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Isa$200IAQ(Par-cle)MonitorGoodEnoughtoKeepYouSafe?
Wm.WoodyDelpandBreISingerLawrenceBerkeleyNa-onalLab
[email protected]@lbl.gov
2018DryClimateHomePerformanceForum
Acknowledgements
Funding:• USDept.ofEnergy,BuildingAmericaProgram
• USEnvironmentalProtec>onAgency,IndoorEnvironmentsDivision• USDept.ofHousingandUrbanDevelopment,OfficeofHealthy
HomesandLeadHazardControl
• US-ChinaCleanEnergyResearchCenter–BuildingEnergyEfficiencyProject,IEQStudy
SimonWalkerhelpedwithexperimentsanddatadownloads.Dr.Yang-SeonKimweighedfiltersforgravimetricmeasurements.
ConsumerGradeMonitors
PM,T,RH PM2.5,PM10,CO2,T,RH PM,T,RH
PM,CO2,VOC,T,RH,
PM,CO2,VOC,T,RH,
PM1.0,PM2.5,PM10,T,RH
PM,#par>clesT,RH
AB AVN AQE AWA
FOB PA SPK
1sec 10sec–15min 1min
5min 1min80sec
10sec–5min
Theseusemass-producedpar>clesensorsthatcost<$10to$35
Results
AB
AVN
AQEAWA
FOB
PA
SPK
Winners
Losers
FocusonFinePar-culateMaIer(PM2.5)
HigherambientPM2.5…causesincreasedcardiovascularmorbidityandmortality;…isassociatedwithandlikelycausesrespiratoryillness.1
In-homeexposuretoPM2.5causesmorehealthdamagethananyothernon-biologicalairpollutant.2
PM2.5detec>oncanenablecontrolbyven>la>onorfiltra>on.
www.epa.gov/pm-pollu>on/par>culate-mader-pm-basics#PM
1.EPA,IntegratedScienceAssessmentforPar3culateMa7er.Washington,DC:U.S.EnvironmentalProtec>onAgency;2009.
2.Logue,EnvironHealthPerspect.2012;120:216-222.
PM2.5Benchmarks
Standard Annualmeanµg /m3
24-hmeanµg /m3
USAmbientStandard(2012) 12 35
WHOGuidelineValues(2005) 10 25
CanadianAmbientStandard2015 10 28
CanadianAmbientStandard2020 8.8 27
• U.S.federalreferencemethod(FRM)isgravimetric:specifiespump,inlet,filter,andweighingprocedures
• Alterna>vegravimetricsamplingequipmentdesignedforindoorspaces
• Federalequivalentmethods(FEM)
• TaperedElementOscilla>ngMicrobalance• Betaadenua>on• Specializedop>calmethods
• Designedfor24hint.• Toonoisyforindoors.
ReferencePM2.5Measurements
1horless$10-25Kperunit
• Integrated• $1500
• Op>calscaderingdevicesdevelopedforoccupa>onalhealth,usedforresiden>alresearch.• Cost$4-10Kforanalyzer;$500forOEMsensorunit.
ResearchPMMonitors
BT‐645 Portable Dust Monitor
Applica ons: x� Public and Workplace Monitoring x� Industrial / Occupa onal Hygiene x� Indoor Air Quality Note: Not recommended for con nuous outdoor use.
Op cal Sensor A laser op cal sensor is used to detect and measure par culate concentra ons up to 100 milligrams per cubic meter. The con nuous flow op cal sensor is combined with purge air to ensure accurate measurements in adverse environments.
Rugged Design The op cal sensor, matched electronics and backlit display, are enclosed in a rugged metal enclosure to protect the instrument from normal daily use.
Data Storage
The internal datalogger will store over 5,000 samples. Sample history events can be viewed on the display or downloaded to a computer using Comet so ware.
Ba ery Opera on The internal ba ery pack provides over 10 hours of con nuous opera on. Ba ery recharge me is approximately 2.5 hours.
Op onal Inlets The standard unit is supplied with a TSP inlet. Op onal sampling inlets are available for PM2.5, PM4 and PM10.
