Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 14983 (2002): Phoshporus (White or Yellow) -- Code ofSafety [CHD 8: Occupational Safety, Health and ChemicalHazards]

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IS 14983:2002

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Indian Standard

PHOSPHORUS (WHITE OR YELLOW) —CODE OF SAFETY

ICS 13.300; 71.060.10

0 BIS 2002

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR -MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

May 2002

/

Price Group 5

i’:

Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CHD 7

FOREWORD

I

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the ChemicalHazards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council.

White phosphorus is used in the manufacture of pesticide intermediates, rodenticides, semiconductors,incendiaries, fireworks, electroluminescent coatings, pyrotechnics, electronics industry, detergents, metaltreatment, animal feed, phosphoric acid, phosphor bronze, metallic phosphides and other phosphorus compounds.It is also used for production of mortars, hand grenades, etc.

White or yellow phosphorus does not react with water and is stable as long as it is kept wet or otherwiseexcluded from air. Contact of the product with oxidizing materials (including elemental sulphur) may cause avigorous reaction or explosion. Contact with strong caustic may result in evolution of poisonous and flammablephosphine gas, and the product is otherwise reactive with a wide variety of substances. Smoke of the burningproduct is irritating and toxic by inhalation. The product is highly hazardous if physically contacted or ingested.

The elimination of accidents is vital to public interest. Accidents produce economic and social loss, and impairindividual or group productivity. Realization of this loss has led the authorities to devote a good deal of attentionto safety education. Apart from general precautions, some typical precautions are required to be taken duringmanufacture, storage, handling of white or yellow phosphorous and this code of safety lays special emphasis onthese points.

There is no ISO standard on the subject. In the preparation of this code of safety considerable assistance hasbeen derived from the following publications.

a) Chemical safety data sheets — SD- 16, Manufacturing Chemists Association, 1825 Connecticut Avenue,Washington D.C. 20009.

b) Dangerous properties of industrial materials, 6th edition, N. Iriving Sax, Van Nostrand ReinholdCompany, 1984.

c) NIOSH, Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centresfor Disease Control, 1990 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health).

The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.

IS 14983:2002

Indian Standard

PHOSPHORUS (WHITE OR YELLOW) —CODE OF SAFETY

1 SCOPE

1.1 This code prescribes the properties of white oryellow phosphorus, nature of hazards associated withit, safety measures for controlling hazards, andessential information on symptoms of poisoning, firstaid, medical treatment, storage, handling, labellingand employees safety.

1.2 This code does not, however, deal with speci-fications for design of buildings, chemical engineeringplants, method and ingredients used in the manu-facmre, equipment for waste disposal and operationcontro!,

2 REFERENCES

The Indian Standards listed below contain provisionswhich through reference in this text, constituteprovisions of this standard. At the time of publication,the editions indicated were valid. All standards aresubject to revisions, and parties to agreements basedon this standard are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of thestandards:

IS No.4155: 1966

8519:1977

8520:1977

8807:1978

10667:1983

Title

Glossary of terms relating tochemical and radiation hazards andhazardous chemicalsGuide for selection of industrialsafety equipment for body protectionGuide for selection of industrialsafety equipment for eye, face andear protectionGuide for selection of industrialsafety equipment for protection ofarms and handsGuide for selection of industrialsafety equipment for protection offoot and leg

3 TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this standard the definitions givenin IS 4155 shall apply.

4 PROPERTIES

4,1 General Information

4.1.1 Chemical Name — Phosphorus.

4.1.2 Common Name — Phosphorus, white,

phosphorus, yellow phosphorus.

4.1.3 Formula — Pd.

4.1.4 UN Number — 1381.

4.1.5 CAS Number — 7723-14-0,

4.1.6 UN Class — 4.2.

4.1,7 Molecular Mass — 124.08.

4.2 Physical Properties

4.2.1 Physical State — Waxy solid, cubic crystals.

4.2.2 Colour — White to pale yellow.

4.2.3 Odour — Pungent, sharp, garlic like.

4.2.4 Boiling Point — 279.7”C.

4.2.5 Melting Point — 44.1 “C.

4.2.6 Vapour Density (Air=l) — 4.42°C.

4.2.7 Specific Gravity

a) solid (water= 1) at 20°C — 1.82.

b) liquid (water= 1) — 1.745.

