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है”ह”ह

IS 3426 (1982): Method for determination of colour fastnessof textile materials to rubbing with organic solvents [TXD5: Chemical Methods of Test]

IS : 3426 - 1982

Indian Standard METHOD FOR

DETERMINATION OF COLOUR FASTNESS OF TEXTILE MATERIALS TO RUBBING WITH

ORGANIC SOLVENTS

( First Revision )

Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TDC 5

Chairman

DR ( KUE~ARI ) M. D. BHAVSAR

Members

Representing

The Silk & Art Silk Mills’ Research Association, Bombay

SHRI JAMSHED D. ADKIANVALA The Tata Mills Limited, Bombay DR V. G. AGNI~~TRI National Peroxide Limited, Bombay SHRI A. K. BANDOPAD~YAY Ministry of Defence ( DGI )

KUMARI L. C. PATEL ( Alternate ) SHRI P. K. BASU Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals ( Inspec-

tion Wing ), New Delhi SHRI A. K. SAIGAL ( Alternate )

SHRI M. L. BEHRANI Ministry of Defence ( R&D ) SIIRI A. K. SINGH ( Alternate )

SR~I B. V. BHATT Ahmedabad Manufacturing & Calico Printing Co Ltd, Ahmadabad

SHRI K. G. SHAH ( Alternate ) SHRI C. BRATTACHARYA Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited,

Vadodara SHRI D. K. CHATTOPADHYAY.( Alternate )

DR D. K. DAS National Test House, Calcutta SHRI M. D. DIXIT The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay DR A. S. DUTT Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association,

Calcutta SHRI S. B. HARDAS Wool Research Association, Bombay Dlt B. R. MANJUNAT~A Textiles Committee, Bombay

Dn ( SHRIMATI ) G. R. PHALGUMANI ( Alternate )

SHRI S~NIL S. MERTA The Silk & Art Silk Mills’ Association, Bombay DR S. N. PANDEY Cotton Technological Research Laboratory

( ICAR ), Bombay KUMARI I. G. BHATT ( Alternate )

SHRI C. K. PHADKE Office of the Textile Commissioner, Bombay SHRI K. S. DESIKAN ( Alternate )

( Continued on pa,p 2 )

@ Cojyrtght 1982

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the Dublisher shall he deemed to be an infringement of convricht 11nder the wirl Act

IS: 3426 - 1982

( Continued from page 1 )

Members

SHRI R. S. PRAYAG SHRI N. S. SARAIYA SHRI S. R. ANANTHAKRISHNA

SETTY DR M. G. MODAK ( Alternate )

SARI JAMNADAS K. SHAH SH~I KANUBIIAI M. SHAH SHRI R. C. SHARI

Representing

All India Handloom Board, Bombay The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay Binny Limited, Madras

The Arvind Mills Limited, Ahmadabad The Bombay Millowners’ Association, Bombay Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association,

Ahmadabad SHRI K. S. SRINIVASAN Crescent Dyes & Chemicals Limited, Calcutta

SHRI R. S. BAJEKAL ( Alternqte ) SHRI S. S. T~IVEDI Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association,

Ahmadabad SHRI J. N. VOHRA Ptmjab State Hosiery and Knitwear Development

SHRI P. T. BANERJI ( Al&ate ) Corporation Limited, Chandigarh

SHRI S. M. CIIAKRABOIETY, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oficio Member ) Director ( Tex )

SH~I G. S. A~EYANK~R Deputy Director ( Tex ), IS1

Colour Fastness Subcommittee, TDC 5 : 3

Gonveper SHRI S. S. TRIVEDI Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association,

Ahmadabad

Members

SERI M. R:BHATT The Atul Products Limited, Atul SHRI K. B. SHAH ( Alternate )

DR D. K. DAS National Test House, Calcutta SHRI S. B. HAR~AS Wool Research Association, Bombay SHRI P. K. KAM~TR Crescent Dyes & Chemicals Limited, Calcutta

SHRI K. S. SRINIV_~SAN ( Alternate ) SHRI S. P. K~PUR SHRI V. R. KAHMARKAI~

Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) Indian Dyestuffs Industries Limited, Bombay

DR B. R. M~NJUNATHA Textiles Committee, Bombay DR ( SHRIMATI) G. R.

