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Productivy of Broiler Chickens under Ration Supplemented withMinerals Available in AGNIHOTRA Ash

Wayan SayangYupardhi*r I Dewa Ketu T IIarya Putra**, NyomanSuparta***, Ni Wayan Tatiklnggriati'('k'rlt, & Ni Wayan Siti't,.,r,.*

Faculty of Animal Science, Udayana University, Bali

ABSTRACT

The present resesrchworkwas aimed to study the productivity of broiler chickens ofier beingraised with ration conlaining minerals avoilable in Agnihotra ash..A completely randomizeddesign was applied with 4 treatments and 4 replications consisting each of 5 day oldchicks.The treatments were as follows. Group A or control group wos chickens fed with rc|%commercial rati{tn, Group B: fedwith 100% ration + A.I% Agnihotra ash, Grutup C: fedwith10tr% ration + A.2% Agnihotra ash, and Group D: fed with 100% ration + A3% Agnihotraash.

The variables recorded and thenanalyzed at the end of experimentwerefeedconsumption,weeH-vbody weight, tmerage body weight gain, feed carwersion ratio, meatorganoleptic,bloodclinicalchemistry, hematologt, meatchemistrlt, meatphysicalquslity, ond meatcommercial cut.The presentresultsshowedthanith the exception for the lipid content of then-lnle body, all tlw vqriables assessed qs mentionedobovedid not dffirsignificantly (P >0.05). Distribution of lipid for chickens in Graup B, C, and D seemed to lower (P < 0.05)wllencompared to Group A" In addition to the above results, from statistical analyses ofincome pointofview, itwasfoundthatfinancial goinfromGroupAwas Rp.255.161.80/ 20chickens, Group B: Rp. 242.355.80/ 20 chickens, Group C: Rp. Rp. 221.662.2A/ 20 chickens,and Group D: Rp. nA.566.00/ 20 chickerc. Thus, the highest financial gain was obtsinedfrom chickens in Group A and the lawestfrom chickens in Group D.

ksed on the above results, it can be concluded that supplementation of 0.1% to 0.j?5 ofAgnilntra ash in commercial ration .fed to broiler chickens did not result in increaseprductivitv of the birds.

Kryr-ords: Agnihotra ash, broiler chickens, growth rate, corcass quahty, FCR, finoncialonalysis

INTRODUCfION

Agnihotrais an ancient Hindu ritual. This ancient ritual has been practiced in Bali during theera of King Waturenggong in the 16& century (Yupardhi 2A16 a), but for certain reason it wasbanned until recently (Suja- Z}L})Agnihotroitual has been putin practice againin Bali since1990's. Recentl,v-, more and more people in Bali conduct this ancient Hindu ritual and,therefore, Agnihotra ash as the n'aste product of the ritual is available in abundance. Inprinciple, in regard towaste products that are produced from various people activities, thewastes should be recycled or used whenever possible and not merely to be discarded. That is

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also the case for Agnihotra ash; such waste should not be disposed directly and, thus, beutilized for various purposes. The use of waste products resulted from the agritultural sectorsfor growth and performance of livestock farming has become subjects o1 research worksconducted by our colleagues (Mariani and Suryani, 2004; Bidura and Mahardika, 2005;Sudiastraer al., 2002).

Concerning utilization of Agnihono ash, in Peru - South America and in other countries, theash has been used for improving human health status, spritual balancing of the atmosfer, andincreasing land fertility (Ganesan, 20AD. So far, very few comments itated on the effect ofutilization of Agnihotra ash by people in Bali and also only a few scientific articles have beenpublished in the local or international journals. As stated by Ni PutuTirtawati (Pers. Com.,June 23d, 2A16), some farmers in Bali ,ririt a her in order to get Agnihotra ash.The farmersused the ash to fe*ilize their rice field and also were applied to coconut seedling in order toprotect it from a certain type of animal (londak - local name). They reported that their yieldof rice has increased almost three times following Agnihotra ash application when comparedto those receiving no ash. Likewise, the coconut seedtings were saved from animaldeshuction and, thus, grow prcperly. Such cases were reported by farmer from Karangasem,Bali. Similar positive result obtained from utilization of Agniho*oashwas also reported by afarmer in Luwuk, Sulawesi who used Agnihotra ash to fertilize his fruitplants (iambu- localname). He found that the plant produced more fiuit with bigger size and sweeter compared tothose before the ash fertilization (W. Jendra, Pers. Com., Aprill7ft, ZAlq.From scientific point of view, laboratory analysis of Agnihotra ash conducted by Yupmdhietal- Q0l6 b) indicated that the mineral contents of the ash include phosphorus @l: 12629mg/kg; calcium (ca): 10.017

^glkg;zinc (zn):&z.2tzmgkg; and iron {Fej: t6.zz5 mg/kg. It

has been widely known that minerals are needed by living organism (animals in this "use)

fotvmious important function of the body, such as for growth rate, meat, milk, egg, and woolproductions, reproductive performance, and so forth. So, regarding the positive effect ofapplication of Agnihotra ash as reportd above, scientific finding is needed to confirm suchpositive effects.