4.2.8 Viscosi& at 30°C — 2.037 cp.

4.2.9 Vapour Pressure at 20”C — 0.026 mm Hg.

4.2.10 Heat of Combustion — (–) 5900 callg.

4.2.11 Refractive Indexat25°C—2.1442.

4.2.12 Volubility in Water— Almost insoluble in water(0.000 3 g/100 g water at 20°C). Soluble in alkali,ammonia, benzene, carbon disulphide, chloroform,ether and tolune.

4.2.13 Light Sensitivity — Turns red in sunlight.

4.3 Chemical Properties

4.3.1 Reactivity

Very reactive with air or oxygen igniting spontaneouslyand burning to form phosphorus pentaoxide. Reactwith air, oxidizing materials, strong caustics, sulphur,beryllium, thorium, zirconium, various halogens,oxides, fluorides, azides, iodates, nitrides, acids,iodides, chlorides, carbides, chlorates, bromates, acidanhydrides and other chemicals. It is not hydroscopic.

4.4 Fire and Explosion Hazard Properties

4.4.1 Ignition Temperature — 45”C.

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1S 14983:2002

4.4.2 Au~o Ignition Tetnperature —30”C.

4.4.3 F/ash Point — Spontaneously flammable in air.

4.4.4 Upper Explosive Limit —Non applicable.

4.4.5 Lower Explosive Limit — Not applicable.

4.5 Corrosion Properties

Phosphorus is not corrosive in absence of air or water.Phosphorous is stored under water since it is slightlysoluble in water (0.000 3 percent at 20”C). Certaingaseous compounds are formed and minute particlesdetach themselves form the main body of thephosphorus which oxidizes in the cover water andslowly acidifies it. The temperature of the cover wateris a factor in the acidification. As high temperaturesare reached, the volubility of the phosphorus increases,causing a more rapid acidification. This process willIn time corrode the container at the liquid level line.The pH of the cover water should be periodicallychecked for acidity.

5 TOXICITY INFORMATION AND HEALTHEFFECTS

5.1 Itemits highly toxic fumes of POX. Availabletoxicity values are given below:

a) TLV (TWA) :0.1 mg/m3 over each8 h of a 40 h work week

b) STEL :0.3 mg/m3 for 15 min

c) IDLH : Not available

cl) LD,O(rat), Dormal :100 mg/kg

e) LD,O (human) Oral: 1.4 mg/kg

5.2 Routes of Entry

White phosphorus in solid state or its vapours canenter human systems by inhalation, accidentalingestion, skin contact and skin absorption.

5.3 Health Effects

5.3.1 Signs and Symptoms

Irritation of eyes, respiratory tract, abdominal pain,nausea, jaundice, anemia, cachexia, dental pain, excesssaliva, jaw pain, swelling, skin bums, etc.

5.3.2 Acute Toxicity

5.3.2.1 Systemic effects

The absorption of phosphorus when taken by mouthmay be delayed as much as two hours. After ingestionthere is an initial stage starting in a few hours withlocal gastro-intestinal irritation shown by nausea,vomiting and severe abdominal pain. The vomitusmay have a garlic like odour and may bephosphorescent (luminous in dark). After 24/25 h,

the symptoms are remittent. In a few hours, or in 2/3 days nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain reappearwith diarrhea and tenderness. The skin becomesyellowish in colour. The condition progresses for 2to 15 days, averaging 8 days. The fatal dose isgenerally about 100 mg, but 15 mg may be severelytoxic.

5.3.2.2 Local effects

Phosphorus, when not surrounded by water, burnsfreely and will cause severe local tissue bums if itcontacts the skin. Combustion of phosphorus on theskin results in the formations of meta and orthophosphoric acids and small amounts of redphosphorus. These compounds are of no importanceclinically, as the heat coagulation of the tissue is theimportant effect of phosphorus burns. A firm escharis produced and is surrounded by blisters.

