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IS 15708 (2006): Road vehicles - brake linings - shear testprocedure for disc brake pad and drum brake shoe assemblies[TED 4: Automotive Braking Systems]

1S15708:2006

$Fd)3mn

Indian Standard

ROAD VEWCLES — BRAKE LINNGS — sHEm ‘TESTPROCEDURE FOR DISC BRAKE PAD AND l’X.UM

BRAKE SHOE ASSEMBLIES

Ics 43.040.40

$3 HIS 2006

BUREAU C)I?INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADt3R SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELI-H 1IWW2

Automotive Braking Systems, Vehicle Testing and Performance Evaluation Sectional Committee, TED 4

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, afler the drafi finalized by the AutomotiveBraking Systems, Vehicle Testing and Performance Evaluation Sectional Committee had been approved by theTransport Engineering Division Council.

This standard is basedonISO6312: 2001 ‘Road vehicles — Brake linings — Shear test procedure for disc brakepad and drum brake shoe assemblies’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization (1S0). Thisstandard is basically adoption of 1S0 6312. Keeping in view the practical difficulties in testing the sample within30 s after removal from the heating unit as specified in clause 7 (b) ofISO6312, the Committee responsible forthe formulation of this standard has decided to adopt this 1S0 Standard with minor deviation as below:

In clause 7 (b) Substitute ’60 s’ for ’30 s’.

The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex B.

In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard is to be rounded off, it shall bedone in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revise~’.

IS 15708:2006

Indian Standard

ROAD VEHICLES — BRAKE LININGS — SHEAR TESTPROCEDURE FOR DISC BRAKE PAD AND DRUM

BRAKE SHOE ASSEMBLIES

1 SCOPE

This standard specifies a method for measuring thestrength of the bond connection between the liningmaterial and the carrier in disc brake pad and drumshoe assemblies (shear strength). This standard isapplicable to integrally moulded, riveted and bondedassemblies of both types of brake on road vehicles.

2 REFERENCE

The following standard contains provision, whichthrough reference in this text, constitutes provision ofthis standard. At the time of publication, the editionindicated was valid. All standards are subject to revisionand parties to agreements based on this standard areencot.traged to investigate the possibility of applyingthe most recent edition of the standard indicated below:

IS No. Title

11852 Automotive vehicles — Brakes and(Part 1): 2001 braking systems: Part 1Terminology

3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this standard, the terms anddefinitions given in IS 11852 (Part 1)and the followingshall apply.

3.1 Lining — Friction material component of a brakelining assembly.

3.2 Carrier — Component of a brake lining assemblyto which the friction pad is attached.

3.3 Bond Area — Contact area between lining andcarrier.

3.4 Shear Strength — Ratio of the load at failuredivided by the bond area.

4 SYMBOLS AND UNITS

The symbols and preferred units used in this standardare given in Table 1.

Table 1 Symbols and Units

S1 No. Quantity Symbol Unit

(1) (2) (3) (4)

O Shear force at failure F N

ii) ,.%reaof bond A mmz

iii) Shear strengthat failure T MPa

5 SAMPLING AND CONDITIONING

This procedure may be used on samples during productdevelopment, on finished products, or after specialtreatment or usage.

Testing may be performed on a complete assembly orsection of an assembly.

Sample edges mybe prepared to ensure good contact withthe loading and fixed tools. Shims should be removed.

When testing a lined shoe, the test area may cover thefill assembly or segments of an assembly confined bysaw cutting down to the. carrier (see Fig. 1).

Five samples should be used.

NOTE — The testproeedurcapplies a load in a direction whichmight not be in accordance with the loading direction of theproduct in service. The shearbehaviour could be influenced byhigh aspectratio, chamfered or slotted pads.

6 TEST RIG AND FIXTURES

6.1 Test Rig

The test rig shall be a compression or tensile testingmachine or similar (shear testing) machine of sufficientcapacity to apply the shearing load by activating a ram.

The test rig shall be provided with equipment to registerthe exact load applied at the instant of shear failure.