Since Agnihotra ash is waste product of a particularly spiritual occasion or ritual, somepeople believe that the ash is spiritually filled with sacred Hindu "mantrd'chanted during theactual course of the Agnihotraritual (Mantra" 1989). According to Jendra and Titib OgFtr,when the Agnitwtra ritual is conducted as proper as possible and also with fully appreiiation,then upon the application of the ash to agricultural sectors such as tiveitoci farming,improvement in their productivity may be obtained. [n relation to the "mantra content" ofAgnihotra ash, it has been stated that incorrect chanting of the mantra during the ritual mayresult in bad coosequences; it may not gtve optimum benefit as mentioned above and alsomay lead to negative impact on the chanting people themselves (Patanjali Muni in rJfibawa,2007).

Previous study of Yupardhiet ol. Q0l6 b) showed that addition of A'gnihotra ash in drinkingwater given to broiler chickens have resulted in a tendency of increasing income of chickenfarmers, from the hypothetical application of the experimental results at the level ofcommunity point of view. Thus, the results reported in this article is a kind of furtherconfirmation on effect of application of Agnihotra ashto broiler chickens by giving the samedose of ash in the ration rather than in the drinking water.

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International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach

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MATERIALS AND METIIODS

The current research work on application of Agnihotra ash to broiler chickens was conductedfor 5 weeks (17ft January -2fl February 20li).A number of day-old chicks (DOC CP 707)were kept in battery colony pens. The birds were fed with commercial ration produced by PT.Charoen Pokphand and supplied, ad libitum with tap water.

A completely randomized design (CRD) was applied with 4 treatments and 4 replications ineach treatment. Each replication consisted of 5 chicks at homogeny weight. The fourtreatments were: Group A as control that was birds receiving 100% commercial feed as basicration, Group B those receiving basic ration + 0.1Yo Agnihotra ash, Group C those receivingbasic ration + 0-2yo ash and Group C those receiving basic ration + 0.3 %o ash. As mentionedpreviously, theAgnihotraash wasmixed in the ration.

All animals were weighted every week to obtain data on body weight and body weight gain.At the end of experiment,2$o/o of birds from each treatuent were sampled and slaughtered inorder to get data on hematology and clinical chemistry that was then analyzed at the properlaboratory. Disection of the Garcass was conducted by following USDA technique 1977whereas for body fat and blood cholesterol asses$nent, they followed the technique reportedby Kubena et al. (1974) and Lieberman-Burchad (1977), respectively.

REST]LTS AND DISCT]SSION

At the end of experimen! various results obtained were presented in the following tables(Table I and Table 2)

Table I Productivity of broiler chickens after fed with commercial ration supplemented withAgnilntra ash at different concenfiations

Variable Treatments sEM (3)Afl)

lnitralwei**(glhe,ad) 42,90a(2) 42,60a 43,3a 42,40a A,2lFinal weight (g/head) l8l1,85a 1778,15a 1931,638a 1880,50a 55,15Feed consumption (g&ead) 3004,84a 2911,50a 3050,57a 3047,40a 141,76Body weight gain (g/head) 1768,95a 1735,55a 1888,38a 1838,1a 178,48Feed conversion ratio ffCR) 1.69a 1,67a 1,61a 1,66a 0.18Metorganolepticassessment:Colour 3.067a 3.267a 3.133a 3. l33a 0.180Smell 3.067a 3.200a 3.200a 3.A67a 4.122Texture 3.133a 3.267a 3.600a 2.733a 0.227Overall acceDtance 3.400a 3.600a 3.400a 2.933a 2.t18Fat distributionFat pad (e) 5.22 c 6,61 bc 8,10 ab 8,88 a 0,553Gut fat (mesenterium) (g) 5,23 a 3,98 a 3,42 a 3,27 a 0,783Gizzxd fat (s) 73,25 a 8,70 ab 4"06b 5,17 b 1,585