Phosphorus is especially hazardous to the eyes andproduces severe damage.

Absorption of phosphorus following severe or fatalsurface burns in an amount sufficient to producesystemic toxicity has not been encountered.

5.3.3 Chronic Toxicity

5.3.3.1 Systemic effects

Chronic poisoning occurs from long continuedabsorption of phosphorus especially through the lungsbut also through the gastro-intestinal tract.

A form of generalized weakness, attended by anemia,loss of appetite, gastro-intestinal complaints, chroniccough, and marked weakness and pdllor has beenreported to be due to systemic phosphorus poisoning.The most common form of chronic phosphoruspoisoning is that ofjaw necrosis. Chro~ic phosphoruspoisoning causes changes in the long bones. Seriouslyaffected bones may become brittle, leading tospontaneous fractures. Industrially, necrosis of thebone is seen only in the jaw bones. In such cases, thefirst symptoms are usually tooth ache and excessivesalivation followed by the loosening of one or moreteeth and severe pain and swelling of the jaw. Asuppurative ulceration develops in the gums aroundthe tooth or the tooth socket, which advances to a deepinfection of the bone itself. There is a gradualprogression of the process until most of the affectedbones are involved. In extreme cases severe facialdeformity may result.

5.3.3.2 Local eflects

There are no usual chronic local effects.

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6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

6.1 Availability and Use

While personal protective equipment is not anadequate substitute for good, safe working conditions,adequate ventilation and intelligent conduct on thepart of the employees working with phosphorus is inmany instances, the only practical means of protectingthe worker. In emergency situation one should keepfirmly in mind that personal protective equipmentprotects only the worker wearing it, and otherunprotected workers in the area may be exposed todanger.

The correct usage of personal protective equipmentrequires the education of the worker in properemployment of the equipment available to him. Underconditions, which are sufficiently hazardous to requirepersonal protective equipment, its use should besupervised and the type of equipment should be capableof control over any potential hazard.

6.2 Non-Respiratory Equipment

6.2.1 Eye Protection

Cup type or rubber frame goggles, equipped withapproved impact resistant glass or plastic lenses shouldbe worn whenever there is danger of phosphoruscoming in contact with eyes. Goggles should becarefully fitted to ensure maximum protection andcomfort.

6.2.2 Head Protection

Hard hats should be worn where there is danger offailing objects. If hard hats are not considerednecessary, soft-brimmed hats or caps may be worn togive protection against liquid leaks and splashes.

6.2.3 Foot Protection

Leather safety shoes with built-in steel toecaps arerecommended for workers handling drums and cansof phosphorus. Rubber gumboots must be used whilehandling phosphorus. Shoes should be thoroughlycleaned and ventilated after contamination (see1S 10667).

6.2.4 Body, Skin and Hand Protection

Clothing made of rubber or other impervious materialsmay be worn to protect the body against the splashes.Rubber gloves should be worn for hand protection.Fireproof overalls should be worn when operationsinvolving phosphorus fires are encountered (seeIS 8519 and IS 8807).

6.3 Respiratory Equipment

Respirator selection (upper limit devices).

IS 14983:2002

a) 1 mg/m3— Any dust and mist respirator witha fill facepiece.

b) 2.5 mg/m3 — Any power air-purifyingrespirator with a high efficiency particulatefilter.

Any supplied air respirator operated in acontinuous flow mode.

c) 5 mg/m3 — Any self contained breathingapparatus with a full facepiece.

Any supplied air respiratory with a fullfacepiece.

Any air purifying full facepiece respiratorwith a high efficiency particulate filter.

d) 200 mg/m3 — Any supplied air respiratorwith a full facepiece and operated in apressure demand or other positive pressuremode.

e) Emergency or planned entry in unknown

concentration — Any self containedbreathing apparatus with full facepiece andoperated in a pressure demand or positivepressure mode.

The above can be used in combination withan auxiliary self contained breathingapparatus.

fl Escape — Any air purifying full facepiecerespirator with a high efficiencyparticulate filter.