The load application rate shall be controlled in such away that the load increases at an average rate of 4500+ 1000 N/s (as determined from typical vehicle-basedevaluation). If a constant crosshead speed machine isbeing used the load rate shall be set to 10* 1 mm/min.This shall be indicated in the results, which, it shall benoted, cannotbe comparedto testsconducted on machinesof the constant load type. Shock loading shall be avoided.

6.2 Fixture

6.2.1 General

The shearing test fixture shaIIJave the means to hold atest sample such that it is parallel to the loading tool.This tool shall have a radius of 1.5 mm at the part incontact with the test sample.

6.2.2 Drum Brake Shoe AssembIy

The fixture (see Fig. 2) shall be designed so that the

IS 15708:2006

I 1 I

All dimensionsin millimetres.

FIG. 1 LINED SHOE IN SEGMENTAL TEST CONDITION

A

>. —

1-A

A-AC

Ib

Key

1 = loading tool *2 = loading punch profile, 1 * 0.2 mm

clear of shoe platform3 = lining face support

4 = fixed bottom tool5 = shoe platform supported by tool

(support < platform thickness)a = centre of thrust of top ram to be

positioned thusb = loading direction, parallel to shoe

platform /

c = through test tool

FIG. 2

All dimensionsin millimetres.

DRUM BRAKE SHOE TEST FIXTURE

2

-.

loading tool is in contact with the edge of the lining forthe fill sample length and thickness within 1* 0.2 mmof the shoe platform.

Load application on the loading tool shall be in adwection parallel to the plane of the shoe platform. Theshoe shall be supported to maintain uniform loadingalong the length of the lining sample.

The width of the loading tool shall be greater than thewidth, W, of the lining.

6.2.3 Disc Brake Pad

The fixture (see Fig. 3) shall be designed such thafi

a)

b)

c

Key

Location of the plane of the backplate isparallel to the plane of the loading tool;

Loading tool is in contact with the edge of thelining within 1 * 0.2 mm of the backing plate

R

1

3

A-A

1 = loading tool (parallel to backing plate support)2 = backing plate support3 = face load fixtureC = < backplate thicknessa = direction of shear forceb = pivotc = face loadd = minimized friction at interface

c)

d)

e)

f)

g)

IS 15708:2006

(carrier) and conforms to the sample liningprofile including taper angles;

Loading tool is self-aligning;

Loading tool is in contact with the full samplelength of the lining edge parallel to thebackplate support;

Load bearing edge of the backing plate restsagainst a rigid support with a thickness nogreater than that of the backing plate;

In order to prevent assembly movement undertesting, a pressure fixture applies a face loadof 0.5 + 0.15 N/mmz of the lining area at aright angle to the shear load; and

Face load is applied in such away that frictionforce is minimized and does not significantlyinfluence the shear load measurement.

Ia

A

v——II

A‘e

All dimensionsin rnillimetres.

FIG. 3 DISCBRAKE PAD TEST FIXTURE

3

1S 15708:2006

7 TEST PROCEDURE

The test procedure shall be carried out in accordancewith the following (see Fig. 4 for a procedural flowdiagram):

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Conduct the test at ambient temperature23 + 5°C.

When shear tests at elevated temperatures arespecified, heat the sample uniformly to astabilized temperature within 30 min and testwithin 60s afler removal fi-omthe heating unit.Recommended temperatures are 200 + IO”Cfordrum brake liningsand 300 + 10“Cfor discpads.

Place the brake shoe or disc brake pad in theappropriate shear-test fixture.

Apply the load at the rate specified in 6.1,continuing until complete failure occurs.

Record the failure load together with the shearpattern expressed as a percentage as specifiedin 9.

8 CALCULATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH

Calculate the shear strength using the formula:

F?=—A

where

r = shear strength, expressed, in megapascal(MPa);

F = shear force at failure, expressed, in newton(N); and

A = sample area, expressed, in mm2.

Calculate A from the friction material profile at the bondline and not at the pad face, as chamfers or slots arepad surface effects.