Key Features: x� ‘Real Time’ monitoring x� Simple opera on x� Rugged design x� Built‐in Datalogger x� Purge air system x� Low power consump on
1600 Washington Blvd. ● Grants Pass, OR 97526 ● 541.471.7111 ● www.metone.com [email protected]
The BT‐645 Portable Dust Monitor has been designed to con nuously measure and record par culate informa on for indoor work place and public place environments.
P E R S O N A L M O N I T O R
Thermo Scientifi c PersonalDataRAM pDR-1500 Monitor Active, real-time aerosol monitor/data logger with aerodynamic sizing
The Thermo Scientifi c™ pDR-1500 personal DataRAM was developed to meet the need for a fully integrated, active sampling personal scale instrument with greater accuracy, increased capabilities, low size and weight, maximum ease-of-use and increased operating time.
• True volumetric fl ow controlInterchangeable cyclones for higher
• Accuracy cut points Personal aerosol instrument with benchtop performance
• Full compensation for environmental variables
• Suitable for NIOSH Methods 0500and 0600
The pDR-1500 personal DataRAM is designed for applications such as site remediation, size discrimination, mass validation, exposure modeling, and protection of asthma patients.
The pDR-1500 personal DataRAM accurately measures aerosol concentration in real-time, with relative humidity compensation, true volumetric fl ow control and legacy pDR nephelometry. An integrated sample fi lter enables post-gravimetric validation of data.
Superior particle-cut points compared to those achievable using impactors are delivered through volumetric fl ow control and ACGIH traceable cyclones, available in pairs, for PM10 and PM4 or PM2.5 and PM1. A toroidal entrance assures optimized aerosol aspiration and a representative sample even without a cyclone.
v
Product S
pecifications
Thermo Scientifi c Personal DataRAM pDR-1500 Monitor
DUSTTRAK™ II AEROSOL MONITOR
MODEL 8530/8531/8532/8530EP
OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL
DustTrak II 8530/31 Desktop and 8532 Handheld
DustTrak II 8530EP Monitor
ScaIeringLight
Theintensityofscaderedlightdependson:• Lightwavelength• Detec>onangle• Par>clesize• Refrac>veindex
Approximatelylinearwithmass!
RoomSetup
Itisgenerallylinearwithmass!
Mixing Fan
Monitors
Source LocationA
B
ConsumerGrade
Research / FEM450n2
~126m3
Reference&ResearchInstruments
Sophis>catedop>calpar>clespectrometercoupledwithanelectricalmobilityanalyzerprovides41binsfrom10nmupto35mm
FDMS-TEOM(FEM)
PEM+Pump
GRM
PDR BT
5min*
~1hr
1min
20sec 1min
TEOMTEOMTEOMTEOMTEOM®®®®® 1405-DF: 1405-DF: 1405-DF: 1405-DF: 1405-DF:Dichotomous Ambient Particulate MonitorDichotomous Ambient Particulate MonitorDichotomous Ambient Particulate MonitorDichotomous Ambient Particulate MonitorDichotomous Ambient Particulate Monitor
with FDMSwith FDMSwith FDMSwith FDMSwith FDMS®®®®® Option Option Option Option Option42-010815 Revision A.003 16Sep2009
P E R S O N A L M O N I T O R
Thermo Scientifi c PersonalDataRAM pDR-1500 Monitor Active, real-time aerosol monitor/data logger with aerodynamic sizing
The Thermo Scientifi c™ pDR-1500 personal DataRAM was developed to meet the need for a fully integrated, active sampling personal scale instrument with greater accuracy, increased capabilities, low size and weight, maximum ease-of-use and increased operating time.
• True volumetric fl ow controlInterchangeable cyclones for higher
• Accuracy cut points Personal aerosol instrument with benchtop performance
• Full compensation for environmental variables
• Suitable for NIOSH Methods 0500and 0600
The pDR-1500 personal DataRAM is designed for applications such as site remediation, size discrimination, mass validation, exposure modeling, and protection of asthma patients.