Any appropriate escape type self containedbreathing apparatus.

7 STORAGE, HANDLING, LABELLING ANDTRANSPORT

7.1 Storage

7.1.1 Storage tanks should be removed from congestedareas. Storage of any combustible material should notbe allowed in the building. There should be nounnecessary movement of non-phosphorus workers inthe area.

7.1.2 Storage tanks may be constructed of concrete orof welded steel without bottom or side outlets. Thestorage tanks should be placed in retaining basins,also constructed of concrete or of welded steel, withoutbottom or side outlets. The basins should be largeenough to retain the full contents of the tank or tankswith allowance for 80-100 mm of water coverage.Water lines should be installed to the retaining basinsto allow their instant flooding.

7.1.3 Sealed tanks should be equipped with frangiblediscs or safety valves set to release at a predeterminedpressure. An ample safety factor should be allowed toprotect the tank itself. Tanks should be equipped with

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Is 14983:2002

internal or external heating coils for either hot wateror steam. To avoid corrosion at the water line, internalcoils and all pipe lines shoulci reequipped with non-corrosive section at those points where the pipes enterthe liquid.

7.1.4 The pipe used to carry phosphorus being pumpedor transferred should be jacketted with hot water orsteam traced to prevent freezing of the phosphorus,and should be mounted to allow for expansion andcontraction. Pipe lines for phosphorus should be slopedto the outlet to allow maximum drainage. A warmwater connection should be made to flush out the linesafter use.

7.1.5 Plug or gate valves (all steel) are preferable toother types. Where possible, all connections to valvesor tanks should be of the welded flange type. Valvesshould be hot water jacketed or steam traced. Tanksshould be vented or provided with frangible discs orsafety valves. Ventilation should be provided wherephosphorus is stored or handled inside building. Underabnormal circumstances special emergency ventilatingequipment such as fans or blowers may be necessary.Phosphorus is not explosive. However, since it formscorrosive phosphorus pentaoxide on oxidation,electrical fixtures should be vapour-proof.Phosphorous storage tanks should be grounded toprevent danger by lightening.

7.2 Handling

7.2.1 Phosphorus is generally handled in molten form,although the solid form may be used for small quantityconsumption in certain situations. Water displacementis the safest method of transfer. Phosphorus shouldalways be submerged under water. The usual handlingtemperature is 55”C. Below that, it is excessive viscous.Above 65°C it tends to float and may reach the watersurface.

7.2.2 Tankers and trucks are filled with hot water.Molten phosphorus displaces the water, which isreturned to the tank from which the phosphorus wasremoved. Unloading is accomplished by forcing in hotwater and displacing the phosphorus through a dippipe.

7.2.3 In the event of a large leak in a tank pipeline orstorage vessel molten phosphorus will flow in a streamand fortn a pool of liquid on the ground. The liquidflow can be restricted with earth and then covered witha layer of water which will effectively smother theburning phosphorus. In the absence of water, burningphosphorus can be smothered by using sand, Enoughcare should be taken to control the leak at the sourceby applying a small stream of water. Application ofwater solidifies phosphorus which can be removed tosafe, open, isolated areas where the phosphorus can

be burnt off under supervision after drying out.

7.2.4 Proper personal protective equipment and firefighting equipment should be used while handlingphosphorus.

7.3 Labelling

7.3.1 Each container (including tank cars) should carryan identifying label or stencil. Manufacturing namewith any label warnings required by regulations orordinances.

7.3.2 Each drum must be labelled “FLAMMABLESOLID”.

7.3.3 Each tanker and each railroad car carrying oneor more containers of phosphorus must bear the“DANGEROUS” placard in addition.

7.4 Transport

Containers generally used for transport of phosphorousare:

a)

b)

c)

Tankers — which are insulated, withoutbottom outlet, and have a 8000 gallonmaximum storage capacity.

Metal Barrels or Drums — which arereturnable and have a 30 gallon maximumstorage capacity.

Metal Boxes or Containers — with insidecontainers being hermetically sealed metalcans enclosed in other hermetically sealedmetal cans or box liners.