The shear strength is expressed as the minimum andthe average of the results of the number of samplestested.

9 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

The test report (seeAnnexA) shall include the followinginformation:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Type and supplier of the brake shoe assemblyor disc brake pad tilction material, and batchidentification.

Number of samples tested (fiverecommended).

Minimum and average shear-force, orminimum and average shear-strength, values,or both.

A description of the shear pattern, basedon:

1) Percentage failure:

i) of clean carrier,

ii) of adhesive, and

iii) in the lining.

2) Location of any clean carrier areas.

Comments (including mention of samplesused as specified in 5) on deviations fromnormal test conditions such as special testtemperature.

IS 15708:2006

Test Procedure Flow Diagram

tI

II Test rig III

T-”&t

——— ——— ___ .J

‘o waf’msentation

of results

FIG. 4 TESI PROCEDURE

5

ANNEX A

(Clause 9)

TEST REPORT

A-1 The presentation of the test parameters and rspn+ of results is as given in Table 2.

Table 2 Test Parameters and Report of Results

Parameter I Constant Load I Speed Transverse Load I

Load rate 4 500* 1000 N/s 10* I mm/min

Distance from carrier to loading tool . 1 * 0.2 mm 1 * 0.2 mm

Loading tool radius 1,5 * 0.5 mm 1.5 * 0.5 mm

Face load 0.5 *O. 15 N/mmz 0.5 + 0.15 N/mmz

I Heating test IHeating duration I 30 min I 30 min ‘-1

Test dwell time after heating 30s 30s

Testtemperaturefordrumbrakelining 2orc * 10”C 200”C● 10”C

Testtemperaturefor disc brakepads I 300°c* 1O“c I 300”C* IO“c II Manufacturet of lining I II Lining reference I I

Batch identification

Sample type Full pad/padsectionlfull lined shoekegmentof lined shoe/other

Sample size

Sample area at point of shear mmz

Special coatings

Ambient Test Hot Test

Number of samplestest (five recommended): Number of samplestested(five recommended)

\ Minimumshearstrength : MPa \ Minimum shearstrengtb : MPa I

I Mean shearstrength : MPa \ Mearrshearstrengtb : MPa I

1Failure mode I

Clean carrier : percent

Adhesive percent

Failure in lining : percent

Location of clean areas

Clean carrier : percent

Adhesive : percent

Failure in lining : percent

Locationof cleanareas I

I Deviation from test procedure I

I Test date I

Name of tester

Reference No.

‘1

6

IS 15708 “:2006

ANNEX B

(Foreword)

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Automotive Braking Systems, Vehicle Testing and Performance Evaluation Sectional Committee, TED 4

Organization

Vehicle Research & Development Establishment (VRDE),Ahmednagar

Allied Nippon Ltd, Sahibabad

Ashok Leyland Ltd, Chennai

Association of State Road Transport Undertakings, New Delhi

Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India,New Delhi

Automotive Research Association of India, Prrne

Bajaj Auto Ltd, Pune

Bosch Chassis Systems India Limited, Pune

Brakes India Ltd, Chenrrai

Central Farm Machine Training & Testing Institute, Budni

Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune

Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi

Contrrrllerate of Quality Assurance. (OFV), Jabalpur

Either Tractors (A Unit of Either Motors Limited), Pithrrmpur

Force Motors Ltd, Pune

Hero Honda Motors Ltd, Dharuhera

Hindustan Composites Ltd, Mumbai

Hindustan Motors Ltd, Hooghly

HMT Ltd, Pinjore

Indian Institute of Petroleum, Debra Dun

Kinetic Engineering Ltd, Pune

Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. Nashik

Maruti Udyog Ltd. Gurgaon

Ministry of lHeavy Industries & Public Enterprises, New Delhi

Representative(s)

DR N. KARUPPAIAH(Chairman)

SHRIVUAYKUMAR%0 RAJEsHGOyAL(Alternate)

Smo R. R. G MENON

sHru P. s. SHMMALI

Sm P. M. PHATS(Afternate)