The pDR-1500 personal DataRAM accurately measures aerosol concentration in real-time, with relative humidity compensation, true volumetric fl ow control and legacy pDR nephelometry. An integrated sample fi lter enables post-gravimetric validation of data.
Superior particle-cut points compared to those achievable using impactors are delivered through volumetric fl ow control and ACGIH traceable cyclones, available in pairs, for PM10 and PM4 or PM2.5 and PM1. A toroidal entrance assures optimized aerosol aspiration and a representative sample even without a cyclone.
v
Product S
pecifications
Thermo Scientifi c Personal DataRAM pDR-1500 Monitor
BT‐645 Portable Dust Monitor
Applica ons: x� Public and Workplace Monitoring x� Industrial / Occupa onal Hygiene x� Indoor Air Quality Note: Not recommended for con nuous outdoor use.
Op cal Sensor A laser op cal sensor is used to detect and measure par culate concentra ons up to 100 milligrams per cubic meter. The con nuous flow op cal sensor is combined with purge air to ensure accurate measurements in adverse environments.
Rugged Design The op cal sensor, matched electronics and backlit display, are enclosed in a rugged metal enclosure to protect the instrument from normal daily use.
Data Storage
The internal datalogger will store over 5,000 samples. Sample history events can be viewed on the display or downloaded to a computer using Comet so ware.
Ba ery Opera on The internal ba ery pack provides over 10 hours of con nuous opera on. Ba ery recharge me is approximately 2.5 hours.
Op onal Inlets The standard unit is supplied with a TSP inlet. Op onal sampling inlets are available for PM2.5, PM4 and PM10.
Key Features: x� ‘Real Time’ monitoring x� Simple opera on x� Rugged design x� Built‐in Datalogger x� Purge air system x� Low power consump on
1600 Washington Blvd. ● Grants Pass, OR 97526 ● 541.471.7111 ● www.metone.com [email protected]
The BT‐645 Portable Dust Monitor has been designed to con nuously measure and record par culate informa on for indoor work place and public place environments.
“True”PM2.5es>matedusingFDMStogetmassandGRMtoget>me-resolu>on
Massreadingscaderingdevices
Sources
Burnedincense,candlesandcigaredes
Heatedpotsofwater,anoven,ahairdryer,andanelectricburner
Cookedgreenbeans,bacon,pancakes,toast,andapizza,andheatedcanolaoil
ReleasedAZtestdust,shakedadustmop,andoperatedanultrasonichumidifierusingunfilteredtapwater
ExampleData
UnfilteredHumidifierandDust
0
20
40
101 102 103 104
μg·m
-3·h
0
10
20
30
40
50
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Humidifier 2
0
100
200
300
101 102 103 104
NoData
μg·m
-3·h
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
AZ Dust 1
0200400600800
101 102 103 104μg
·m-3
·h
0
10
20
30
40
50
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
AZ Dust 2
0
500
1000
101 102 103 104
μg·m
-3·h
0
5
10
15
20
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Dust Mop
Results
< 0.6≥ 0.6 < 0.8≥ 0.8
Spearman's Correlation
1503009001800
PSD MMD (nm)
1:1
Airb
eam
(μg·
m-3
·h)
0.1
1
10
100
Adjusted Grimm (μg·m-3·h)10 100
1:1
AV N
ode
(μg·
m-3
·h)
0.1
1
10
100
Adjusted Grimm (μg·m-3·h)10 100
1:1
AQeg
g (μ
g·m
-3·h
)
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
Adjusted Grimm (μg·m-3·h)10 100
1:1
AWAI
R (μ
g·m
-3·h
)
1
10
100
Adjusted Grimm (μg·m-3·h)10 100
1:1
FooB
ot (μ
g·m
-3·h
)
1
10
100
Adjusted Grimm (μg·m-3·h)10 100
1:1
Purp
leAi
r (μg
·m-3
·h)
1
10
100
Adjusted Grimm (μg·m-3·h)10 100
1:1
Spec
k (μ
g·m
-3·h
)
0.1
1