7.4.1 Unloading of Trucks

7.4.1.1 Unloading operations should be conducted bycarefully instructed, reliable employees under adequatesupervision. Unloading stations should be equippedwith safety showers, and open barrels or vats of water.See that the truck is spotted accurately and that thetruck is levelled. Stoppers/pegs should be used to avoidmovement of truck during unloading. Supplier’sinstructions for unloading should always be followedand all caution markings on both sides of trucks shouldbe read and observed.

7.4.1.2 In the event of leak in the truck that cannot bestopped by following the instructions from the supplier(which may include a suggestion to play a stream ofcold water on the leak point to freeze the phosphorus)or by simple adjustment or lightening immediatelytelephone or wire the suppliers for further instruction.

7.4.2 Drums

7.4.2.1 When phosphorus is received in drums, careshould be taken to see that all fittings are tight andthat the material is heated to the proper temperature,that is, above 44°C and below 55°C preferably to about

4

52”C, before applying water to displace the material.

7.4.2.2 The plug in the bung opening should beloosened to prevent rupture of the drum when it isheated.

8 SPILLAGE, LEAKAGE AND WASTEDISPOSAL

8.1 Spillage

8.1.1 General Information

Proceed with caution. Restrict access to area. Keepunprotected personnel upwind of spill area. Avoidcontact with spilled product. Protect sewers andwaterways from contaminated runoff. Notify properauthorities. Take into account while planning theresponse that all physical contact with phosphorusshould be avoided and that the product may ignitespontaneously in air when dry. Water in containersshould be maintained between pH 5.5 and 6.5 ifpossible to prevent evolution of hydrogen from actionof any phosphoric acid present on metal and theevolution of toxic and flammable phosphine gas.

8.1.2 Land Spill

8.1.2.1 Phosphorus maybe contained by building dikesor barrier using earth, and or similar materials, andthen covered with water, wet sand or dirt.

8.1.2.2 Consequence

Any phosphorus that escapes may ignite upon drying.

8.1.2.3 Mitigation

Remove contained product as soon as possible toprevent spread of contamination. Keep product wetbefore and after removal.

8.1.3 Water Spill

Stop use of water. Notify proper authorities to stopwater intake or to monitor water for contamination.Spilled product will sink in water. Use natural deepwater pockets, excavated lagoons, or sandbag barriersto trap material on bottom and limit spread ofcontamination.

8.2 Leakages

8,2.1 Whether large or small, a leak from a drum ortank containing phosphorus is most effectivelycontrolled at the source by applying a small stream ofwater to the wall of the vessel. The water chills theliquid phosphorus and converts it to the solid form,Phosphorus in the solid form, when not covered withwater, will ignite and burn slowly at first.

8.2.2 High pressure water or stream of great velocityshould not be used against phosphorus. Such highvelocity streams have the effect of atomizing or

IS 14983:2002

scattering molten phosphorus into many small particles,such of which will bum violently in separate fire.

8.3 Waste Disposal

8.3.1 Disposal of phosphorus as such is generally notpermissible. Contaminated material (such as a soil-phosphorus mixture left after extinguishing of splashfire) should be taken to an isolated area and burned.

8.3.2 ‘Phossy water’ should be chemically treatedbefore allowing it to flow out of the plant.

8.3.3 Returnable drums should be thoroughly washedinside and outside with water, drained and covertightly. Before they are scrapped, non-returnablecontainers should be thoroughly washed with wateruntil all traces of phosphorus have been removed.

9 FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

9.1 General

Phosphorus ignites spontaneously upon contact withair or oxygen and burns rigorously, forming P205, agreat cloud of white smoke which is a strong irritant,corrosive to the skin, eyes and the mucous membrane.It is neither explosive nor is the smoke generated fromits combustion.

9.2 Prevention

9.2.1 Fires are controlled by exclusion of air, usingwater, sand or carbon dioxide extinguishers. Highpressure water should not be used, as it would scatterthe material, causing secondary tires.

9.2.2 Move container from tire area if no risk. Usewater from side and from safe distance to keep fireexposed containers cool.

