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Is It Time To...?
Kansas State University
Ward Upham
Preventing Common Horticulture Plant Problems
Kansas State University
Ward Upham
Is It Time To:Control Henbit and Other Winter Annuals
Henbit
Is It Time To:Spray for Henbit and Other Winter Annuals
Chickweed
Winter Annual Control
▪Use 2,4-D ,Trimec, Weed-B-Gon, Weed Free Zone
▪Best to spray in fall
Henbit Chickweed
Winter Annual Control
▪Best to spray in fall
▪If spray early in spring, use combination product such as Trimec, Weed-B-Gon, Speed Zone, or Weed Free Zone
▪Spraying as late as mid-April or later is usually a waste of time and money
Is It Time To:Fertilize Cool-Season Grasses
Cool-Season Grasses
▪Tall Fescue & Kentucky Bluegrass
Tall Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass
When to Fertilize Cool-Season Grasses
▪September▸Most important fertilization of year▸Use 1 pound nitrogen (N) per 1000 square feet▸Quick-release OK
▪November▸Second most important fertilization ▸Use 1 pound N per 1000 square feet▸Quick-release OK
▪May▸Optional; use if irrigate, apply 1 pound of N per 1000 square
feet▸Use fertilizer with at least 1/4 N as slow-release
Is It Time To:
Fertilize Warm-Season Grasses
Warm-Season Grasses
▪Bermudagrass, Zoysiagrass and Buffalograss
BermudagrassZoysiagrassBuffalograss
When to Fertilize Warm-Season Grasses▪1 pound nitrogen per 1000 square feet per year▸May be all that buffalo and zoysia need; too much on
zoysia and thatch builds up
▸Some people never fertilize buffalo or zoysia
▸Apply once in June
▪2 pounds nitrogen per 1000 square per year▸Apply May and July with 1 pound each app
▸Maximum amount for buffalo and zoysia but minimum amount for bermuda
▪3 pounds nitrogen per 1000 square feet per year▸Apply May, June and early August
Is It Time To:Seed Cool-Season Lawns
Better to Seed in the Fall Rather than Spring
▪Warmer soils and turf comes up faster
▪Less competition from weeds
▪More time to become established before the heat stress of summer
If You Weren’t Able to Seed in the Fall▪Consider Dormant Seeding if have areas to
thicken up▸Seed from December through mid-March▸Must have good seed-soil contact
–Rake in with hand rake–Use slit-seeder–Verticut and then seed–Core aerate and seed
▪Seed as early in spring as possible▸ Leave ground bare if you can do so without erosion ▸Can use Tupersan to control crabgrass▸May have to redo in fall
Is It Time To:
▪Look for darker “hot spots”. Often have purplish tinge.
▪Best to allow turf to undergo some stress early in season.
▪Attempt to apply 3/4 to 1 inch of water each time you irrigate.
Water the Lawn
Is It Time To:
▪Blades should be sharpened about every 10 hours
▪Sharp blades cut cleaner, quicker and require less energy
Sharpen Mower Blades
Is It Time To:
▪Leaves swollen, distorted and have reddish hue.
Treat for Peach Leaf Curl
Peach Leaf Curl
▪Single fungicide application will control.▪Must apply in fall after leaf drop or early spring
before bud swell.▪Use chlorothalonil (Daconil), liquid lime sulfur or
Bordeaux mixture.
Is It Time To:
Treat for Cedar-Apple Rust
Cedar-Apple RustHost Plants
▪Junipers
▪Apples or crabapples
Cedar-Apple RustBackground
▪Must have both plants present for disease to occur. However, juniper removal is usually not practical as all junipers within ½ to 2 miles of apples would have to be eliminated.
▪Juniper - though disease unsightly on juniper, will generally not cause serious damage.
▪Apple - can cause premature defoliation and thereby weaken tree.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Apple
▪In late spring or early summer, yellow-orange spots appear on the leaves.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Apple
▪Eventually, tube-like projections form on bottom surface of the leaf.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Apple
▪In late spring or early summer, yellow-orange spots appear on the leaves.
▪Eventually, tube-like projections form on bottom surface of the leaf.
▪Leaves with numerous spots drop during the summer. This stresses the tree and reduces fruit set and yield the following year.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Apple
▪In late spring or early summer, yellow-orange spots appear on the leaves.
▪Eventually, tube-like projections form on bottom surface of the leaf.
▪Leaves with numerous spots drop during the summer. This stresses the tree and reduces fruit set and yield the following year.
