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IS 9415 (1980): Method for determination of hardenabilityand grain size of tool steels by penetration fracture test[MTD 22: Metallography and Heat Treatment]

IS : 9415-1980

Indian Standard METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF

HARDENABILITY AND GRAIN SIZE OF TOOL STEELS BY PENETRATION

FRACTURE TEST -.

Metallography and Heat Treatment Sectional Committee, SMDC 27- Chairman Representing

DR S. K. CRATTERJEE Gu:st, Keen, Wdliams Ltd. Howrah

Members SHRI S. K. BASU ( Alternate to

DR S. K. Chatterjee ) SHRI I. N. BHATIA Ministry of Defence ( R & D )

SHRI M. 0. SAHU ( Alternate I ) SHRI N. B. KAMBLE ( Afternate II )

SHRI A. M. BISWAS Narional Test_Housz, Calcutta SRRI JS. C BARUI (Alternate)

SHRI S. S. BHATNAGAR National Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ), Jamshedour

DR D. J. CHAKRAVARTY( Alternate)

SHRI DASARTHA The Visvesvaraya Iron and Stezl Ltd, Bhadravati SHRI B. HARIDASACHAR ( Alternate >

SHRI S. V. DATAR Ahmedabad Advance&Mills Ltd, Navsari SHRI M. K. GHOSH ( Alternate )

SHRI D. M. DAVA~R Premier Automobiles Ltd, Bombay SHRIA. T. BORATE( Alternate)

DEPUTY DIRECTOR (MET)-& Ministry of Railways RDSO, LUCKNow CHEMIST & METALLURGIST,

NORTHERNRAILWAY, LUCKNOW ( Alternate )

SRRI M.B. DUTT Indian Aluminium Co Ltd, Calcutta SHRI A. K.Gaos~ ( Alternate )

SHRI S. P.DEY Hindustan Motors Ltd, Uttarpara SIIRI A. K. GUHA Direcge;;e General of Supplies and Disposals,

SHRI K.M.TANEJA (Alternate) SHRIM.L,.KATYAL Bajaj Auto Ltd, Pune DRD.M.LAKHIANI Indian Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur

SERID.R.DASGUP!CA( Alternate) (Cootimed on page 2

@ Copyright 1980 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of !957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permlsslon of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS : 9415-1980

[Continued from page 1)

Members Representing

SRRI J.S. LOTAY SHRI LAXAMAN MISHRA

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Hardwar Directorate General of Technical Development, New

Delhi

SHRI V. D. SEARMA ( Alternare ) DR G. MUKHERJEE Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Alloy Steels Plant ),

Durgapur

SHRI D. K. BAGCHI ( AIrerttate ) DR T. MULZEERJEE rata Iron & Steel Co, Jamshedpur

SHRI A. N. MITRA I Alternate 1 __. __ S&S. MURANJAN ’ ‘Special Steels Ltd, Bombay

SHRI A. D. HAZARE ( Afternate ) SHRI J. NAGESHBHATT Indian Telephone Industries Ltd, Bangalore

SHRI D. LUCSHMANNA ( Alrernate ) SHRI K. PARATHASARTHY Ashok Leyland Ltd, Madras DR P. S. PAT’PIHAL Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co Ltd, Jamshedpur

SHRI J. C. KAPOOR ( Alfernare ) SHRI H.S. PARGHI Kamani Metals & AIloys Ltd, Bombay SHRI V. RAMASWAMY Ministry of Defence ( DGI )

SHRI B. N. RAY ( AIternate ) DR V. RAMASWAMY Steel Authority of India Ltd ( R & D 1, Ranchi

DR G. RAI ( Akernafe ) SHRI A. R. RANADIVE Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd, Bombay

SHRI M. K. KHANDKE ( Afterwate ) SRRI S. C. RASTOQI Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd, Ranchi

SHRI P. G. MULYE ( Alternate ) SRRI A. J. SEIPSTONE Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Bhilai Steel Plant 1,

Bhilai

SHRI D. K. BAWHI ( Ahnate ) SHRI S. SIVARAMAERISHNAN Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Bangalore

SHRI D. K. DE ( Alternate )

DR K.V. SUBRARAO Mukand Iron & Steel Ltd, Bombay SHRI C. R. GHOSH ( Alternate )

SHRI H. K. TANEJA Indian Register of Shipping, Bombay SHRI V. N. PANDEY ( Alternate )

SHRI R. L. TONDON Directorate General of Ordnance Factories, Calcutta

SHRISURENDRAVERMA All India Metal Forging Association, New Delhi SHRISUDHIR KUMAR( Alternate )

SHRI C. R. RAMA RAO, Director General, ISI ( Ex-oficio Member ) Director ( Strut & Met )

Secretaries SIIRI S.L. BALI

Deputy Director ( Metals ), ISI SHRI B. MUEHERJI

Deputy Director ( Metals ), JSJ

IS : 9415-1980

Indian Standard METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF

HARDENABILITY AND GRAIN SIZE OF TOOL STEELS BY PENETRATION

FRACTURE TEST

O.FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institu- tion on 22 January 1980, after the draft finalized by the Metallography and Heat Treatment Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and Metals Division Council.