10 TRAINING AND HEALTH MONITORING

10.1 Employee Education and Training

10.1.1 Safety in handling phosphorus depends uponthe effectiveness of employee education, training andsupervision. The education and training of employeesto work safely and to use the personal protectiveequipment or other safe guards provided for them is aresponsibility of supervision. Employee education andtraining should emphasize the need of handlingphosphorus according to the methods outlined in themanual, in order to avoid spilling or splashing, leaks,bums, inhalation of the vapour of burning material,or ingestion. Unauthorised and untrained employeesshould not be permitted in areas where phosphorus isbeing handled.

10.1.2 Before being placed on the job, new employeesshould be instructed thoroughly in the proper handlingof phosphorus. Older employees should, bere-instructed periodically.

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IS 14983:2002

10.1.3 Each employee should know the location,purpose and maintenance of personal protectiveequipment and be thoroughly trained when and howto use it. Each employee should know the location ofsafety showers, fountains for flushing the eyes, andhose lines.

10.1.4 Only reliable, dependable and properly trainedemployees should be given the responsibility ofoperating valves which control the movement ofphosphorus.

10.1.5 Employee should be trained to report to theproper authority all suspected leaks or equipmentfailure and any signs of illness or skin difficulties.Each employee should know what to do in emergencyand in first-aid measures and should realize thenecessity for the prompt application of first-aid in casecontacted phosphorus or exposure to the vapours ofthe burning material.

10.2 Health Monitoring

10.2.1 Personal Hygiene

10.2.1.1 Employees should bath daily after finishingwork. They should report any abnormal condition ofthe mouth to medical department.

10.2.1.2 Food should not be stored or eaten near ther

place where phosphorus is being handled.- ..

10.2.2 Physical Examination

10.2.2.1 Preplacement physical examinations

Preplacement medical examination should be directedtoward eliminating from exposure to phosphorus tothose workers with any evidence of history of liverdisease and those workers with any of the followingdental defects: gingivitis, pyorrhea, carious teeth,exposed sockets and dental cysts. Absence of all naturalteeth is no contraindication. Employees who have orhad syphilis should not be exposed to phosphorus.

10.2.2.2 Periodic examination

The extent of medical or dental control depends uponthe amount of exposure to phosphorus. Where thereis a prolonged exposure to open phosphorus, thefollowing procedures are recommended.

10.2.2.2.1 Medical examination

An annual physical examination should be given toeach employee who is constantly exposed tophosphorus. He should be instructed to report anyillness he experiences.

10.2.2.2.2 Dental examination

Periodical dental examinationsrequired.

II

can be given, if

6

11 FIRST-AID AND MEDICAL TREATMENT

11.1 General Principles

First-aid treatment should be started at once in all casesof contact with phosphorus in any form otherwiseserious injury may result. Refer all injured persons toa physician even when the injury appears to be slight.Give the physician a detailed account of the accident.

11.2 Contact with Skin

Immediate application of water to the area stopscombustion of the phosphorus. This may beaccomplished by plunging the affected parts in wateror by the copious use of running water. Contaminatedclothing should be removed promptly. The area shouldbe washed thoroughly for at least 15 min. It should beborne in mind that in severe burns and those involvinga large area of the body surface shock may appear atany time. This should be treated promptly by layingthe patient down and keeping him reasonably warmuntil the physician arrives. No oil or ointment of anykind should be applied to burned areas within the first24 h after contact, or subsequently, without thesanction of the attending physician.

11.2.1 Caution

It should be remembered that the phosphorus stopsburning after the application of water but when thearea dries, due to the evaporation of water, thephosphorus will spontaneously ignite again. Dryingmay be prevented by covering the area with a clothwet with water of 0.5 percent silver nitrate solution.The phosphorus must be removed as soon as possible.A physician should be called at the earliest possiblemoment, till then continue silver nitrate solutiontreatment.

