles.downhill skiers to get to the lift. Skating can now be shown to be faslerHowever, before 1982, skis basically for physiolo g ical and other reasons. Theremained in the track, with a wax on th e first Teason i s becau se gr ip wax isbase of the skis to enable the skis to grip n e c ~ s s a r yin t r a d i t i f l a Jskiing, and not foron uphills skatmg. When the leg extends backward

Watpubsby Jorge Serrador

28 SystemsOnce again it's time to pull out the

track pants and put away the suit and tie asinterviews come to close. It's also time tostart looking for a place to rent and startwondering about this new city you'regoing to be living in this workterm. Isthere going to be anything to do or areyou going to end up watching Three'sCompany reruns every night

Well, why not make something to do.Start a Watpub . That's right, Watpubs arefun in cities from population 2,000 to2 ,000,000. It'll give you a chance to meetpeople and to have a great time.

My experience as Watpub directorstems from my stint in Chatham lastsummer. When I first decide d to take thejob in Chatham (pop. 45,000), I thought,

Great. I'm spending my summer inChatham. Oh joy . Oh bliss." But afterwhining for a little while, I thought whynot start up a Watpub and make my ownfun. I contacted the PEDS and, aftermeeting a little resistance, was able to getofficial Watpub status.

So I went to the coordinators in chargeof the area and got the names of the

antedcompanies that hired co-op students. Afterarriving in Chatham, I called each of thecompanies and asked to talk to one of theco-op students. I was quicldy able to get acontact at each company that would spreadthe news about the Watpubs. My Watpubnetwork was set up.

We had an organizational barbecue. Ibrought up several ideas to get people'sreactions. The end result was thatWatpubs were not just drinking affairsanymore.

Our summer Watpub schedule ended upconsisting of several bar runs, a Hawaiianbeach Watpub, horseback riding Watpub,boat cruise Watpub, hayride Watpub,Second City Play Watpub, campingWatpub, Windsor Watpub, and a poolparty Watpub. This kept me quite busyfor most of the summer since I arranged toget specials at most of these places.

The end result was that I had the bestsummer of my life and I made somefriends that I will never forget. So, thiswork term , instead of just sitting in yourstark unfurnished apartment, moaningabout being bored, go out and be all youcan be; be a W A TPUB director (Go tothe Fed office for more information.)

in diagonal stride, ideally, th ski willremain in the same place, and not lipbackward. In order for thi to occur theski has to stick to the now. In skoting,the leg and the ski both pu h off to thide. The grip wax required for traditional

slows the ski down substantiallycompared to kaling where grip wax isunnecessary

Since the ski remains in the sameplace, in the push phase of diagonal st r ide,the momentum is 1 t In skatinghowever, the momentum is carried 0 er tothe other ski much more efficiently withthe direction of motion shifting from sideto side, much like heading upwind in asailing boat. Other reasons ror the greaterspeed of skating are the usc of longerpoles and the better use of muscles, whichallow for a s tron ger and longer pushphase. All these factors along with thetechnology which is improving tr ailgrooming, point to the reason whyskating is becoming increasingly popular.

A brief look through varying terrain,for both skating and traditional will givethe reader a glimpse of the differenttechniques that arc used for ra cing. Alongflats double poling (pu shi ng with bothpoles simultaneously, with lillIe legaction), and two skate (where one doublepole is made for every two leg pushes) areused. As the grade gets steeper, doublepole with a leg kick ( e ither leg pushes atthe same time as the double pole) or oneskate (a double pole occurs at every legpush) are predominant. When the grade is

steeper diagonal stride (one arm and oneleg pushing at the same time) and uphilltwo skate, formerly ca ll ed offset (doublepole before every second leg push, whichallows the larger leg muscles to be used ata higher tempo) takes precedence. Onextremely steep uphills in classical, theracer will break into a herringbone run.On downhills there is lillie differencebetween the two techniques, excep t ongradual slopes where the skier will pushoff to either side, rather than riding in thetrack. Around comers on flats, both inskating and traditional the half ska te orm a r a t h ~ nskate (double pole and one legpu h With the other riding in the track) isquite often used .

h ~ futu re of cross-country sk iing willcontam both skating and traditional.Curre ntly in the world circuit both skatingand traditional races take place. Intraditional races, the skier is not allowedto push off her le gs off O the side,whereas in skating th e event is called

freestyle due to the fact there are nolimitations. Many ca s ua l skiers arelearning Skating, due to it's simplicity.However since there are many excel lenttr ai ts which are groome d only fortraditional, and for back-country skiing,many will continue to diagona l stride.P ~ r h a p sthe best reason that both typesWIll both remain is the different intrinsicpleasure th ey give the skier.

(Special thanks to Daile Mallory whosupplied much useful in / orma tion.)

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~ ~ ---------- ----------------------------------------Page 12 Iron Warrior

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~ 4 7 2 1 1 y

NEW EARIn MONTREAL

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4920 Dundas Street, W., Suite 300Toronto, Ontario416) 234-1686

F\eglstrlloon No 2582246

Documents

Iron Warrior: Volume 10, Issue 12