PEALQUMANI ( Alternate ) SHRI R. N 4RAYAN Amar Dye-Chem Ltd, Bombay

SHRI G. A. KULK~RNI ( Alternate ) SHRI C. K. PHADIZE Office of the Textile Commissioner, Bombay

SHRI K. S. DESII~AN ( Alternate ) SHRI C. N. PRARRU Swadeshi Polytex Limited, Ghaziabad SRRI K. S. RJNDANI

SHRI V. S. A~a.4~1 ( Alternate ) Sandoz ( India ) Limited, Bombay

( Continued on page 7 )

2

A__ _, “__..______.__ __- _... _- ..-- .__ ._-._.-.-_--- . - .-

IS:3426-1982

Indian Stundard

METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF COLOUR FASTNESS OF

TEXTILE MATERIALS TO RUBBING WITH ORGANIC SOLVENTS

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 15 October 1982, after the draft finalized by the Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division Council.

0.2 Colour fastness of textile materials is of considerable importance to the consumer. The fastness depends not only upon the nature and depth of shade of the dyestuff used but also upon the nature of the fibre and the method of dyemg or printing employed; the same colouring matter, when used in dyeing or printing different fibres or when applied by different methods upon the same fibre, may give vastly different results. Formulation of standard methods of test for determining colour fastness of textile materials to different agencies and processes likely to effect change in colour is, therefore, necessary.

0.3 This standard published in 1966 has been revised to align it with the corresponding IS0 Standard ISO-105-1978 (E) Textiles - Tests for colour fastness, DO2 colour fastness to rubbing : Organic solvents, issued by International Organization for Standardization ( IS0 ). This revision has been brought out mainly to include the reference of general principles of testing textiles for colour fastness and to provide an alternative procedure to wet the rubbing cloth with organic solvents.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard prescribes method for the determination of colour fastness of textile materials of all kinds and in all forms, except loose fibres to the combined action of rubbing and of organic solvents used in spot cleaning, that is, localized spotting carried out by hand.

3

If:3426-1982

2. PRINCIPLE

2.1 A specimen of textile is rubbed with undyed rubbing cotton cloth

, impregnated with solvents, and the change in colour of the specimen and the staining of rubbing cotton cloth are assessed with a standard grey scale.

3. REFERENCES

3.1 The standard requires the references of the following:

IS : 10251-1982 General principles of testing textiles for colour fastness tests

IS : 768-1982 Method for evaluating change in colour ( jirst rezkion )

IS : 769-1982 Method for evaluating staining ( jirst revision )

4. SAMPLING

4.1 The sample of yarns or fabrics shall be so drawn asto be representa- tive of the lot. Sample drawn in accordance with the procedures laid down in the material specifications or as agreed to between the buyer and the seller shall be taken as representative of the lot.

NOTE - Reference to IS : 5463-1969* may be made for drawing samples of cotton fabrics.

5. TEST SPECIMEN

5.1 Preparation of Test Pieces

5.1.1 If the material to be tested is fabric, draw from each piece in the test sample two pairs of test specimens, each test specimen in the pair not less than 14 x 5 cm. One pair shall have the long direction parallel to the warp yarns and the other parallel to the weft yarns.

NOTE - If the material to be tested is of knitted fabric, one pair of the test pieces shall hage long direction parallel to the wales and the other pair to the courses.

5.1.2 If the material to be tested is yarn, knit or weave the test sample into a fabric, and draw from it six test pieces, each not less than 14 x 5 cm; alternatively, prepare the test pieces to form a layer of the parallel lengths by wrapping it lengthwise on a glass plate of suitable dimensions.

6. APPARATUS i

6.1 Suitable Testing Device - An apparatus equipped with a finger of 1.6 cm diameter moving to and fro in a straight line along a 10 cm track on the specimen, with a downward force of 9 N.

*Methods of sampling of cotton fabrics for chemical tests.

4

IS : 3426 - 1982

6.2 Rubbing Cotton Cloth - Desized, bleached, free from finishes and cut into squares of 5 X 5 cm.

6.3 Grating of Stainless Steel Wire - made out of stainless steel wire of 1 mm diameter and a width of mesh of about 20 cm.

6.4 Grey scales for assessing change in the colour and staining.

7. REAGENTS

7.0 Quality of Reagents - Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals shall be employed in tests.

NOTE - ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities which affect the experimental results.

7.1 Perchlorethylene

7.2 White Spirit ( Solvent F ) ( or Some Other Petroleum Hydrocarbon )

8. PROCEDURE

8.0 For general principles of testing of textiles for colour fastness, the details given in IS : 10251-1982* shall be followed.

8.1 Soak the rubbing cotton cloth ( 6.2 ) in the solvent; squeeze it to retain approximately its own mass of appropriate solvent. Alternatively, wet the rubbing cotton cloth by placing it on the grating ( 6.3 ) and dropping levelly on to it, its own mass of appropriate solvent.