0.2 The penetration fracture test, more commonly known as the PF test, is used for determining the quality of tool steels and classifying the heats into definite types with regard to melting practice, hardening sen- sitivity and physical properties of the tool after heat treatment. This standard has been prepared to provide a guide for procedure to be adop ted for rapid determination of the quality of steels. The method descri- bed in this standard is in vogue as a useful process control technique.

0.3 For determination of fracture grain size, the hardened and fractured specimen has to be compared with a set of fracture grain size standard, and the user of the standard has to obtain such a set. A set of fracture grain size standard consists of ten specimens, the number one constitn- ting the coarsest and the number 10 the finest grain size. There are two sets of fracture grain size standards available, that is, Shepherd’s and J. K. ( Jernkantoret ) fracture grain size standard. For all practical purposes these two standards are identical and their co-relation with ASTM grain size number is almost linear.

0.4 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard describes the method for determining the hardenabi- lity and grain size of tool steels by penetration fracture test for process. control purposes.

*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( .wised 1. 3

IS : 9415-1980 2. TERMINOLOGY

2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 1956 ( Part Q-1976 * shall apply.

3. PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST 3.1 This test consists of subjecting two samples of the steel, under test, to a brine quench from recommended hardening temperature related to the steel grains; each specimen is then notched and broken, and from a comparison of the fractures with a set of standard fractures, the fracture grain size is determined. The depth of hardening, produced by quen- ching, is then determined by macro-etching the other half of the broken specimen.

4. TEST PIECES

4.2 The test pieces shall consist of round bar, machined accurately to 20 &0*5 mm dia, and should be approximately 75 mm in length. 4.2 For purposes of identification, each test piece should be stamped on both ends with a number corresponding to the temperature from which it is quenched. 4.3 The machined test pieces should be subjected to a preliminary heat treatment for making the structural conditions of the steel uniform. This should be carried out by heating the specimens at 870” C and holding at this temperature for at least 40 minutes. ched in oil.

The specimens are then quen-

5. TEST PROCEDURE 5.1 Hardening Treatment - Generally the oil quenched specimens should be uniformly heated to recommended temperatures and held at the harde- ning temIjerature for 30 minutes. The temperature-time cycle should be strictly adhered to, as otherwise the properties of the steel under test might be affected.

5.1.1 The specimen should then be quenched by vertical immersion in 10 percent aqueous brine solution.

5.1.2 The time lag between removal of the test pieces from the furnace and the commencement of quenching should not exceed 5 seconds.

5.2 Determination of Grain Size 5.2.1 After the quenched specimens are suflicientIy cooled to be hand-

led, they should be notched mid-way between the ends with a thin cutting wheel to a depth not greater than 1.5 mm. The notched specimen should then be fractured by a hammer.

5.2.2 The grain size of the fractured surface should be determined by comparing the hardened case fractures with the fracture grain size standards

*Glossary of terms relating to iron and steel: Part 1 General metallurgy, heat treatment and testmg ( first revisiorr ).

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IS : 94151980

5.3 Determination of Hardenabi,lity

5.3.1 The second half of the fractured specimen should be cut at least 25 mm from the original end and the cross-section should be prepared for macro-etching by final grinding on ‘0’ or ‘00’ emery paper. The specimen should be etched in a 50 percent aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid for 3 minutes at a temperature of 80°C. The depth, to which the speci- men is hardened, should then be measured by means of a scale and recorded in units of 0’5 mm.

5.3.2 The hardness penetration should be expressed in terms of the depth of the hardened case in units of 0.5 mm, that is, a depth of 2 mm should be expressed as 4 units.

6. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

6.1 The penetration fracture characteristics of the tool steel should be recorded as number; for example, 4,5,6,8. The tist two numbers repre- sent a depth of hardness in units of 0.5 mm for each of the two specimens respectively. The last two numbers give the fracture grain size numbers for the two specimens respzctively as determined by gradual comparison with the standards.

INDIAN STANDARDS ON METALLOGRAPHY AND HEAT TREATMEN r

is : 2756-1965 Method for estimating the. average grain size of Wrou~~tl.~o~p~~~~nd.,~,

copper base allovs 2853-1964 Method for determining austenitic grain size of steel

4075-1967 Method of macrostreak Aaw test for steel 4163-1967 &;;lo for determination of inclusion content in steel by micro+opic,

4748-B&’ Methodi ‘for estiin&?ing Wragt-grain size *of-metals c 6396-1971 Method of measuring decarburized depth of steel ’ 6416-1971 Methods of measuring case depth of dteuls 7739 Codd of ptictice for,preparation of meta&graphii spcqin&q~.

(Part I )-1975 General feat&s ( Pati’If )4975 Electrblytic $olish)nl4 ( P&t Iii’)-1975’ Altitiitiltiti ai@ its 8lloyslaai8’tbali.~hmiaation, ( Part IV )-19?5 C&&er atid,its all&ysbud %tfiatiimrti& ( Part V )-1976 Iron and steel and their examination ( Part VI )-1975 Lead and its alloys and their examination ( Part VII )-1975 Magnesium and its alloys and their examination ( Part VIII )- 1975 Nickel and its alloys and their examination ( Part IX )-1976 Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and their alloys ( Part X )-1976 Tin and its alloys and their examination ( Part XI )-1976 Zinc and its alloys and their examination

7754-1975 Method for designation of microstructure of graphite in cast iron

6