▪New leaves are formed if defoliation is severe enough.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Juniper
▪Produces reddish-brown galls on twigs of junipers that are ½ to 2 inches in diameter.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Juniper
▪In April, galls swell and produce orange, one- inch long tendrils in a gelatinous mass during wet weather.
Cedar-Apple RustSymptoms on Juniper
▪It takes two years for galls to develop. Galls only produce spores the second year.
Cedar-Apple RustRecommendations for Crabapple
▪Best control on crabapples is to plant resistant varieties.
▪Varieties resistant to both scab and rust include:▸Donald Wyman▸Bob White▸Golden Raindrops▸Prairiefire▸Red Jewel
Cedar-Apple RustSpray Recommendations for Apples & Crabs
▪First spray should be applied when orange tendrils on junipers appear. (Early April)
▪Repeat applications as long as juniper galls remain active. (late May)
▪Triadimefon (Bayleton, Green Light Fung-Away) or myclobutanil (Immunox)
▪Immunox labeled for both apples and crabapples and for both rust and scab
Cedar-Apple RustSpray Recommendations for Junipers
▪Rarely sprayed because disease normally does not cause serious damage to junipers.
▪If spray, apply three to four fungicide applications sprayed at 10-day intervals, beginning in early July.
▪Can use Bordeaux mixture, ferbam, and Bayleton.
▪Because galls take two years to develop, will not notice benefit until the second year.
Is It Time To:
Treat for Sphaeropsis Tip Blight
Sphaeropsis Tip Blight
▪Austrian, Ponderosa, Scotch, and Mugo
▪Most severe on mature (30 years or older) Austrian pines.
Sphaeropsis Tip BlightSymptoms
▪In late May or early June, new developing shoots fail to elongate properly and turn yellow or tan.
▪Small droplets of resin often form on the stunted needles.
▪Needles tend to remain attached to the tree.
▪Repeated infections can cause death of entire branches.
Sphaeropsis Tip BlightControl Recommendations
▪Two to three applications of fungicide needed.
▪Apply first about the third week in April just as new buds are elongating.
▪Following sprays spaced at 10 - 14 day intervals.
▪Removal of dead shoots may help but will not give complete control since disease carried on cones.
▪Use coppers (Bordeaux, Tenn-Cop) or thiophanate (Fungo, Cleary’s 3336).
Is It Time To:
Treat for Sycamore Anthracnose
Sycamore Anthracnose
▪Young leaves may wither and turn black.▪Older leaves may have brown areas that follow
the major veins of the leaf.
Anthracnose on SycamoreRecommendations
▪Usually chemical controls unnecessary as tree will releaf.
▪If want to control disease, use thiophanate-methyl (Cleary’s, Fungo), mancozeb, fixed coppers, or Bordeaux mixture.
▪Sometimes, professional arborists use a September injection of a fungicide such as Arbotect to protect sycamore trees that have a history of anthracnose. Inject 2 consecutive years.
Is It Time To:
Treat for Bagworms
Bagworms
▪Junipers and arbovitae are favorites
▪Can also attack other ornamental shrubs, shade, and forest trees.
BagwormsLife Cycle
▪Bags look like Christmas ornaments.
BagwormsLife Cycle
▪Bags look like Christmas ornaments.
▪Young bagworms hatch in May in Kansas.
Larva
May 22
BagwormsLife Cycle
▪Bags look like Christmas ornaments.
▪Young bagworms hatch in May in Kansas.
▪Bagworms spin silken bags around themselves.
July 7
BagwormsLife Cycle
▪Female is wingless and never leaves the bag. Male is a small, gray, clear-winged moth that resembles a wasp.
Female Bagworm Male Bagworm
BagwormsDamage
▪Feed on foliage of host plant.
▪Often damage is not noticed until bagworm so large that it is hard to control.
BagwormsControl Recommendations
▪Small infestations can be picked off by hand.
▪Wait at least a week after seeing first larvae appear before spraying to allow complete emergence of insects.
▪Can use acephate (Systemic Insect Control), malathion, or permethrin (numerous trade names) for control.
Is It Time to:Do Something About Pine Wilt
▪Most severe on Scotch pine
▪Also reported on Austrian and white pines
Pine WiltSymptoms
▪Trees wilt and die rapidly
▪Needles turn brown and remain attached to tree
▪Trees have reduced resin production. Twigs are brittle and dry and site of branch removal does not produce resin
▪Symptoms usually appear from August through December
Pine WiltControl Recommendations
▪First, confirm disease if it is rare in your area by sending branch sample at least 2 inches in diameter to K-State Diagnostic Lab ($10 fee)
▪Cannot save infected trees
▪Help prevent spread to nearby trees by removing infected trees to ground level.