SHRIK. N. D. NAMBUDRIPAD

SHRSG P. BANERJS(.4/fernate)

%U % S. !+iANDHUSHRIA.AKSARBADUSHA(.4fterna/e)

SHSUT. M. BALARAMAN

SHRSV. M. MANEL (Akernate)

%0 S. S. PATH

SHRI D. N. MANDORE(,4/ternate)

SHIUP. VENU~PALSRSUK. KANABMAN(,4//errrate)

SHRIS. C. JAINStrruR. K. SrNGSLM(Alternate)

SHRJT. R. MHETRESm N. R. KACHARS(Affernate)

DR T. S. REDDYDR SANTOSHA. JALrHAL(A Iternate)

LT-COLSUSEUMSINHASHRIS. L. PATLEY(Ahernate)

SHRIS. VENKATESHSHMBHUSHANKOTHASU(Alternate)

SHRIC. S. MAMHOSU

SrrRI R. M. KAmrmrt (Alternate)

SHM HARJEETSINGHSHIURAJUDUDALE(Alternate)

DR V. G NAIK

SHRI T. N. VENKATRAMAtJ(Alternate)

SW U. K. KtNI

Ssmt M, G JHtNGRAN(A/terrrate)

Smu DEEPAKMEHTASmu HtMANSUPURSHOTAM(Alternate)

Srrar A. K. AtGALSHRi A. K. JASN(.4hernate)

SHRI V. R. MARATHESHRIP. V. BHANDARE(Alternate)

Stnu Z. A. MUJAWARE

SW P. R. JADHAV(Alternate)

SHRI 1. v. RAoSHRtDEEPAKSAWKAR(Alternate)

SHRIV. C. MATHURSW B. N, DAS (Alternate)

7

IS 15708:2006

Organization

Ministry of Road Transport and Highway, New Delhi

Rane Brake Linings Ltd, Chennai

Royal Entield, Chennai

Scooter India Ltd, Lucknow

Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, New Delhi

Sundaram Brake Linings Ltd, Chennai

Sundaram Clayton Ltd, Chennai

Swaraj Mazda Ltd, Ropar

Tata Motors Ulmited. Pune

Toyota Kirloskar Motors Pvt Ltd, Bangalore

Tractor Manufacturers Association, New Delhi

TVS Motor Co Ltd. Hosur

Vehicle Factory. Jabalpur

Vehicle Research & Development Establishment, Ahmednagar

Volvo India Pvt Ltd. Bangahxe

Yamaha Motor india Pvt Ltd, Faridabad

BIS Directorate General

Representative(s)

SHRIB. BHANOT

Wru S. BADRtNARAYANANSW L. RAMASAMV(Alternate)

,%rruN. KRtSHNANSr+mR. ANBUSELVAN(Alternate)

Strsi I? D. JoSHJ

Wnu C. M. ME~A (Alternate)

SHRIK. K. GANDHJMs BHOVANESWAIOJAYARAMAN(Alternate)

SHRIG. R. CHANDRAMOULISmo K. N. R.w (Aliernate)

Sttru S. SELVAMANISW G NARAYANAMURTHV(Alternate)

ho S. R. A@rumro

SEIRIG. NAGABHUSHAN

Smu K. E. TAKAVALESrrroYociA Pusm (Alternate)

.Nau S. LAKSHMtPATHY

StrrdK. KANNJBARAN(Alternate)

SHRIS. Rm[m

SHRIY, SOMARASwo VawsPURWAR(Alternate)

SW K. K-J

SHRI Sm SW+aw (Alternate)

SHRIArm KNABENSttar S. V. SUDERSON(Alternate)

Mau B. SARKARWau P. K. SEHGAL(Alternate)

SHar P. C. Josm, Scientist ‘E’ and Head (TED)[Representing Director General (Ex-oflcio)]

Member Secretary

Srtro P. S. MUJRALScientist ‘E’ (TED), BIS

8

Bureau of Indian Standards

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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of‘BIS Catalogue’ and’ Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. TED 4 (538).

(;

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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