10
100
Adjusted Grimm (μg·m-3·h)10 100
1:1
pDR
-150
0 (μ
g·m
-3·h
)
0.1
1
10
100
Adjusted Grimm (μg·m-3·h)10 100
Recrea-onalCombus-on
0
100
200
300
101 102 103 104
μg·m
-3·h
0
20
40
60
80
100
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Cigarettes
0
100
200
300
101 102 103 104
μg·m
-3·h
0
50
100
150
200
250
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Candles
0
100
200
101 102 103 104
μg·m
-3·h
0
50
100
150
200
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Incense2
0
100
200
101 102 103 104μg
·m-3
·h
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Incense 3
0
200
400
101 102 103 104
NoData
μg·m
-3·h
0
20
40
60
80
100
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Beans 1
0
1000
2000
101 102 103 104
NoData
μg·m
-3·h
0
50
100
150
200
250
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Beans 3
0
1000
2000
3000
101 102 103 104
NoData
μg·m
-3·h
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Beans 2
0
100
200
101 102 103 104
NoData
μg·m
-3·h
0
50
100
150
200
250
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Bacon+Toast
S-r-FryingandFrying+Toas-ng
0
100
200
300
101 102 103 104
NoData
μg·m
-3·h
0
50
100
150
200
250
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
GB Oil1
0
200
400
101 102 103 104
μg·m
-3·h
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
GB Oil 3
0
50
100
150
101 102 103 104
μg·m
-3·h
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
GB Oil 2
0
100
200
300
101 102 103 104μg
·m-3
·h
0
50
100
150
200
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Elec Oil
Hea-ngOilonGasorElectricBurners
CookingthatEmitsMostly<0.3umPar-cles
020406080
101 102 103 104
μg·m
-3·h
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Oven
0
20
40
60
101 102 103 104
μg·m
-3·h
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Pancakes
0
50
100
150
101 102 103 104
μg·m
-3·h
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Pizza
0
100
200
101 102 103 104μg
·m-3
·h
0
5
10
15
20
25
GRM PDR BT AB AVN AQE AWA FOB PA SPK
Burnt Toast
Toas
t
BLT
Oil
PM2.
5 (μ
g·m
-3)
1
10
100
1000
FooB
ot 1
tVO
C (p
pb)
0
500
1000
1500
10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00Jul 27 - 2017
Dust
Burn
tTo
ast
PM2.
5 (μ
g·m
-3)
1
10
100
1000
FooB
ot 1
tVO
C (p
pb)
0
500
1000
1500
10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00Aug 2 - 2017
Pan
Cake
s
O3
Pizz
a
Clea
ners
Ciga
rette
s
PM2.
5 (μ
g·m
-3)
1
10
100
1000
FooB
ot 1
tVO
C (p
pb)
0
500
1000
1500
10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00Aug 4 - 2017
VOCsensordetectedcookingeventswithonlysmall
par>cles
Results
AB
AVN
AQEAWA
FOB
PA
SPK
Winners
Losers
Conclusions
Fourconsumermonitorsdetectedmostsourcesandquan>ta>velymeasuredalllargesourcesofPM2.5.
èAppearsuitabletomanageIAQ.
Twoconsumermonitorsdetectedmanysourcesbutnotquan>ta>vely.
Onemonitorwasnotinforma>ve.Resultsshouldbeverifiedinhomes.• Whatfrac>onofPM2.5detected?• Howdurablearethedevices?
Consumermonitorsnotsuitabletodetect&controlultrafinepar>cles.
AB AVNFOBPA
AQEAWA
SPK
Ques-ons?
[email protected]@lbl.gov
SizeMaIersforPar-clesD
epos
ition
Fra
ctio
n (%
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Particle Size (μm)0.01 0.1 1 10
DevelopedfromICRPPublica>on66.HumanRespiratoryTractModelforRadia>onProtec>on,1994.
ExampleData Du
stM
op
Cand
les
Boil H
2O
HD Ove
n
Oil
10141927
375272100
139193253298
352414488576
679800943
Channel nm
Coun
ts (#
·cm
-3)
10−1
1
101
102
103
104
10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00Aug 3 - 2017