Abdominal fat (e) 23,71 a 18,90 ab 16,37 b 16,55 b 1,967

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International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach

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Blood clinical chemistrv:Total cholesterol (me/dl) 132.00 a 124.25 a 127,00 a 139,25 a 9,009

Trisliseride (ms/dl) 34.25 a 26,50 a 1.9,75 a 26,25 a 3,621

fnf (ms/al) 104,00 a 103,25 a 110,25 a ll9,25 p ---l-003-

LDL (me/dl) 32,25 a 26,00 a 32,25 a 30,00 a 3,920

Hematolosy:Hb (s/dl 11.75 a 8,20 a 10-925 a 11.30 a 1,184

Leucosite (e/dl) 143,45 a 103,45 a 138,52 a 134,6Q 3 ---!!f29Platelet (s/dl) 2A,25 a 19,50 a 25,75 a 29,50 a ]61Eritrosite (s/dl) 2.625 a 1,830 a 2,557 a 2,5X) a 4,277

Meat chemical:Astrcontent (7o) 3.6797 a 3,6 831 a 3,6864a 3,7386a 0,10

Fat content (7o) 5,8393a 6,M34a 6,0130a 5,4631a !l!q-Pmtein content (7o) 29,1165a 27,03 a 28,83 a 27,46 a 0,771

Meet physical quality:water content (7o) 75,00 a 7425 a 74,5A a 73,25 a 1,066

Cmkins lost (7o) 67,957 a 63,330 a 64"982a 66,752a 1,522

Wder holdine caoaciv (o/a'l 36,725 a 32,652 a 32,485 a 37,285 a 2,164

Row decreasion (7o) 62.9A2 a 63,802 a 61,258 a 65,798 a 1,587

DH 5,60 a 5,75 a 5,80 a 5,70 ? --- 0,062-Commercial cut ofGil3CaSS:

Upperthieh (e) 260,00a 200,00a 207,AAa 197,50a 17,45

I-owei ttrieh fsi 167,00a L64,o0a 174,50a l69,5aa l3,MtrVine weieht (e) 128,50a 136,50a 129,50a 132,00a 6,97

Chesr weieht (e) 579,50a 535,25a 576,5aa 534,50a 26,41

Brck weight (g)

Note:

26525a T70,0Aa 265,00a 297,50a 19,95

Treatment A: basic ration withoutlgnihotraash,B : basic ration + 0.1Yo

Agnihotra ash, C : basic ration + 0.2o/o Agnihotra ashand D : basic ration +0.3Yo Agnihotrsash.

The same letter at the same row indicates a non-significant difference (P > 0.05)

SEM : Standard Error of the Treaffnent Means

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Table 2 Hypothetical implication of addition of Agnihotra ash in broilerckickenration on

income of chickenfarmers and on the return cost ratio thatwasanalyzed at the termination ofthe experiment

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International Journal of Multidisciptinary Approach

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Variable Treatments

Income of farmers 255.161,80

(Rp./20 chickens)

R/C (Return Cost Ratio) 1,59

221.662,20 170.566,00

Data presented in Table I indicated that the various parameter as sessed i.e. feedconsumplion, final body weighg body weight gain, FCR, meatorganoleptic, blood clinicalchemisnry, hematology, meatchemistry, mearyliysical quality *J

"o*-ercial cut of the

carcass did not ditrer significantly (P > 0.05) among the four treatments. Exception was onthe fat content; Treatrnent A has the significantf higtrest gt?zard and abiominal fatscompared to the rest of heatment. [t can be assumed that the commercial CharoenPokphan5tl ration has already contained a suitable amount of various minerals needed forproper growth of broiler chickens. More over, the present results are in accordance with ourqryyious finding (Yupardhier al-, 2016 b); addition-of Agnilntraashat the same doses (0.1 to0-3"/0 into the drinking wafer of broiler chicke,ns did not significantly result in positive effecton tle various parameter observed. Thus, from these two experiments point of view,supplementation of Agnihotra ash through drinking water or mixed in the ration did notsignifi cantly improve productivity of the broiler chickens.