11.2.2 Skin Burns

Phosphorus ignites when exposed to air or when itdries on clothing or skin. Therefore, get victim, orburned areas, under water as quickly as possible usinga water bucket, a hose, a shower, a tank or a tub ifnecessary, Remove clothing under water. Any skinareas which may have phosphorus on them MUSTBE KEPT IMMERSED IN WATER to exclude air untilphosphorus can be removed.

11.2.2.1 Treatment

Immerse in cold water. Remove any remaining bits ofphosphorus visible. Using a fresh sterile gauzecompress for each application gently swab with3 percent hydrogen peroxide until no phossy odourcan be detected in bums. This may take 20 min orlonger. “

IS 14983:2002

11.3 Contact with Eyes

11.3.1 First-Aid

If even minute quantities of phosphorus, either in solidform or in solution, enter the eyes they should bethoroughly washed immediately and copiously withwater for a minimum of 15 min. The eyelids shouldbe held apart during the eye washing to ensure contactof water with ail_rEstissues of the surface of the eyesand lids, A physici~n, preferably an eye specialist,should be called in attendance at the first possiblemoment. If a physician is not immediately available,the eye washing should be continued for a secondperiod of 15 min. After the first 15 min period of eyewashing is completed, it is permissible, as a first-aidmeasure, to instill two or three drops of an 0.5 percentaqueous topical anesthetic. No oils or oily ointmentsshould be instilled unless ordered by the physician.

11.4 Ingestion

If phosphorus is swallowed, either in a paste or as‘phossy water’, a physician should be calledimmediately. There is no established antidote. Thepatient should be mad$ to vomit at once by givinglarge quantities of water or salt solution (1 tablespoonful of salt to 1quart of water), If necessary, stickfinger down the throat to cause vomiting. Repeatedvomiting should be encouraged by giving largequantities of fluids. Animal or vegetable fats or oilsshould not be given as these would increase theabsorption of phosphorus. Physician should be calledat once.

11.5 Inhalation

11.5.1 Inhalation of phosphorus vapour itself has notcaused acute symptoms but the employee should beimmediately removed from the contaminatedatmosphere to fresh air. When phosphorus is burning,concentrations of the oxides of phosphorus are formedwhich are principally phosphorus pentaoxide. Theproducts of oxidation are a lung irritant. The patientshould be removed to fresh air at once. If the patienthas respiratory distress or a persistent cough, medicaloxygen is indicated, provided it is available and thatsomeone is present who is familiar with itsadministration. A physician should be called at once.

11.5.2 Burning phosphorus in a confined area maycause a depletion of the oxygen from the air to asufficient extent to cause asphyxiation. The patientshould be removed at once to fresh air and effectiveartificial respiration initiated immediately if breathinghas ceased. A physician should be called at once.

11.6 First-Aid Kit

First-aid kit containing the following items should bekept handy.

a) 0.5 percent silver nitrate solution,

b) Sofratulle sterilized gauzes, and

c) Silversulfa ointment. (If patient is not allergicto Sulfa drugs.)

1S 14983:2002

ANNEX A

(Foreword)

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CHD 7

Orgarrization

Indian Inst]tute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad

Atom ICEnergy Regulatory Board, Mumbai

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai

Central Warehousing Corporation, New Delhi

Century Rayon, Kalyan

Development Commissioner (SSl), New Delhi

Department of Explosives, Nagpur

Dirwturate General of Factory Advice Services& Labour Institutes, Mumbai

Excel Industries Limited, Mumbai

Hlndustan Organic Chemicals Limited, Rasayani

Hlndustan Lever Limited, Mumbai

[nd!an Chemical Manufacturers’ Association, New Delhi

Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Birbhadra

Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited, Vadodara

industnal Toxicology Research Centre, Luckrtow

M]ntstry of Defence (DGOF), Kolkata

Ministry of Defence (DGQA), New Delhi

Ministry of Defence (R&D), New Delhi

Ministry of Environment& Forests, New Delhi

Ministry of Industry, Department of Industrial Policy&Promotion, New Delhi

National Institute ofOccupational Health, Ahmedabad

National Organic Chemicals Limited, Mumbai

National Safety Council, Mumbai

Oil tndustries Safety Directorate, Mumbai

Projects & Development(1) Limited, Sindn

SIEL Chemical Complex, Punjab

Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation, Chennai

Representative(s)