8.2 Place the rubbing cotton cloth soaked with the solvent at the end of the finger of the apparatus and rub it to and fro in a straight line along a track 10 cm long on the test piece, having a longer side parallel to the warp, 10 times in 10 seconds with a downward force on the finger of9 N.

NOTE - If the test piece is of knitted fabric, a test piece having longer side parallel to wales shall be taken for testing.

8.2.1 Treat one test specimen with the longer side parallel to the weft in a similar manner using a fresh piece of rubbing cotton cloth.

NOTE - If the test specimen is of knitted fabric, a test specimen having longer side parallel to courses shall be taken for testing.

8.3 Dry the pieces of rubbing cotton cloth at a temperature not exceeding 60°C.

*General principles of testing textiles for colour fastness tests.

5

IS : 3436 - 1982

8.4 Repeat the test prescribed in 8.1 to 8.3 with the remaining two test specimen using white spirit ( solvent F ) or some other petroleum hydro- carbon in place of perchlorethylene.

8.5 Repeat the test prescribed in 8.1 to 8.4 with the test specimen drawn from the remaining pieces in the test sample.

8.6 If the material to be tested is yarn, test three test specimens with perchlorethylene and the remaining three test specimens with white spirit ( solvent F ) ( or some other petroleum hydrocarbon ).

8.7 Evaluate the change in colour of each test specimen by the method prescribed in IS : 768-lL,82* and evaluate the degree of staining of each piece of rubbing cotton cloth by the method prescribed in IS : 769- 1!82t. If the test pieces drawn from the fabric have been used in the test, evaluate the degree of staining of that piece of rubbing cotton cloth which shows heavier staining.

9. REPORT

9.1 Report, individually:

a) the solvent used;

b) the numerical ratings for change in colour of the specimens; and

c) the numerical ratings for staining of pieces of rubbing cotton cloth for the direction ( warp or weft ) showing heavier staining.

10. NOTES 10.1 It is necessary to eliminate dyed fibres pulled out during rubbing and retained on the surface of the rubbing cotton cloth; consider only the coloration due to staining by the dyestuffs.

16.2 A suitable apparatus is the Crockmeter, described in the Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. Test Methods 8-1972 ( Vol 50, 1974, p 112 ). Other devices may be used, provided the same results are obtained as with the apparatus described in 6.1.

10.3 The finger of the apparatus can be replaced by a moving hollow tube ending in a grill at its base. A plug of cotton is placed in this tube. The outside of the grill is covered with a sample of wool flannel.

With apparatus modified in this way, it is no longer necessary to immerse the rubbing cotton cloth in the solvent ( 7.1 ); the dry rubbing cotton cloth is placed on the wool flannel at the end of the tube and 3 ml of the solvent are dropped on to the plug of cotton on the inside of the hollow tube. Then proceed as described in 8.2 onwards.

*Method for evaluating change in colour ( jirst r&ion ). tMethod for evaluating staining (firs1 revision ).

6

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IS:3426 - 1982

( Continued from page 2 )

Members Representing

SHRI N. S. SARAIYA The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay SHRI S. VARADARAJAN ( Alternate )

SIXRI S. R. ASQNTHAKRISHNA Binny Limited, Madras SETTY

Dn M. G. MODAK ( Alternate ) SHRI A. K. SINGH Ministrv of Defence C R&D J

SHRI H. C. PERTI ( Ahrnate ) ’ \

SRRI KANUEHAI M. SEAR The Hindoostan Spg & Wvg Mills Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. A. SH.ZH The Silk & Art Silk Mills’ Research Association,

Bombay SHRI S. B. IYER ( ,4Iternate )

7

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ( SI UNITS )

Base Units

QUANTITY

Length

Maas

Time

Electric current

Thermodynamic temperature

Luminous intensity

Amount of substance

Supplementary Units

QUANTITY

Plane angle

Solid angle

Derived Units

QUANTITY

Force

Energy

Power

Flux

Flux density

Frequency

Electric conductance

Electromotive force

Pressure, stress’

UNIT

metre

kilogram

second

ampere

kelvin

candela

mole

UNIT

radian

steradian

UNIT

newton

joule

watt

weber

tesla

hertz

siemens

volt

Pascal

SYMBOL

m

kg S A

K

cd

mol

SYMBOL

rad

sr

SYMBOL

N

J W

Wb

T

HZ

S

V

Pa

DEFINITION

N = 1 kg.m/?

1 J = 1 N.m

1 W = 1 J/s

1 Wb = 1 V.s

1 T = 1 Wb/ms

1 Hz = 1 c/s (s-t)

1 S = 1 A/V

1 V = 1 W/A

1 Pa = 1 N/m2

_ -_

. ._