From spiritual point of view, it is believed that the Agnihotra ash is filled with sacred Hindumantras that were chanted during the actual course of the Agnihotrmitual (Mantra, 1999).Thus, the positive effect obtained from application of Agnihotra ash as."po.i"a or stated bysome people (Ganesan,2002; Jendra pers. com., 2014; Tirtawati pers. corn., 2016) miyberelated to the sacred mantras contained in the ash. More orer, asstated by Jen&a and Titib(1989), when the Agnihotrmiinl is performed as proper as possible and withfullyappreciation, upon the application of the ash for various purposes, beneficial effect may bLobtained. Furttrer more, the incorrect chanting of the sacred-mantras during the rit,al mayIead to undesirable consequences; it may not give optimum benefit as found 6y other peoplesor even may lead to negative impact on the chanted people themself (Paianjali trrt -i,inWibawa,z0[T).

As presented in Table 2 about implication of addition of Agnihotraashon chicken farmers inc,omes and on return+ost ratio, upon the hypothetical application of the presentresults at thelevel of _community, no significant differences on those parameters were noted. Whencompared to our previous results (Yupardhi, d d. 2016b), the current finding sindicate adifferent conclusion.

242.355,90

1,56 1,49 1,30

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International Journ al of Multidisciplina ry Approach

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Bidur4 I G. N. G., Mahardika I G. 2005. PenggunaanTepungJeramiBawangPutih(Allium sativum) dalamRansumterhadapBobotdanKomposisiFisikKarkasltik.PajalahllmiahPeternakan 3 (3): pp. 67.71..

Ganesan, P.C. 2W2. Agnilwtra for Health, Wealth and Happiness. FirstEdirroz.ISBN: 8l-7 478-304-0. Chenmoi. Bangalor. Kolkata: SuraBooks (h/t).

Jendra, I W" and Titib, I M. 1999. AgnihotraRala UpacaraMultifungsidanEfektif.Denpasar: Bali Hom aYaj na.

Mantrq I.B. 1989. Bhagavad Gita (Alih Bahasa danPenjelasan).ProyekPenyuluhandanPenerbitanBuku Agama. Pemda Tingkat I Bali.

Mariani, N.P. dansuryani, N.N. 20A4. PengaruhPenggunaanKulitBijiCoklat yangDizuplementasiRagidalamRansumterhadapJwrilahPad Fatdan KadarKolesterolDagingltik Bali. MajalahllmiahPeternakan 7 (2): pp. &-69.Suasdiastra" I W., Putra, I G., Sutrisna, I.B. 2002. PenambahanSerbukGergajiKayu,R€i Tempe, danKombinasinyadalamRansum BasalterhadryDistribusilemakTubuhAyamPedaging. MajalahllmiahPetemakan 9 (3): pp.9+101.

Suja, I W. 2010. Ritual Veda HomaTattwa.Inana. ISBN: 978-602-204-112-2.Paramit4 Surabaya.

Wibawa, M. A. 2007. KedahsyatanAgnihotraYajnaSuci yang Terlupakan.Denpasar: PT EmpatWarnaKomuinikasi.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

From the above results and discussion, it can be concluded that productivity of broilerchickens showed no significant improvement following application of 0.1 to 0.3o/oAgnihotraash in the commercial ration fed to broiler chickens. It appears that the presentresults are inccordance with our previous research work in which the ash was added into thedrinking water. As the hypotheticalanalysis of incomegained by the chicken farmers showeda diffrenet conclusion when compared to our previous research work, then further researchwork on utilization of waste product obtained during the actual course of Agnihotra - an oldHindusacredritual, should be carried out by, for example, increasing dose of the ashtreatmen!different methods of application of the ash, incrcsed number of experimental animals and soforth.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors wish to thank Rector of Udayana University, Prof. Dr.dr. K. Swastika, Sp.PD,KEMD, Dean of Faculty of Animl Science, and Head of Research and Community ServiceDepartment of Udayana University for their financial support and facilities provided. Similarappreciationisal so passed to those that make this reserch work possible.

REFFERENCES

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ix. Yupardhi, W.S. 2016 a. UpacaraAgnilatrapadaNlasyarakat Hindu Bali(SuatuKasus) di JeroGedeKetewel, KecamatanSukawati, KabupatenGianyar.Disertasi, IHDN Denpasar.

x. Yupardhi, W.S., Supart4 N., Harya Putra, I D K., Inggriati, N. W. T., Suarta, I G.2016b. The Effect of Addition in Drinhing Water of Agnihotra Ash on Growth Rateand Meat Qtality of Broiler Chicken. Internatiomal Journal of MultidisciplinaryApproach and studied.ISSN No: 2348 - 537X. Vol. 04, No. 1, Jan -Feb 2017. pp.13 -2r

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