DRK. V. RAGHAVAN(Chairman)

SHRIP. K. GHOSH

DR B. N. RATHI

REPRESENTATIVE

DR K. V. RAMALINGAM

SHiuJAYAhTAADHIA(A/fernate)

SHRIMATISUNITA

DR H. MUKHERJEE

SHRJS.S. GAUTAM

DR BRtJ MOHAN(Alternate)

%0 p. M. K-WA

SHJUMOHANPATIL(Alfernafe)

SHRJV. H. CHUOAMANI

SHRIA.G. SSSHAN(Alternate)

DR A. BHASKAR

SHRtA. JHAVAR(Alternate)

SHRtV. N.DAS

SHRtK. R. SHARMA

SHRJJ. N. SHAP.MA

DR P. N. VISHWANATHAN

SHruV. R. JAJSHIMA

SHRtR. VENUOGPAL(Alfernafe)

SHRtM. S. SULTANIA

SHRtK. G. NIGAM(Alternate)

DR P. S. VENKATARAMANI

DR A. K. SAXENA(Alternate)

DR M. SENOUPTA

DR (Ms.) lNDRANICHANDRASHEKHARAN(Alternafe)

SHRJM. P. SINGH

SHRJN. C. TIWAIU(A/?ema/e)

DR D. J. PARJKH

DR T. S. PATEL(Alternate)

DR B. V. BAPAT

SHRJM. B. SURVE(Alternate)

sHRtP. M. ~0

SHRtV. B. PATIL(Alternate)

REFlU3SNTATNE

SstroA. C. SRJVASTAVA

SHSUA. K. MEHRA

Swu T. S. KRJSHNAN

SHSUJ. P. AZASOAHWINSTON(Allernate)

(Continuedonpage 9)

Is 14983:2002

(Cow(miedjiom page 8)

Organization

Tata AIG KM Management Services Limited, Mumbai

BIS Directorate General

Representative(s)

%-u AJAYPANCHAL

SHiG SAOSSANMUKHEPJEE(Alternate)

SHRILAJINDERSINGH,Director&Head (CHD)

[Representing Director General (E@icio)]

Member-Secrefaty

SHRI N. K. PAL

Direetor (CHD), BIS

Toxic/Carcinogenic Substances Subcommittee, CHD 7:1

Shriram Food&Fertilizers Industries, New Nlhi

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai

Cehtral Electro Chemical Research Institute, Karaikudi

Colour-Chem Limited, Mumbai

Centre for Environment& Explosives Safety (DRDO), Delhi

Directorate General of Factory Advice Sewice & Labour Institutes, Mumbai

Excel Industries Limited, Mumbai

Indian Chemical Manufacturers’ Association, New Delhi

Indian Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Limited, Birbhadra

Indian Pesticides Manufacture’ Association, New Delhi

Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited, Vadodara

Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow

Ministry of Environment& Forests, New Delhi

National Institute ofOccupational Health, Ahmedabad

SHRJA.K.MEHRA(Cmmwwr)

DR B. N. RAnsI

DR A. S. LAKSHMANAN

DR S. P]TCHUMANI(Alternate)

DR J. CHANDKASEKHARAN

SHtUS. G. AOVANI(Akernafe)

DR A. K. BHALLA

SHRI M. M. ALAMKHAN

DR T. V. RANGARAO (Alternate)

SHRID. B. MEHTA

SHRt M. P. MISTRY(Alternate)

SHRt V. N. DAS

DR C. SSNWSHNA

DR C. P. SARXAR(Afternafe)

SW A. A. PONSWANI

DR J. K. AsnK (Alternate)

DR J. N. SHARMA

DR SUSHILKUMAR

DR P. K. SETH(Alternate)

Wuwn SANCHITAJINDAL

DR p. cHAITOPAOHYAY

/

9

II

--

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Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of‘BIS Catalogue’ and’ Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No. : CHD 7 (885).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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